Michigan Office of Administrative Hearings and Rules

Administrative Rules Division

611 West Ottawa Street; 2^ndFloor, Ottawa Building

Lansing, MI 48933

Phone: (517) 335-2484; Email: MOAHR-Rules@michigan.gov

JCAR AGENCY REPORT/PACKAGE

1. List names of newspapers in which the notice of public hearing was published

and publication dates:

Marquette Mining Journal (September 17, 2021)

Flint Journal (September 17, 2021)

Kalamazoo Gazette (September 17, 2021)

2. List of the name and agency representative(s) attending public hearing:

Adam Fracassi (Bureau of Elections – Designated Agency Representative)

Doug Novak (Department of State – Regulatory Affairs Officer)

Jonathan Brater (Bureau of Elections – Director)

Brian Remlinger (Bureau of Elections – Law Fellow)

3. Persons submitting comments of support:

See below

4. Persons submitting comments of opposition:

See below

Comments Made

Name &

Organization

At:

Rule Number &

Citation Changed

Agency Rational

for Rule Change

Comments

(Public Hearing or

Written)

Added a

subsection defining

master card and

edited the

subsection defining

“signature on file”

to explicitly include

the signature on

the voter

Identified that the

proposed ruleset

did not incorporate

references to the

voter registration

master card.

Rep. Ann Bollin

Written

R 168.21

registration master

card.

Revised: 12-21-20

Added language

clarifying that

signatures on

Expresses concern

that, as drafted, the

ruleset allowed a

signature on an

absentee voter

ballot application

that had not been

verified against the

signature in the

Qualified Voter File

to serve as a

absent voter ballot

applications can

only be used to

verify signatures

on absent voter

ballot envelopes if

the signature on

the application has

been checked

Rep. Ann Bollin

Written

R 168.21

signature for

against and

verifying a

determined to

signature on an

absent voter ballot

envelope.

match the

signature in the

Qualified Voter

File.

Added a second

statutory reference

to clarify that the

ruleset applies to

both absent voter

ballot applications

and absent voter

ballot envelopes.

Adds language

clarifying that the

election officials

retain discretion to

make the final

Identifies an

inconsistency in

the statute

references and the

language used in

the ruleset.

Shira Roza, on

behalf of Promote

the Vote

Written

R 168.22(1)

Expresses concern

that the ruleset

would prevent an

election official

from rejecting a

signature that the

official believes is

invalid by requiring

a the election

determination

regarding a

signature’s validity,

and clarifying that

the ruleset sets out

a process to follow

in determining

Sen. Ruth Johnson Written

R 168.22(1)

official to presume

the validity of the

signature.

validity but does

not require election

officials to accept

signatures the

election official

believes is invalid.

Clarifies that a

single major non-

Ronna McDaniel,

Written

Expresses concern

that the draft

R 168.23(2)

on behalf of the

2

Republican

National

Committee

ruleset would

require an

matching

characteristic

provides grounds

for an election

official to

determine that a

signature does not

match sufficiently

with the signature

on file.

obviously non-

matching signature

to be accepted if

there was only one

major difference

from the signature

on file, rather than

multiple

differences.

Adds a subsection

explicitly clarifying

the ability of the

clerk to contact a

voter prior to

making a

determination

regarding the

Expresses concern

that the ruleset

does not allow

clerks to contact

voters prior to

making a

determination

about a signature’s

validity.

Barbara Merritt

Written

R 168.22(3)

validity of a

signature.

Clarifies that

redeeming

qualities must be

considered when

determining

Expresses concern

that a clearly non-

matching signature

must be accepted

if a redeeming

whether a provided

signature matches

the signature on

file, but that the

presence of a

redeeming quality

does not require an

election official to

accept an

Sen. Ruth Johnson Written

R 168.23(1)

feature is present.

obviously invalid

signature.

Identifies concern

that the subsection

will be interpreted

to apply only to

absent voter ballot

envelopes, rather

than both

Removes the

reference to

provisional ballot

envelopes to clarify

the subsection

applies to both

envelopes and

applications.

Shira Roza, on

behalf of Promote

the Vote

Written

R 168.24(d)

envelopes and

3

absent voter ballot

applications.

Identifies possible

ambiguity in the

use of the term

“immediately”

without providing a

definition of

“immediately.”

Expresses concern

that a uniform

signature cure

process will not be

available across

the state.

Added subsections

clearly specifying

timelines for

various election

official

responsibilities

under the ruleset.

Adds language

clarifying that all

clerks must accept

the signature cure

form created by the

Secretary of State.

Adds a subsection

clarifying that

Shira Roza, on

behalf of Promote

the Vote

Written

R 168.25

Shira Roza, on

behalf of Promote

the Vote

R 168.26(1)

clerks are

Expresses concern

that the ruleset

does not explicitly

provide protections

for voters with

permitted to make

the same

Mark McWilliams,

on behalf of

Disability Rights

Michigan

accommodations

for the signature

cure process that

they may make for

collecting absent

voter ballot

Written

R 168.26(3)

disabilities.

envelopes.

Persons Submitting Written Comments in Support of Proposed Ruleset

Keith Daenzer, Shira Roza (Promote the Vote), Paula Bowman (League of Women Voters of

Michigan), Christina Schlitt (League of Women Voters of Michigan), Mark McWilliams (Disability

Rights Michigan), Carol Heron, Carmen Kossayda Gudan, Michael Levin, Alan Ells, Michael

Wiese, Brooke Harris (Michigan League of Conservation Voters), Jennifer Townsend, Sam

Ahlquist, Richard Faller , Dorene O'Brien, Barbara Faller, Reates Curry, Lou Porter, Aviva

Sandler, Marilyn Mossman, Diane Sue Kinnamon, Jane Anchill, Denise Yezbick, Lori Boyce,

Mary Jo Durivage, Elaine Melder, Robert C. Anderson , Michela Colosimo, Sandra Daenzer,

Cynthia Kress, Marilyn Westphal, Sandra Dyl, Barbara Hagan, Mary Brown, Susan Jacob, Mary

Kay Davis, James K. O'Reilly , Lon Herman, Ralph Johnson, Dan Cancro, Amir Baghdadchi,

Carolyn Gentry, Darlene Paulauski, Karen Holman, Kevin Deegan-Krause, Kristine McLonis,

Cathy Bowerman, Merilee Griffin, Nancy Mroczkowski, Jan Baumgras, Donna Weingarden,

Orlin Marcus, Jeff Corey, Jared Boot, Karen Marie Jones, Lisa Lawitzke (Bellevue Township

Clerk), Daniel Stefanski, Kirk Lavigne, Pat Parker, Lucas Vanderpool, Bill J Harrod, Margaret

Cecelia Walsh , Michael Shulman, Meryl Berlin, Eleanor G Falit, Andrew Banka, Carol Barbour,

Julia Ludwig, Alan Krohn, Adrian Laurenzi, Colleen Flynn, Judith Bateman, Lisa Jevens,

Michele J. Wells, Elizabeth Benyi, Paul Marquardt, Julie Smith, Judith Andre, Linda Levy, Chris

Copacia, Hank Jallos, Karen Jallos, Tom Welch, Natalie Schoch, Beth Bowen, Anne Throop,

Ethyl Rivera, Francie Cook, Ed Saunders, Peggy Luidens, Neil Levitt, Cathy J. Muha, Dominic

4

Diliberti, Susan Diliberti, Joan Fifelski, Jennifer Snyder, Mary Coffey, Patricia Linna, Ioana

Sonea, Beth Doherty, Zona Scheiner, Naomi Ludman, Marcy Waldinger, Kimberly Daniels, Beth

Anderson, Sara Clark Pierson, Joanne Cromley, Mary O'Neill, Debbie Rosenman, Diane

Massell, Bonnie VanKeersbilck, Richard Murphy, Carole Murphy, Josie James, Karen Obits,

Barbara Isom, Cindy Eby, Kristin Mahoney, Benjamin Gulker, Bneta Davido, Tracy Olsen,

Daniel Segalman, Jennifer Diekman.

Persons Submitting Written Comments in Opposition to Proposed Ruleset¹

Joe Welsh, Tara Kiilunen, Kathy Brooks, Scott George, Leanne Beduhn, Philip Hoffiz, Matt

Halonen, Anne Ackerman, Paula Owen, Roseann Callaghan, kyraamellia19@gmail.com,

Colleen Mulcahy, Carol Knoblauch, Kari West, Judith Walsh, Andrew Halonen, Gary Metzger,

David Halonen, Thomas Konesky, Kathleen Handyside, Jack F. Neveau Ii, Bruce Jones,

Deanne J. Oswald-Debottis, Pam Harpst, G Walsh, Natalie Johnson, Lisa Texas, Leon Kamps,

C Fog, Ken Jonkman, Joyce Jonkman, Carol Garcia, Brenda S Branch, Mary S. Vaughan,

Cornish Gayle Albano, Wonda F. Branch, Paul Okoniewski, Michele Okoniewski, Sierra

Okoniewski, Jessie Okoniewski, Shari Paulsen, Raymond Bryde, Michelle White, James Doner,

Kerry Kuzak, Kathleen Parrottino, Judy Hudecz, Lori Levi, Claude Fish, Doug Sharrott, David

Martin, John Baldwin, Andrea Smith, Valentin Dumitrescu, Rebecca Simkins, Ryan Serge,

Elizabeth Joseph, Daniel Pattison, Shane Ross, Melanie Sage, Denie Perkola, Gary Alan,

Broderick Johnson, Colleen Quinn, Shelly Stanley, Mark Jerding, Kimberly Townsend, Melissa

Beckley, Dan Nickels, Thomas Sullivan, Rodney Sherwood, John Michalek, Shayne Doorn,

Mina Postman, Bonnie Burgess, Susana Bercea, John Buckley, Wendy Baker, Cash Harvey,

Anna Pennala, Karen Dennis, Patricia Little, John Harris, Tami Huf, Andrew Kujawiak, Robert

Brush, Harriet Austin, Robert Micknak, Randall Vanmourik, Jill Horton, Barbara Carter, Paul

Kolb, Ellie Nicoloff, Jackie Gales, Nancy Tiseo, Antoinette Connolly, Charles Wright, David

Janman, Stephen O'Neill, Nsncy Faber, Lisa Bruck, Penny Demario, Brenda Branch, Charles

Schunck, Nancy Maier, Amy Rice, Kristi Neely, Leo Ohlendorf, Vicky Gorsuch, Barbara

Ellsworth, Lise Tetrault, Christy Petill, Stacey Klein, Susan Nickels, Samuel Burkett, Trudy

Foley, Ryan Krafft, Leonard Corwin, John Hawkinson, Duane Cross, Bobby Penrod, Cheryl

Spotts, Shawn Tidey, Barbara Doyle, Brittney Perkins, Christine Johnson, James Dishman,

Sally Barbo, Ellen Brace, Jean Dehaan, Patrick Decker, Kathleen Caldwell, Donald Eichstaedt,

Chris Thibodeau, Shannon Faaa, Beth Striegle, Benjamin D. Phenicie, Kathy Jacksey, Sandra

Helzerman, Lisa Luks, Sandra Bonkowski-Koelzer, Amy Waldo, Cari Wiersema, Susan Sterner,

Lisa Finn, Ted Vandenberg, Patricia Pickelmann, Michael Koenes, Susann Young, Marven

Yatooma, Joseph Cunnings, James Sterner, Shannon Mcclintock, Shelly Moreland, Jared Allen,

Janine Bradbury, Karmen Kinsey, David Richardson, Deborah Barone, Sheila Pomaranski, Lori

Bucalo, Constance Hill-Coryell, Meryl Way, Jane May, Bonnie Kendall, Jennifer Kalee, Serena

Schwartz, William Hamlin, Amy Goodrich, Nancee Mooney, Michael Dietz, Mary Henman,

Stencil Douglas, Martha Radtke, Maria Vulaj, Alex Yarber, Julie Meredith, Ron Foster, Andrea

Dumitrescu, John Chapin, Glenn Fye, drkew1@comcast.net, Steve Paquette, Meghan Reckling,

Anna Graziosi, Barbara Harburg, John Harburg, Steve Cencich, Anne Langlois, Keith Eichholz,

Patricia Fuson, Greg Kett, Nick Kamps, Marilynn Pavlov, Anita Spehar, Ken Stults, Cyndy Ross,

Eric Gerwin, Robert Esselink, Bryan Boyl, Susan Rockwell, Martin William, Laurie Katerberg,

Susan Watrous, Katie Valencia, Mary Alstead, Cynthia Pettit, Agnes Marko, Kathleen Walega,

Wanda Kett, Wanda White, David Thomas, Octavian Dumitrescu, Kathleen Haller, Dean

¹A number of comments submitted via email did not include a discernable full name; the email address of those

comments is included here.

5

Schrauben, Pat Smith, Shelly Mason, Carol Towns, Saralee Rehkopf, Nancy Dyer, Carol

Dukarski, Gary Gerds, James Ashby, Seth Vankoevering, Robert Goryca, Sarah Springer, Jc

Bradley, Stephen Lance, Randy Rice, Kathy Yesh, Frank Blake, Beth Anderson, Daniel

Dobbins, Devora Dumitrescu, Thomas Berta, Kris Mahoney, Edward Kehoe, Cecile Jean,

Michael Laethem, Gloria Hensley, Nita Kitson, Joe Michaels, Denise Thornton, Annette

Lebaron, Marsha Young, Brian Young, Joe Torrice, Susan Moss, Gayle Adams, Shannon

Kilpela, Joann Mehki, Dianne Schley, Mary Vaughan, Paul Potter, Erin Rockwell, Dawn Steffes,

Timothy Quinn, Warren Patton, Kristina Smith, Leonard Knotwood, David Stamp, Diane

Sheppard, Kahleen Tenaglia, Bruce Atherton, Jola Britton, Susan Childers, Jennifer Corwin,

Lesley Heinonen, Ty W. Krauss, Andrew Warber, Glenn Laffy, Hank Levine, Geri Cerilli, Gregg

Kebler, Johannah Smith, Margaret Urban, Taylor Almy, Michelle Dekuiper, Rebecca Marsland-

Hill, Daniel Boes, Mark Reiman, Steven Legal, James Bliss, Cindy Ankoviak, Dorthea Harvey,

Nathan Tithof, Angela Eckles, Don Kebler, Beverly Postema, Nathaniel Bean, Sarah

Schrotenboer, Steven Van Houten, Marie Gravel, Paul Lubienski, Joseph Coyle, Angeline

Smith, Jessica Sharpe, Trisha Cuellar, Gina Brooks-Kwolek, Christine Winowiecki, Charles

Weddle, Patty Steffes, Linda Martin, Deanna Cypher, Lisa Palmer, Dave Ruhle, Rebecca

Dunlavy, Robert Payne, Sharon Hile, Curt Michaels, Pamela Bycraft, Sarah Husman, Sean

Kuhl, Marie Barrett, Heather Ciantar, Steve Kincius, Earl Tipper, Dennis Little, Miller Marilyn,

Judith Burns, Ross Greenstein, Beth Johnson, Floyd Behmlander, Gloria Folding, Yvonne Rush,

Patrick Collings, Dennis Ross, Gina Brewer, Elaine S. Page, Anne Howarth, Jana Leining, Linda

Nimmerguth, Kris Mcbride, Pat Schultz, George Jewett, Maureen Hill, Gloria Zapata, Dorothy

Koprowicz, Joe Barge, Sandra Rogowski, Rick Morris, Erick Fair, Kim Corey, Nicholas Robison,

Albert Maier, Susan Penegor, Todd Hyde, Lisa Zulcosky , Roland Johnson , Dianna Solmes,

Joseph Riker, Tammy Beal, Kelly Farver, Stephen Ghostley, Patricia Denny-Diget, Lynnae

Haveman, Julie Redinger, Amanda Horton, Robert Netzel , Connie Langeland, Gail Peura, Jodi

Raymond, Susan Wiegers , Denise Wardosky, Patrick Devota, Jennifer Kittredge-Hageman,

Karla Perez-King, Mary Jo Marchetti , Betsy Southern , No Change No Change, Rebecca

Steele, Kelly Joseph-Tirador , Bronwyn Groeneveld, Patty Preuss, Mark Pallo, Dawn Vollmer,

Shannon Setlock , Rachel Pridr, Ryan Anderson, James Barnard , Joel Hugen, Misty Vogel,

Kathleen Nelson , Sarah Wyma, Jaime Pilbeam , Lacey Rabie, Lindsey Armstrong, Stephanie

Debrabander, Noah Cecil, Esther Fenwick, Dawn Barnhouse, Janie Wakefield , Steve Tugan,

Sharon Howdyshell, Dennis Howdyshell, Debbie Sewers , Amie Ackerman, Gerard Essiambre,

Judith Martin, Donna Kauzlarich, Brook Burg, Rhea Rinke, Elaine Nabor, Carol Kauzlarich, Hall

Derkin, Richard Kirby, Jason Fine, Stephen Sawdon, John Stokes, Patricia Roelofs, Carol

Wooten, Mark Outman, Nancy Schuyten, Rachel Itabashi-Campbell, Charlene Malen, Marie

Hackleman, Rep. Ann Bollin, Donald E. Malen, Rose Batdorff, Judith A. Knupp, Donald P

Mcgaffey, Sen. Ruth Johnson, Sandy Kiesel, Michael Stocke, Brenda Nora, Brittany Moon,

Carolyn Shettler, Frank Ward, Ronna Mcdaniel (Republican National Committee), Leslie

Kovalski, Pat Doran, Barbara Cabrera, Briana Mignacca, Jacob Cheriyan, Dennis Degrazia,

Lynn Hargrave, Susan Topoleski, Connie Robinson, Kathleen Daavettila, Janet Bader, Rita

Jeffrey, Kathleen O'Laughlin, Beverly Moss, Mark Fosdick, Robin Stockman, Roxanne Lynn,

Cheryl Ann Goss, Laura Norcutt, dude4liberty@protonmail.com, Cindy Rubis, Kathleen Hurst,

Constance Salley, Joe Buckmaster, Joseph Bridgman, Cathy Cook, Marty Lemire, Seth Van

Koevering, Keith Cowgar, Michele Blond, Norma Wallis, Bill Wright, Oj Lenze, Elaine Voight,

Michael Clinesmith, Frank Gonzales Jr., Karen Waldo, Robin Evancoe, Kyle Ebner, Todd

Hoogland, Bill Wiesner, Sue Brunken, Susan Scerbo, John Garbacik, Jodi Pietila, Thomas

Econom, Susan Gibson, Ken Knauf, Deborah Plaver, Lee Grikschat, Colette Ciaramitaro,

6

Yvonne Black, Jennifer Isbell, Doug Murphy, Theodore Timmis, Trudy L. Hershberger (Bedford

Township Clerk'S Office), Nancy L. Gin (Bedford Township Clerk'S Office), Angie Dec (Bedford

Township Clerk'S Office), Russ Wiedmaier, Sandra J Mcneely, Mike Dolan (Hamburg Township

Clerk), Lynne Salmonson, Rebecca Behrends, Scott R Bryce, Lucy Cwiklinski, Anotaly

Smolitsky, Ed Davison Jr, Janet E Nimke, Julie Atkinson, Courtney Czarnik, Eric Cole,

beanslucky@yahoo.com, Richard J. Bosler, Elizabeth Hundley (Livingston County Clerk), Ann

Miller, chrismiracle1617@gmail.com, Sharon L Suffolk, Mary Boggio,

brendacesaretti@yahoo.com, Ronald Rissman, Leslie White, Jennifer Mishic, Dennis Quehl,

Charles Kummer, Christine Pokriefka, Mary Quehl, Norm Seiler, Jeff Witters, Richard Baker,

Susan Heitman, Artur Gilroy, Luella Gilroy, Jill Carlson, Frank Nido, Rob Wenger, Michael

Martin, Karie Carter, gemkeno@gmail.com, Ron Bashista, Karen Bashista, Pamela Ewing,

David Hudgins, Joan Stinnett, Kathie Grant, Ramon F. Rolf Jr., Roxanne Dufort, Elizabeth Scott,

Dan Renel, David Walus, Kimberlee Miracle, Ann Kuenker, Allan Saroki, Maoping Ran, Nathan

Booth, Julianne Villani, Thomas Lucas, Marlene Palicz, Theresa Bills, Patricia Borowy, Don

Olson, Barbara Ulatowski, Sarah Depalma, hannahhah@comcast.net, Marsha Mckinley, Julie

Fernandez, Jeremy Drinkard, Janice Moser, Mary E. Donnelly, Terrence M. Donnelly, Bill

Vanhorne, Denise Warren, Kevin Stewart, Robert Price, Larry R. Hull, Paul Cordes (Michigan

Republican Party), William Gordon, David G Halford, Lori Shaffer, Michael Smith, Marcus Puste,

Jeremy Domonkos, Greg Donahoe, David Deal, Maria Letcher, Beth Felix, Jennifer Biddinger,

Jason Welter, blama531@gmail.com, John Poelstra, Louise Pastula, Renee Rodenhoue, Deb

Mcmurphy, Pat Pearson, Josetta Fraley, Peter Kepic, Eugene Selasky, Peggy Stemick (Bay De

Noc Township Clerk), Ann Trudeau, Tina Couch, Pamela Faupel, Robert Darnell, Pamela J

Dewald, Thomas E. May, Angela Spires, Stephen Younghusband, Donna Smallwood, Robin

Metz, Mitch Deperno, Elizabeth J. Matick, Donald Clark, Jeri Bauld, Barbara Merritt, Mark

Stradtner, Diane M. Siladke, E. Robert Sildake, James M. Cavellier, W Michael Mcbride, Linda

Mcdade, Edward J. Shehab, Jj Stempien, Vickie Kahle , Jane Frost, Ginny L. Batcheller,

Tammy L. Beal (Marion Township Clerk), Tina Smith, Shaun Halaberda, Louis Urban, Madelyn

Thomas, Trisha Martin, Kristie Walls, Stefanie Huffaker , Richard Soisson , Leah Riley, Mark

Van Den Branden, Mark Dabrowski, Tracy Klakulak, Marion Romaine Mccredie, Jeanette

Mateer, Susan Farquhar, Marque Cryderman, Donna Cryderman, Brett Wierschke, Kritstel

Wiesner, Shelley Wierschke, Rosanne Ward, Cassandra Mullins, Carla S. Fields, Joanne

Econom, Ronald Reynolds, Alicia Lomasney, Krista Soroka, Jeffrey Laho, Stacey Laho, Steven

Duguid, sduguidmail@gmail.com, Kevin C. Noe, Pam Dreyer, Heather Gneco, Cheryl Drew,

Steven Joyner, airsense00@gmail.com, Sandra Delisi, Bryan Pender, Alex Potter, Cara Besh,

Gary Was, Talon Harvey, Patrick Macaluso, William Hartmann, Jeff Hudgins, Ellen West, Nicole

Lawson, Gary Hyde, Steve Mcwethy, Sandy Grulke, Geoffrey Peters, Tom Werthman, Louis

Avallone, Douglas Bird Jr, Kimberly Cousino (Erie Township Clerk), Adam Smith, Adam De

Angeli, Stephen Meyer, Sarah Koetsier, Jody Bennett, Daniel Koetsier, Robert Renkola,

Christina Monnig, Jewel Fritz, Adam Parker, June Lauer, Angela Gillisse, Carol Bortolon, Gloria

Vos, Debbie Buckingham, Jerry Duck, Dave Coddington, Mark Gerhard, Nicole Reed, Debbie

Coddington, Patricia Dietz, Linda L Williams, Terri Seldon, Amy Devries, Jamie Chamberlain,

Cynthia Brewer, Jason Whitlow, Sharon Paniwozik, Amber Lepard, Fernando Campos, Andrea

Walter, John Furness, Stephanie Jasky, Taimi Demeuse , Charlotte Adolf, Ronald Lewis, Imelda

Flint, Myron Rau, Denise Bach, Gary Kopta, Laurie Cole, Rufus Barton, Mary Guerra, Sonja

Patrick, Michael Grzech, Marvin Rubingh, Sarah Lasalle, George Moore, John Panzica, Christy

Englert, Rosemarie Ashley, David Bartilson, James Thomas, Lori Simpson, Wesley Whittaker,

Karen Furuhjelm, Aaron Fekaris, Jeffery White, Daniel Susko, Jim Maher, Glenda Forsten, Patti

7

Warmington, Mark Moore, Donna Lesko, Barbara Hendricks, Darrell Eland, Linda Eland,

Margaret Taylor, Jerald Vanblarcom, Christine Reis, Lynn Sauve, Diane Declerck, Robin Mauer,

Keith Stieber, Dale Robart Ii, Jarvis Williams, Carole Johnson, Marie Geitman, Mary J Bradley,

Sharon Waligora, Mary Harp, Kristyn Hall, Joel Dorfman, Karl Mehlig, Hilary Cranmore, Janie

Sluiter, Emily V, Lois R. Hills, Marc Richey, Rosmarie Robertson, Lori Pranger, Steven Greer,

Tim Bradshaw, William Shillaire, Bill Yerabek, Dana Wingo, Karen Morren, Betty Gusho, Linda

Hahn, Kristen Thorson, Lisa Stechschulte, Tom Yost, Brian Pannebecker, Emily Neiman, John

Lannon, August Kalohn, Mary T Andrews, Therese Wolak, Ward Wolak, Gerald Schlaf, Anna

Hicks, Mary Wolf, Renee Kotula, Carol Johns, Jason Rogers, Kenneth Augustine, Jill Stout,

Mary Layher, Richard Layher, Mary Venema, Racheal Whittaker, Bonnie Schramm, Deborah

Ryan, Beverly Dies, Nicole Kamego, Mike Egan, Lois Wierenga, Robert Walk, Robert Foote,

Hedwig Downing, Adonna Houle Scamehorn , Diana Burton, Elton Hicks, James Herrema,

Brenda Raymond, Cindy Geering, Ladonna Even, Kristi Loebig, Craig Eros, Mark Davis,

Michael Laduc, Monica Guza, Karla Donawa, Diann Randall, Martina Mulligan, Ivan Secord,

Keith Tillinger, Marcia Jobe, Sally Hosack, Gary Jobe, Elizabeth Felix, Elizabeth

Rozmarniewicz, Richard Stojonic, Nancy Bouwman, Barbara Barber, Maureen Crandall, Fadwa

Gillanders, Linda Champion, Linda Sheppard, Theresa Kondel, Dean Sliger, Ronda Holcomb,

Sherry Mckinnon, Ken Cooper, Donald Hoffman, Daniel Russ, Steven Forsten, Linda Craig,

Julie Brinkmeier, Aj Mix, Valerie Latnie, Viviane Cuenca, Cynthia Gioia, Milt Fuehrer, Carla

Johnson, Janie Kline, Terrence Gillay, Kristen Carson, Karen Wilson, Susan Marsh, Sharon

Conklin, Holly Mimnaugh, Randall Zempel, Dennis Rice, Karenbea Sewell, Denise Caputo-

Cuenca, Jodie Tasich, Dee Davey, Carol Stoeckle, Heather Sharp, Julie Duprey, Kristene

Walton, Adam Westmoreland, Steve Boeve, Christine Pelowski, Linda Perry, Georgianna

Walker, Linda Baty, Merlin Steffes, Bill Richardson, Angela Thornton, Karen Wiebenga, Brian

Szuch, Nancy Banks, David R. Munroe, Christopher Schornak, Kim Croy, Sharon Houck, Susan

Oden, Nanette Lillie, Janis Hruby, Antony Blazevic, Meredith Smedley, Ervin Habada, Patrice

Johnson, Karen Parker, Jim Allen, Judy Keyes, Amy Lentine, Kenneth Koster, Jeanne Childs,

Ken Prox, Kenneth Collison, D. Thomas, Marie Caruso, J. Thomas, S. Thomas, Rodolfo Bahr,

Thomas Jones, Barry Doherty, Kellie Nichols, Sandra Sal, Jennifer Allam, Lynne Mulder, Shawn

Corlew-Vanheyningen, Tina Russo, Marilyn Alvey, Yvonne Henderson, Katie Seppanen,

Richard Bosler, Edward Bosler, Marc Boone, Stephanie Pietila, Joel Pietila, Susan Hefling, Paul

Dwaihy, Carl Mintz, Caroline Lepard, Catherine Allam, Michael Halt, Michelle Plumb, Patty

Mcmurray, Robert Traurig, Marinell Schafer, Jeffery Vega, Ella Wolffis-Hughes, Rene Mckale,

Rosemary Fiscus, Pamela Otero, Michael Biehl, Shelly Burkett, Janine Kiilunen, Paulette Olah,

Anne Berger, Dan Lester, Steven Sioma, Robert Williams, Sandy Stuart, Mandy Huisinga,

Katherine Cole, Monica Polk, Claudia Milburn, Lisa S, Mary Tuinier, Julie Groves, David Ryan,

Kimberly Oosterbaan, Carol Gepford, Ron Gepford, Alena Anderson, Marcia Frantti, Scott

Gormley, Steven Selders, Maureen Springer, Jim Johnson, Brittini Sutherland, Amy Johnson,

Loretta Brighton, Marianne Christy, Tim Mauro-Vetter, Celia Raisanen, Raymond West, Warren

Frank, Brandon Surowiec, Judy Erickson, Phillip Lucaroni, Nicole Rothschild, Melissa Tomczak,

Todd White, Jennifer Boeve, Thomas Deyoung, Timothy Beaver, Gloria Lowe, Bill Best, Amos

Poole, Gretchen Pietila, Debra Haraszkiewicz, Rosemarie Oelberg, Susan Sturos, Steve Van

Belle, Mark Renne, Vanda Yaroch, Carolyn Wallenwine, M Lundquist, Robert Hosack, Julie

Braun, Robert Dillenbeck, Lynda Browning, Jenny Lessard, Dwight Brooks, Mary Haan, Mike

Lee, Duncan Yaxley, Barbara Yagley, Helmut Wolf, John Bryce, Angela Kennedy, Jerry Miklosi,

Christine Seiter, Blake Robberts, Scott Henson, John Susko, Joseph Cozart, Catherine Hicks,

Cindy Rivers, Christine Cushman, Stephen Brownell, Wanda Turcotte, Daniel Castillo, Suzanne

8

Bauch, Keith Krauter, Janet Vereecken, Todd Brechtelsbauer, Damian Kassab, Glenda Carter,

Dawn Batcho, Troy Warren, Kathleen Smith, Mary Jones, Scott Peters, Laura Blackburn, Robert

Harris, Ellen Klebba, Cori Dailey, Ronald Burke, Donna Beauchamp, Linda Holody, Carrie

Fraser, Valarie O'Donnell, Brian O'Donnell, Sally Cardella, Phyllis Andrus, Earlina Velting, John

Reitman, David Samson, Judy Storm, Martha Demiro, Daren Rubingh, Julia Kelly, Kathy

Swartz, April Macomber, Ronald Hoge, Maria Russell, Harry Kerlin, Beth Orth, Michael Bailey,

Erin Macgregor, Deborah Kassab, Steven Sprotberry, Susan Fuller, Jennifer Essary, Marsha

Spannagel, Keith Sotiroff, Paula Knapp, Kris Hammis, Jennifer Mcnaughton, Raymond

Koczynski, Lori Warner, James Bailey, Kenneth Lloyd, K. Klumpp, Sue Farnham, Deb Chandler,

Sharyl Van Vechten, Bob Komendera, Kimberly Madsen, Rosemarie Deloof, Kim Solmen, Jay

Taylor, Kevin Breslin, Roberta Weiksner, Nancy Gruits, Margaret Schram, Joan Otto, Catherine

Bela, David Agema, Karen Pietila, Julie Lynn, Kim Baker, Beth Nuccio, Mr & Mrs Steve Braun,

Micheal Brown, Tim Sterner, Roxann Lynn, Ina Cussen, Mary Beth Potrykust, Laura Shiel, Sue

Wiker, Beverly Ferrari, Tracy Meengs, Lila Vanetten, Laurie Cunnings, Dale Groh, Kathleen

Sansonetti, Joseph Sansonetti, David Dick, Paul Dick, Patricia Watta, Todd Priest, Cindy

Vanblaircum, Lori Pesci, Sue Bomhof, Judy Yanachik, Gerald Vanblaircum, Dom Allam,

Stephen Pribble, Joi Pokerwinski, Thomas Farnham, Germaine Koenigsknecht, Karen

Chittenden, Timothy Smith, Heather Wills, Julie Stenske, April Peacock, Brigid Cullen, Sharon

Herrema, Yvonne Ollivier, Kevin Farnham, Jean Jackovich, Susan Leidlein, Jennifer Landers,

Jill Aho, Brian Anderson, James Machin, Mary Conner, Ted Sturos, Randy Mcclellan, Tara

Mero, Micheal Cameron, Brad Lethorn, Mary Horvath, Janet Newman, Francis Newman, Tamra

Reinbold, Ron Lethorn, Elden Tervo, Mark Mather, Karl Raab, Arthur Sylver, Alexa Anderson,

Jessica Aiello, Lane Lauer, Christine Bonk, Sarah Dudash, Jeffery Anderson, Catherine

Demattia, Kathryn Kennedy, Andrea Lechvandyke, Ben Brock, Shelli Schirmer, Tom Capaldi,

Mary Morang, Pamela Johnson, Blair Sobleskey, Cristy White, Kelly Clapsaddle, Judith Tully,

Jerald Warnemuende, Donald Brown, Robert Mallow, Thomas Sakala, Mary Sakala, Astrid

Kotulski, Dennis Groh, Cara Mcalister, Patricia Everett, Michael Brzoska, Philip Monnin, Jessica

Spangler, Pat Ciampa, David Mirku, Kris Henderson, Tiffany Rice, Dave Henderson, Thomas

Becker, Thomas May, Michele Paterson Brown, Michael Patterson, Carolyn Coselman,

Elizabeth Szews, Mary Rozendal, Rick Bobinac, Catherine Given, Glenn Yurik, Pamel

Decuypere, Sharon Haynes, David Nichols, Devon Sioma, Henry Schwarz, Joel Warnemuende,

Hans Hellenberg, Myron Zolkewsky, Brian Pendergraff , Francine Grysen, Mihail Stanescu,

Dorene Weisberg, Cheryl Milosch, Chavon Murray, Philip Anderson, Darcy Hodges, Carole

Groh, Eileen Feldpausch, Brian Pieper, G. Walsh, Lauren Pendergraff, Rachael Goetz, Bridget

Coffey, Joy Shreve, Janice Fitzgerald, Beverly Deboer, Janette Avery, Sarah Westlake, Michelle

Nellis, Robert Smith, Rosemary Endicott, Leslie Troyer, Judith Moerdyk, Martin Szarek,

Christine Heyboer, Lisa King, Jean Leonard, Heidi Vandermaas, Judy Younglove, Joyce Bane,

Deborah Coe, Maria Berkemeier, Sherry York, James Voe, Dennis Vandermaas, Colette

Dempsey, Deb Kamer, Bradley Armstrong, Patti Steinmayer, Brian Van Kirk, Heather Smiley,

Karen Smith, Janine Iyer, Cynthia Malmquist, Eleanor Williams, Richard Strock, Dennis

Lundquist, Julee Fietsam, Felicia Frizzell, Tammy Gilbert, Shana Ditullio, Julie King, Lindajane

Pierson, Ann Garrison, Rose Tepastte, Matt Verdura, Sheree Norris, Kimberly Bowles, Lisa

Imerman, Nathan Dudash, Elizabeth Westlake, Anne Chapman, Susan Graham, Katherine Bair,

Roxanne Westlake, Karin Valenti, Adrina Raymond, Leslie Holliday, Valerie Belcarz, Susan

Wilkinson, Diana Bordeaux, Susan Fix, Nicole Bonnivier, Deborah Elenwood, Darlene Heath-

Meyers, Nancee Mascorro, George Skene, Douglas Campbell, Jessica Mauer, Tamara

Nottingham, Beverly Baird, Tawni Brooks, Paula Lusk, Karen Orofino, Geraldine Dixon, Jerry

9

Jakuszeski, Julie Asberry, Laura Stanley, Christopher Kay, Sandra Justine Ypma, Leo Garry,

Maria Wagner, Anne Schaibly, Monica Yatooma, Pete Schaibly, Erica Bolanos, Jennifer Kotrch,

Ken Gothman, James Stefani, Anthony Puma, Joe Szarek, Lori Puma, Eugene Muczinski, Don

Sugg, Eric Briskey, Andrea Bassette, Christina Powell, Kimberly Gray, Mark Samyn, Francesca

Lutz, Joshua Thomas, John Liposky, Lisa Hamill, Carol Bazzani, Brent Fuller, Sharron

Boyagian, Dea Crittenden, Peter Cundari, Kathy Ford, Alena Russo, Steve Wierenga, Susan

Wiegers, John Fournier, Danny Callahan, Julie Rice, Heather Chadwick, Deanna Engelman,

Rhonda Phillips, Ardith Degraff, Annemarie Loria, James Edington, Chris Steinmayer, Kurt

Koster, John Kiryanoff, Audrey Giannola, Ana Mccardell, Joseph Carron, Joan Jordt, Kelly

Dobson, Carolyn Kirin, Karen Mcmurray, Karen Thibodeau, Christina Biernacki, Vicky Howard,

Mike Fuehrer, Maxwell Fuehrer, Kristi Prins, Beth Fuehrer, Diane Chrzanowski, Bonnie Gall,

Rachel Cornelius, Victoria Murray, Susan Worley, Jeff Springer, James Arnold, Eileen Meyer,

Theresa Plunkett, Bob Zabik, Thomas Plunkett, Connor Plunkett, Deborah Parker, Eileen

Plunkett, Sandra Bockelman, Daniel Plunkett, Brendan Plunkett, Donna Cukrowski, Maeve

Plunkett, Ronan Plunkett, Francisco Rodriguez, Joyce Haarsma, Deanna Mastromatteo, Robert

Brines, Greg Gosser, Dennis Hughey, Lori Mourey, Deborah Bloomfield, Jeanine Deal, Judith

Holstege, Nicole Chrisman, David Boothe, Edward Polce, Joyce Cassin, Jean Mitchell, Natalie

Rascher, Steven Kaercher, Ann Hayes, Ruth Rondon, Terri Longfellow, Christine Neitzel,

Tamar Doulette, Bruce Harris, Paul Desjardins, Daniel Crannie, Julie Wilkinson, Carole

Robberts, Carlos Aguinaga, Lisa Ortquist, Teresa Bowser, Judith Lachniet, Mary Cupery,

Dennis Cupery, Gyla Demetrak, Jayme Smith, Brian Lokar, Dave Gillean, Elizabeth Werick,

Katherine Doorn, Rob Noble, Valerie Gleason, Cheryl Rentschler, Stan Hughes, Robert

Rentschler, Janet Recktenwald, Laura Lee, David Doulette, Cheryl Fregolle, John Clancy, Lisa

Lehman, Eric Block, Karen Freeze, Adam Moore, Joseph Mastrogiacomo, Ralph Freeze, Susan

Heath, Tom Kott, Greg Mcquiston, June Tidd, Loris Jidas, Alice Dentel, David Roddy, Troy

Mcpherren, Chris Glodich, Lydia Taylor, Bianca Stoner, Karen Budzinski, Renee Thomas, Kerri

Gruebner, Vincent Sobolewski, Larry Yugovich, Tereasa Keizer, Catherine Perrou, Paige

Green, Kimberly May, Corey Flynn, Wendy Flynn, Suzette Howton, Nancy Broadbridge, Cindi

Holland, Karl Kersch, Dolli Kettron, Casey Ambrose, Cathy Capone, Karen Windschmitt, Linda

Lunde, Laura Wright, Mary Ruhlman, Stephanie Vandine, Kimberly Strosnider, Sheryl Wilt,

Darrell Johnson, Christine Meppelink, Penelope Misner, Barbara Uren, Kim Davies, Cheryl

Partin, Audrey Powell, Mary Difrancesco, Victoria Lacosse, Mary Ellen Landon, Kimberly Laten,

Duane Peltier, David Lonier, Dirk Eerdmans, Kathleen Boll, Anne Earle, Karl Lerchenfeld, Julie

Schiller, Timothy Mol, Craig Miller, Matthew Schoech, Renee Anderson, Amy Whisker, James

Burmeister, Stephen Gleason, Roderick Barcelona, Vicki Badgley, Darren Schmidt, Gail

Mancini, Heidi Barnes, Shirley Wright, Janet Wojciechowski, Betty Hyatt, Bonnie Saco, Kristine

Macmillan, Marla Thyrion, Sharran Krueger, Lynda Beck, Juliana Moore, Denise Burdick,

Dianna Zachrey, David Ellenwood, Susan Enz, Susan Eversole, Judith Skene, Sean

Mcnaughton, Terry Maag, Wendy Vidovic, Morley Stevenson, Paul Difflipp, Peggy Frazier,

Shawn Wiacek, Amanda Waugaman, Richard Doman, Irene Jarvis, Theresa Kelley, Holly

Thomet, Sarah Cox, Natalia Powers, Linda Hutchison, John Kirk, Lucy Beasley, Jeffrey

Beasley, Janet Dascenzo, Tonya Newberry, Valerian Ursu, William Powers, Doreen Wright,

Wendy Way, Linda Dascenzo, Ivan Niemela, Brenda Finkbeiner, Rebecc Akers, Kristin

Baranski, Dena Giancotti, Marlene Gabriel, Sally Bernard, Mary Klumpp, Gina Hubbs, Michael

Neibel, Karyn Chopjian, Salvatore Giannola, Thomas Aylward, Lisa Gahn, Kelly Bax, Lonnie

Kline, Athena Kewley, Patty Mccracken, Tabatha Sieracki, Susan Ervin, Kathleen Jusino, Kristin

Dulay, Merry Insixiengmay, Ronald Howdyshell, Edward Kroll, Richard Eaton, Barbara

10

Meinema, Susan Williamson, Joseph Guerra, Patrick Paalam, Brenda Terpstra, Christina Koch,

Kimberly Dubs, Richard Soisson, Brittany Kinnunen, Ann Mauro-Vetter, Kathy Flynn, Lauren

Syget, Thomas Hoover, Carley Fardell, Betty Knapp, Barbara White, Jeff Woloshen, James

Komendera, Sheila Tabone, Kellie Wasielewski, Ethan Hobson, Tom Smith, Walter Huffman,

Gerald Vander Hoek, Diane Mills, Karen Blakeman, Mary Yonkers, Ann Schmid, Michael

Mcmahon, Peter Smith, Kimberly Stephens, Tamara Snowden, Barbara Yankee, Kim Brown,

Kimberlee Dahlke, Jane Thelen, Kay Humphrie, Lynda White, Marsha Leppr, Meribeth Bolt,

Amy Jo Zelmer, Robert Rohn, Jim Mishler, Betty Yager, Marsha Cizauskas, Julie Block, Sarah

Toth, Michele Whyte, Lynda Bojovic, Susan Ferro, Robert Byers, Jeffrey Degabriele, Patricia

Palmer, Susan Moore, Linda Clark, Richard Lenardson, Lori Pelon, Gregory Conklin, Frank

Austin, Arlene Pearson, J. Koterba, Rachel Kewley, William Vockel, Theresa Hill, Joel Sanford,

Darrell Metzer, Joan Weaver, Brenda Demorest, Paula Rowland, Linda Berch, Brian Root,

Patricia Rathwell, Sally Reid, Cindy Muzzo, Johanna Clarke, Carla Chesney, Karen Hammond,

Marcia Ralya, Leah Veprauskas, John Calhoun, Steven Gray, Laura Mortimer, Devin Doughty,

Aaron Swank, Laurel Wozny, Vicki Harkey, Gregory Leitz, Cindy Babcock, Sandra Streifel,

Rachelle Morales, Kathleen Bartolomucci, Tammy Rashid, Marlene Rofe, Francis Fortier, Karen

Shephard, Zach Carson, Chantal Gieleghem, Janet Dennings, Jay Canter, Barbara Nelson,

Thomas Grant, Gary Gardner Ii, Gary Gardner Sr., Donald Mcgill, Peppy Fahoome, George

Gomez, Alfred Lemmo, Michele Czupinski, Larry Fuson, Jeff Essenmacher, Eugene Szamiel,

Kristie Davis, Donna Clark, Patricia Schubel, Lori Raby, Kathleen Potts, Ronald Hicks, Stacey

Buc, Avery Ahrens, Marla Mashak, Steven Potrykus, Anne Greenstein, Diane Fennema,

Randolph Mcclure, Ernest Barry, Judith Findora, Paul Mueller, Dennis Frantz, Jeffrey Kyff, Piero

Massacesi, Chad Burtrum, Sally Lamb, Jeff Sczepanski, Brian Devries, Crystal Hall, Bruce

Hartdegen, Pamela Morr, Brenda Berry, Sue Korhorn, Hima Kolanagireddy, Jarvie Bentley,

Marian Mayer, Keri Eskelinen, Cindy Ladd, Terrie Burt, Tamra Ottaway, Lawrence

Warnemuende, Sharon Warnemuende, Stefanie Huffaker, Debra Magnuson, Vivian Witte,

Cherie Wieger, Jennifer Hess, Colleen Wooten, Karen Andrews, Kenneth Andrews, Michael

Paslawski, Susan Quinlan, Michelle Smith, Cynthia Hurley, Daniel Wietecha, Armin Kupisch,

Laurence Leniczek, Lynne Renner, Walter Berndt, Charise Zielinsky, Kelly Campbell, Tammy

Shelton, Pete Lawlis, Drmike Aiello, Joy Childers, David Miller, David Roberson, Martha Usztan,

Kris Clinger, Thomas Murphy, Elizabeth Zydeck, Eugene Greenstein, Scott Davis, Richard

Marshall, Cindy Chard, Brian Gabrion, Matthew Mikolajczak, Kelly Anderson, Jeffrey

Decuypere, Rosemary Sheppard, Pamela Snyder, Kimberly Greer, Debra Machin, James

Kress, Kat Pump, Tom Schafer, George Bonemer, Courtney Blomfield, Beverly Finch, Jane

Gerschick, Susan Lazar, Mari-Ann Henry, Charles Alcini, Robert Dolce, Mary Graunke, Kim

Whitney, Marilyn Orlando, Linda Kleist, Richard Gudrais, Marsha Belchak, Chad Belchak, Tim

Wirsing, Jim Pew, Sheryl Alkema, David Alkema, Robin Cook, Joelle Penney-Wilhelm,

Cathalene Immel, Marybeth Moldenhauer, Harold Fuson, Ronald Colombo, Elizabeth Pfaller,

Judy Gilbert, Martin Szelag, Cindy Erlandson, Debra Ebright, Derek Miller, Tecla Kuhl-Dallaire,

Alan Aubuchon, Stacey Boyd, Evelyn Davis, John Joossens, Sandy Johnson, Mark Curneal,

Brian Wright, Karen Langley, Judith Perreca, David Smith, Angella Sherman, Marla Weber,

Norene Weiss, Karen Broski, Andrew Ditchfield, Margaret Ruthenberg, Gary Mcclure, Michele

Mitchell, Patrick Otenbaker, Robert Mikawa, Dawn Carpenter, Bob Ray, Carol Drenth, James

Morris, Anita Thomas, Marilyn Heyrman, Cindi Akright, Jill Berends, Audrey Broker, Amy Bray,

Barbara Warzywak, Daniel Wolschon, Jackie Bertolini, Neal Bruder, Richard Harris, Thomas

Sparrow, Jeannine Stetz, Grayson East, John Lutz, Linda Kline, Martina Stevenson, Douglas

Shorkey, Lynne Norman, Mark Schubel, Lucas Jones, Beverly Travis, Tony Fountain, Rachelle

11

Doublet, Carrie Perez, Therese Meier, Madeline Manderfield, Chipper Connin, Lawrence Jones,

Steven Mackie, T. Ducharme, Robert Tenaglia, Leeta Von Buelow, Claudia Mccrackin, Kay

Zehr, Sharon Douglas, Dean Blanchard, Norma Wells, Renee Blanchard, Wendy Chetkovich,

Ashley Phibbs, Brittany Kurutz, Frances Greenman, Anita Petrosky, Mary Van Tiflin, Paula

Bettasso, Kathleen King, Josh Packer, Laynie Veitch, Chuck Veitch, Ed Harris, Elaine Harris,

Jennifer Maroun, Gary Maroun, Roger Boyer, Ruth Crum, Kathleen Cooper, Joshua Charchan,

Cynthia Velez, Scot Mcpherson, Jennifer Smutz, Jeff Schaeper, Diane Gabbard, Elizabeth

Davis, Paul Bettes, Susan Sheahan, Frederick A. Baumberger, Gayle Poortenga, Angela

Dewey, John Zupanc, Jeanne Boucher, Barbara Cole, Jill Rebar, Laura Dybevik, Elana

Muehleip, Jason Stanek, Lorie Holt, Jeff Holt, Shirley Frazier, Juna Spencer, Daniel Horvath,

Heather Swank, Brenda Kulbieda, Lawrence Steinhauer, Jacob Leroy, Susan Mckay Schultz,

Peter Marshall, Michael Mack, Glenn Gotshall, Patricia Mallory, Laura Hall, Wendy Thompson,

Shelley Brown, Suzanne Croll, Lori Lubman, Drew Colburn, Mini Joseph-Klee, Michelle

Greenwald, Carol Favor, Kerry Morey, Krystyn Irvine, Heather Wasikowski, Megan Greenwald,

Noor Putris, Colleen Carney, Sam Hinna, Alexandra Scully, Janine Wojtonek, Kristin Schwark,

Doug Carpenter, Aimee Fugate, Jessica Messano, Todd Mclane, Amy Thompson, Roz

Cordova, Gretchen Hebekeuser, Rachelle Hartley, Tammie Watters, Molly Mekoski, Jill Wills,

Lori Grubba, Shannon Fashho, Sheila Goldstein, James Brown Ii, Stephanie Van Daele, J

Bazzell, Janet Beatty, Julie Dwyer, Lori Baggot, Susan Marshall, Lissa Bande, Kyle Mckamey,

Sarah Mckamey, Sue Mckamey, Shank Jean, Keith Bean, Donna Harris, Deborah Grimes,

Jennifer Knapp, Tammy Mathews, Mike Stocke, Philip O'Halloran, Lisa Kuczera, Debra

Bennethum, Anthony Stiel, Carol Colegrove, Jennifer Diegel, Larry Vanwynsberghe, Linda

Dagenhardt, Ann Madsen, Dan Meaney, Eric Mintz, Christine Ye, Candee Williamson, Alissa

Mehlberg, Edward Ladebauche, Deborah Isaman, Jake Yelen, Angela Deling, Kevin Westlake,

Dale Otto, Candace Town, Debra Henderson, Mary Jane Laarman, Connie Weil, Carol Leach,

Tim Kelly, Theresa Bandkau, Ken Savage, James Crosthwaite, Susan Kokinda, Jason

Melecosky, Theresa Deering, Veronica Finch, Kathleen Brutsche, Ronda Haymaker, Jacob

Geiselhart, Debbie Doud, Thomas Donnelly, Mary Mangin, Melissa Brown, Gary Glenn, Joel

King, Jennifer Cramer, Thomas Langley, Carolyn Killey, Alisa Mazur, Deborah Johnson, Marvin

Prins, Sonia Bennett, Margaret Voland, Lawrence Bauer, Brandon Lawson, Stephanie Elkins,

Joan Fabiano, Arlene Katerberg, Sara Lobbezoo, John Dziwanowski, Kim Virkler, Belinda Van

Dore, Curt Lalone, Gabrielle Norton, Darcy Denihan, Jann Felske, Lisa Crillo, Mary Lou Albers,

Carole Porretta, Steve Kaercher, Linda Higbea, Dawn Fulk, Michael Kukulka, Larry Hull,

Richard Tenaglia, Carol Holloway, Tom Rae, Marcia Novak, Jeri Leroi, Tim Bares, Michelle

Skover, Bruce Chamberlain, John Greer, John Haraszkiewicz, Curtis Cross, Diana Shea, Kraig

Smith, Kristi Pepper, Steven Roberts, Suzanne Waltman, Jason Buzzalini, Sarah Cowan, Greg

Brengman, Jim Buck, Marianne Ervin, Ernest Colling, James Beers, Brenda Flynn, Margaret

Broadbridge, Karl Sliter, Jack Pressler, Linda Schwartz, Erica Pardy, Jeannette Feeheley,

Karen Howell, Eric Petersen, Robert Mangin, Danielle Scott, Heather Naegle, Tracy

Assenmacher, Andy Naegle, Birgit Molenaar, Virginia Virkler, Danna Reyes, Elaine Heath,

Dolores Smith, Kimberly Michaud, Roswell Barranco, Nancy Clover, Bobette Hostein, Pamela

Buchholz, Curtis Vanderhoof, David Vaughn, Erin Rose-Willsmore, Julie Buttigieg, Cheryl

Cheesebro, Levi Chapman, Andrew Buttigieg, Mckenna Buttigieg, Timothy Johnson, Anita

Seiler, Brian Brown, John Khoury, Sam Perron, Deborah Moody, Jeff Hollister, Bryan Vogt,

Renee Myers, Mary Carlton, Evelyn Thompson, Randy Costew, Karen Wilbanks, Karen

Hatcher, Beverly Lilly, Carolee Buckey, Deborah Knarian, Robin Alley, Teresa Renaud, Michele

Manhire, Laura Drouillard, Carol Fewless, Jeffery Barnett, Melinda Tulley, Daniel D. Macleish

12

Sr, John Roberts, Cal Morton, Sherry Namy-Fermanian, James Ide, Paul Drouillard, Donna

Lang, Paul Lang, Jimmie Priest Jr, Penny Fish, Jill Brown, Laura Quinn, Shirley Schmidt, Keith

Wood, Nancy Moran, John Bump, John Salomon, Zenda Farrell, Judith Gilland, Richard

Whitehead, Cynthia Haan, Claudia Smith, Laura Calender, Jennifer Hejduk, Christine Higgins,

Elizabeth Bueche, Diana Mohyi, Benjamin Doorn, Ruth Hallett, Richard Shymanovitz, Melissa

Vandam, Jeanne Christie, Maryanne Jorgensen, Carol Oram, Linda Lewis, Donald Lewis,

Nancy Haney, Carole Vander Zwaag, Linda Smith, Frank Ozanich, Mary Bieniasz, Laurie

Andrews, Carol Johnson, Brian Lenardson, Tammy Snell, Gayle Becker, Lisa Noakes, Robert

Cato, Robin Cato, Kristan Getzinger, David Onufry, Jan Brandel, Anne Jackovatz, Catherine

Vaughn, Maureen Kingsbury, Thomas Schulert, Marcia Deyoung, Carolynn Soto, George Geer,

Vickey Priest, Carol Jones, Robert Richardson, Floyd Jones, Michelle Labadie, Janet Breen,

Kathy Hammond, Denise Suminski, Lois Spaulding, Michelle Polent, Maria Menzel-Brown, Molly

Moore, Judith Brecht, Shelley Savage, Robert Courtade, Kathy Marble, Linda Pressler,

Maryellen Ekstrom, Kristopher Harding, Shawn Black, John Boehmer, Chris Berni, Jill Kociba,

Karen Jankauskas, Jan Drogosch, Laurie Martino, Sandra Rumble, Sarah Sorensen, Amber

Jewell, Elizabeth Kik, Sheila Brooks, Theresa Mcpherson, Calvin Achatz, Kathleen Sweazey,

Brian Dubridge, Trenda Eversole, Steve Hilbrands, Paul Kik, Susan Birden, Sandra Syke, Roger

Anderson, Stephanie Folk, Kyle Fussman, Christopher Young, Allan Ruckey, Stephanie Young,

Anne Vanker, Lorraine Kiernan, Carolyn Wilson, Michele Broughman, Cristie Deyoung, Nanette

Chesney, Dale Chesney, Wilma Mcqueen, Antoinette Jacobsen, Emma Garner, Mike Sias,

Sharon Marsh, Jeffrey Pawsat, Christine Potes, Suzanne Pletta, Michael Wood, Jill Kotsis,

Janice Nohovig, Julie Williams, Melanie Carroll, Angela Rokita, Marcia Blackson, Kristin

Cooper, Francis Cizmar, Maura Friedmann, Pam Jacobs, Alan Curtis, Daniel Abraham, Cynthia

Burns, Ann Fox, Joseph Sareny, Steven Cummings, Bryan Lounds, Harold Wolfe, Rosemary

Clayton, Ramon Scola, Rebecca Macdonald, Robert Bethel, Marcia Dykhouse, Wilbert Bayani,

Theresa Bethel, Teresita Bayani, Jarah Jylber Bayani, Linda Smart, Paul Altesleben, Geraldine

Kartes, Thomas Marchesano, Fredrick Brohn, Jason Warnke, David Barna, Paul Allerding,

Jacquelyn Unis, Wauneta Ritter, Karie Rice, Don Jakel, Gerald Friedmann, Kathleen Herrema,

Katherine Arciero, Carlo Arciero, Mike Clark, Michael Deptula, Jessica Kibert, Margie Vernon,

Linda Zimmerman, Terry Tajak, Ardene Eerdmans, Andrew Eerdmans, Sharon Blvins, Brent

Carroll, Joan Rymal, Sandra Festerling, Timothy Ruhlman, Nancy Elfes, Denise Edwards,

Martha Bouchard, Damian Meyer, Jen Tekiele, James Kirila, Allen Pool, Marshall Randall, Carol

Raymond, Terry Vanderslik, Gary Bart, Mike S., Rebecca Smith, Steve Shafer, David Toepfer,

Robert Martin Jr, Kim Myer, Nathan Pine, Pamela Hennip, Glenn Palmer, Serafina Salter, Jane

Emmett, Robin Parkinson, Brenda Brown, Kathleen Kelly, Deborah Queen, William Duffield,

Monica Duffield, Alana Duffield, Dana Ames, Joy Bayani, Stanley Krajewski, Michael Ciccarelli,

Katherine Person, Mary Manoukian, Juan Martin Ruiz Soto, John Bonetti, Robert Ellis, Asuncion

Tidalgo, Loretta Harnden, John Lehman, Peter Deptulsa, Ace Tacderas, Sandra L Amos,

Richard Thornton, Michael Kurschat, Mary Curtis, Mary Welter, Mark Hommel, Laurie Fox, Jean

Wolf, Kenneth Ralston, Jon Rashid, Charles Mayer, Teresa Wood, Janis Smith, Kathryn Bolton,

Byron Bolton, Stephen Siatczynski, Jan Bader, Robert Hennip, Ellen Gibson, Roslyn Riddle,

Jesse Fink Jr, Diana Wanamaker, Karen Abrahamson, Judith Oppenhuizen, Helen Wilk,

Patricia Peacock, Lynn Veldman, Ronald Nossal, Sara Wilk, Le Anna Dieterle, Donald Jaeger,

Paul Braun, Mark Hoogsteen, David Mullikin, Charlie Corbett, Bernard Zacharias, Susan Dega,

Joyce Batnett, Douglas Fiedler, Theresa Fiedler, Machyla Mack, Carol Beard, Suzanne Paige,

John Jeffrey, Gregory Harnick, Melissa Stanek, Cherie Trent, Tammra Klein, Geneva Bivens,

Eric Bivens, Clifford Sheppard, Allen Spence, Janet Reil, Christine Drinkwine, Kelley Harris,

13

Jeremy Wade, David Stephanoff, Raymond Haan, Kathleen Badgley, Sandra Verwys, Julie

Bennett, Keith Graham, Nicolas Nicoloff, Jared Burniac, Marilyn Schepansky, Matthew Gietzen,

Janice Exo, Steven Grabiel, Elizabeth Parker, Timothy Parker, Christine Parker, Joanne

Selman, Rob Steele, Gregory Berg, Alex Kratz, Nancy Arlen, Marian Johnson, Shawn Dial,

John Beith, Barry Herbert Parmeter, Alfred Piggott, Mike Mulcahy, Sandra Saxman, Mary Halas,

Peggy Miller, Edward Mike, Colleen Tucker, Jeff Rynbrandt, Kirk Sevener, Kent Horneffer,

Carrie Mullins, Laurie Madigan, Kathryn Montgomery, Angela Pearson, Josephine Brown, Brit

Chrcek, Sheryl Parker, Timothy Brown, Bryan Mathews, Jeane Smith, James Cook, Martin

Klemet, Kimberley Hurst, Ruihua Han, Ruth Freeman, Nancy Skory, Laura Hagen, Margaret

Baranowski, Christine Gibson, Collin Gibson, Marsha Holley, Michelle Frederick, Edna Cooley,

Joe Raguso, Kevin Gibson, Shawn Scanlon, Kathy Seldomridge, Kelly Bambrick, Scott White,

Angela Agemy, Clifford Schlak, Deanna Goulait, Isaiah Agemy, Gerald Conover, Ryan Timiney,

Deborah Paget, Joann Ford, Charlotte Agemy, Kim Smith, Jaimie Miller, Kimberly James,

Kenley Riggs, Susan Liimatta, Lisa Smith, Thomas James, Gerald Demott, Tera Shaffer, Frank

Hann, Marvin Smith, Alberta Phillips, Terry Miller, John Smalec, Stacey Pelletier, Connie

Keinath, David Mctigue, Patricia Sharf, Keith Lubbers, David Toupin, Alyssa Rebrovich, Zachary

Toupin, Thomas Nemcek, Dianne Williams, Stacey Jasinski, Mary A Rankey, Geoffrey Weil,

Richard Barnard, Ken Bolterstein, Pamela Vanvalkenburg, Sandra Fox, Lynn Weaver, Tony

Partin, Stephanie Jacobsen, Janice Girling, Sandy Rikkers, Kelly Langin, David Ray, Lisa

Gowdy, Mary Laduke, Jessica Vandermolen, Kara Gresser, Erik Faulkner, Thomas Strating,

Trucker Randy Bishop, Stacy Wood, Deandrea Dean, Thomas Mcmillin, Michelle Kesteloot,

Laura Cichon, Renata Cirillo, Christine Landaal, Daniel Speitzer, Kendra Mccrimmon, Melanie

Kurdys, Richard Bridenbaker, Roger Lonsway, Pamela Wenzel, Sue Smith, Andrew

Hauenstein, Sabrina Emmorey, Jennifer Ream, Lawrence Sheridan, Robert Kurschat, Arlette

Butler, Alejandra Perez, James Taylor, Ralph Schafer, Jessica Holcomb, Marla Brown, Karen

Skene, Gerald Klein, James Daily, Duane Gritter, Shawn Freeman, Nicolas Skrzypczak, Joshua

Bedford, David Kwapis, Michael Cunningham, Keith Larsen, Donald Eckland, Russ Tierney,

Ronda Keck, Vicki Matthews, Monica Wohlfert, Christine Murray, Edward Nightingale, Jennifer

Kozik, Kim Nightingale, Lauren Burris, John Devries, Matt Marko, Michele Davis, Nancy

Pomish, Paul Walker, Keith Toupin, Anna Timmer, Cody Eddy, Margaret Opie, Bob Neidert,

Paul Bond, Andrew Camp, Mary Jo Youngblood, Melanie Peltier, Patricia Calhoun, Christopher

Boet, Eleanor Baldwin, Daniel Wazny, Elizabeth Donnelly-Johnson, Matthew Landaal, Kelly

Scaccia, Lorraine Blair, Terry Shirley, Mary Walden, Glen Erdman, Bari Brown, Daniel Collins,

Charles Wilkins, Phyllis Garabedian, Anna Raymond, James Miller, Allison Ciosek, Ginnie

Wade, Jayson Corey, Linda Iacovoni, Barry Donakowski, Anthony Leo, Kristen Neugebohr,

Gary Wiebe, Karen Ostin, Lori Ebaugh, Susan Renne, David Larsen, Marsha Reinbolt, Kathy

Crain, Kristen Andriessen, Donald Powell, Samantha Kolodsick, Ricky Metzmaker, Scott

Stapleford, Granville A Hayworth, Kim Malin, Alice Semevolos, Betty Rutkowski, Kenneth

Bullard, Mark Ebben, Mary Schotthoefer, Peter Hendrickson, Cheryl Finn, Gerald Varner, Penny

Nelson, Sharon Ashenfelter, Diane Saincome, Jennifer Prainito, Robert Prainito, Teresa

Lombardo, Heather Harris, Jeffrey Miller, Kristy Lerma, Susan Swett, Matthew Witte, Elizabeth

Allen, Marilyn Schewe, Joseph Schewe, Anna C Rinna, Clare Naar, Mark Saincome, David

Boyer, Cora Parritt, Suzanne Welton, Gerald Clixby, Laura Bell, Pam Biller, Ray Markham,

Kevin Moore, George Morehouse, Christina Chyn, Cheryl Kirsch, Nicole Rycerz, Greg Pugh,

Simon Pop, William Burris, David Maxwell, Cathy Cozier, Cynthia Richardson, Theresa Mendes,

Serena King, Theresa Sabella, Lindy Henson, Eleanore Keenan, Mariel Lafleur, Curtis Bartz,

Timothy Lennon, Mary Lester, Salvatore Lamendola, Kathleen Harris, Maria Hilla, Jane Gabriel,

14

Josef Von Buelow, Clare Cardinali, Odeta Fecani, Frank Cavanaugh, Ericka Crosby, Seth

Schmidtmann, Barbara Hart, Charles Hart, Priscilla Stewart, Susan Kuckhahn, Chuck Honkala,

Fabio Leal, Diane Bernier, Michelle Noch, Barbara Shiflett, Robert White, Edward Shiflett, Diane

Tormanen, Carol Cousineau, Diana Weston, Judith Weaver, Charlene Femminineo, E Polce,

Van Long, Michele Hensley, Karen Fabian, Johannes Von Buelow, Anna Garrison, Raymond

Blake, Patrick Dunphey, Guy Finout, Pat Collins, Gregory Lounds, Donna Blake, Gail Miloch,

Colette Endelman, Cynthia Bond, Julianna Bellanti, Lauren Wilson, Diane Arnold, Elizabeth

Vallespir, Gerald Straub, Laura Rosebrough, Nicole Koons, John Fenner, Elizabeth Dettloff,

David Dettloff, Heidi Dexter, Jason Taylor, Naomi Pietila, Joann Froman, Ashley Bergman, Mary

Monge, Richard Steckmeyer, Scott Siddall, Renee Murphy, Keith Baker, John Best, Stephanie

Burke, Stephen Hanley, Edward Sovoda, Nancy Rees, Susan Brunken, Rick Maruszczak,

Annette Liike, Ron Cousineau, William Baldwin, Shane Trejo, Lorraine Obrien, Doris Keefer,

Dennis James, Sally Vipperman, Steven Grant, Beth Bosma, Cheryl Susan, Dennis Homant,

Cynthia Parsell, Glenn Nelson, Christian Person, Erica Henry, Scott Dickinson, Willard Susan,

Andrea Sheridan, Dale Rice, Bosley John, John Hitt, Bradley Voss, Nigel Davey, Patrick Smith,

Virginia Moore, Rachel Marcero, John Clore, Susan Dubert, Joseph Kubic, Mary Vanderveen,

John Vigneron, Lisa Zulcosky, Norman Emmons, Robert Tidd, Pam Ruthenbeck, Erika Heegan,

Jeffrey Delamielleure, Chuck Cory, Vanessa Bechler, Beth Flor, Laira Kleinheksel, Matthew

Poff, Ann Wilkins, Mark Nesbitt, Dianne Wrobleski, Carol Delamielleure, Susan Mikolajczak,

Alicia Chouinard, Gregory A Valerio, Gregg Neitzel, Michelle Handelman, Michael Kern Jr,

Grace Kern, Cheryl Jurkiewicz, Sue Macrellis, Corey Blue, John Obrien, Paula Harshman,

Kristina Tarrant, Janet Johnson, Richard Lisowski, Julie Husak, Ginger Kinney, Tonald Rayon,

Mark Kadzban, Nancy Herbig, Dawn Dely, Kathy Mieczkowski, Brigid Kowalczyk, Marie

Schlepers, Pam Greggs, Yvonne Fleis, Cherie Ritter, William Sickner, Edward Sanger, Paul

Kane, Eugene Dixon, Diane Johnson, Jason Grieser, Mary Yeakle, Clyde Johnson, Jennifer

Plamondon, Jessica Kokalis, Shelley Crompton, Tim Brick, Diane Benda, Janice Bartee, Laura

Warman, Alisha Gebhardt, Michael Monohon, Ruston Berends, Leonida Stewart, Phyllis

Trudeau, Stephenie Jacobson, Joseph Hornyak, Sandra Caroselli, Jennifer Crosby, Anne

Schmidt, James Salter, Utz Schmidt, Claudia Schmidt, Mike Deplanche, Tedd Grulke, Fred

Grzesiak, Mark Kerstein, Gregg Kava, Mary Kamp, Kathleen Regan, Kevin Kinney, Patricia

Grzesiak, Amelia Hakim, Eek Loussia, Joann Narsh, Mike Almeranti, James Dettling, Jim

Degen, Lisa Baldwin, Karl Benda, Charlene Siddall, Olof Minto, Jon Oesterle, Peter Von

Buelow, Shelly Rawson, Krista Haydu, Joy Cullen, Amy Mackenzie, John Cullen, Matthew

Case, Floyd Kaminski, Lester E. Guest, Alvin Lawrence, Robert Dunn, Cindy Rease, Robert

Gentner, Darcy Layman, Steven Bechler, Jacqueline Murray, Jennifer Von Buelow, Julie Ryder,

Kathleen Dettling, Martin Gage, Dennis Murphy, Amber Robison, Henry Levine, Abigail Hicks,

Carol Klosowski, Becky Martin, Robert Gawecki, Kate Martin, Theresa And Douglas Fiedler,

George Georgegeer Geer, Paul Drouillard ., Daniel D. Macleish Sr., Lawrence And Bauer,

Rep. Gary Glenn (2015-2018), David & Sheryl Alkema, Gary Gardner Sr., Dennis & Mary

Cupery, Brian Pendergraff, Dr. Carla Johnson, Adonna Houle Scamehorn, Taimi Demeuse,

Terri Seldon Rn, Kari Hands, Jon And Marg Taylor, Wendy M Chetkovich, James Brennan, Amy

Steiner, Karen Ferris, Heath Carew, Janet Van Noord, Beverly Sempsrott, Monique Springborn,

Greg Denzinger, Frank Jeffries, L T Belen, Patricia Gregory, Susan Tompkins, Angelika Coyle,

Tom Caldwell, Kathy Hoke, Donna Sinnema, Cynthia Carswell, Eric Langdon, David Anderson,

Christopher Kristock, Karen Bezemek, Janice Stevenson, Thomas J. Pelak, Timothy Yarbrough,

Michael Viers, Miranda Thompson, Marcy Jankovich, Lynn Schantz, Faith Avery, Vicki Penrose,

Heather Mcdougall, Connie Haller, Jeff Vanbelle, Donna Rzepka, Lynn Vincent, Maureen

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Heverly, Elaine Ulrich, Alice Wachol, Nancy Zobel, Chris Thoma, Leah Cobb, Nicole Schultz,

Karen Bengel, Ann Clark, Justin Winkelman, Tom Nimtz, Gordon Farnsworth, Wendie Bander,

Deborah Mcneill-Tedders, Darlene Jenista, Ruth Hammond, Sandra Stauffer, Cindy Helm,

Ashlyn Dieterle, Daryl Smith, Amanda Grenanco, Sandra Hodson, Joni Puckett, Carolyn

Skalnek, Colton Carr, Jeff Rubis, Joan Humphrey, Kenneth Snarski, Paul Rifenberg, Linda

Reed, Amanda Lanting, Loretta Warda, Melissa Howard, Gregory Rivers, Kerrie Krause,

Kathleen Peterson, Steven Minnick, David Williams, Yina Munoz De Calzada, Diane Barnes,

Amber Petroelje, Mary Brennan, Chris Graney, Gloria Pappalardos, Kathy Mcglone, Kelly

Esper, Jacinda Imhoff, Herman Kloosterman, Ronald Davis, Carl Walker, Loretta H, Paula

Butler, Linda Coffia, Barbara Runels, Sincerely, Bonnie Parr, Cheryl A Bardaville, Kristen

Frantti, Brad Windemuller, Thomas Rzepecki, Marilyn Wagner, Caitlyn Flowers, Lawrence

Mcphillips, Melba Peters, Andrew Purvis, James Flint, Robert Russell, Barb Kennedy, Taryn

Scherer, Kimberly Brandimarte, Keith Ewing, Anita Creighton, Scott Tanula, Michael Cray,

Candy Gray, Debra Moyer, Christine Mcdunnough, Ann Mawby, Jacqueline Weston, Thomas

Gerrish, Michelle Leason, Michelle Deemer, Sherry Marshall, Bette Miller, Pete Korovesis,

Laura Sytsma, Tarri Hughes, Sandy Ten Hoeve, Marilyn Singleton, Amy Husted, Laura Morrow,

Jean Vanderklok, Susan Birkenhauer, Gloria Souyias, James Meredith, Brittany Force, Heidi

Mount, Patricia Prowse, Deidre Tyler, Janet Stephenson, Julia Hill, Amanda Seaver, Ron

Whitman, Dawn Hoover, Paula Ellis, Lanae Devries, Sally Herder, Mark Bumann, Agnes

Westgate, Claudia Gieleghem, Mike Grenon, Marion Newton, Mike Bartlett, Amber Banger,

Vicki Johnson, Mary Morgan, Bob Cushman, Jennifer Ritzler, Justin Davito, Judy Murray, Joy

Bos, Debbie Jackson, Mary Peleman, Karen Darling, David Mccredie, Yvonne Morosky-Grant,

Lloyd Van Duyn, Linda Mcdonald, Linda Orofino, Cynthia Rubis, Kirk Vande Guchte, Deborah

Vusich, Michael Snearly, Constance Dunk, Charles Guilloz, Patricia Martin, Connie Pietila,

Deborah Winslow, Shannon Carter, David Yarber, Alicia Bemiss, Nancy Davies, Richard

Raymond, Mary Wiers, Mark Tice, Kristina Anderson, Kristen Neal, Dawn Sherwood, Christine

Klaserner, Ashley Chandler, Angela Thomson, Dorinda Mccourt, Evelyn Wojtkowiak, Sallie

Whelan, Sandra Mcneely, Dave Dorre, Helen Waltman, Deborah Mcgrath, Caren Guc,

Rosemarie Dorre, Mary Stroster, Lisa Barnum, Judi Ecker, Judith Doyle, Charles Blake, Linda

Dedenbach, Elllen Tencer, Eileen Kruper, Tindaro Calabrese, Pamela Riordan, Lori Viening,

Asron Mlynarek, Pat Borowy, Beth Bauer, Susanne Ferrier, William Fedewa, Charles Conn,

Darryll Hall, Russell Avery, Melissa Sevilla, Steve Christie, Jennifer Mullen, Noah Ford, Sheryl

Russell, Diane Catsman, Jennifer Kirschner, Karl Solo, June Kamp, David Battige, Haoliang

Michael Sun, Linda Potter, Shelly Johnson, Carolyn Nicholson, Robert Polasky, Stephanie

Hoekstra, Laura Benge, Gregory Knapp, Richard Marquis, Mandy Dyda, Tim Kueppers, Judith

Smith, Martha Oram, Julie Lowrey-Roberts, Bill Spadafora, Mark Baravik, George Kirst, Michele

Hardy, Dawn Jezowski, Fritz Bender, Kevin Kersten, Mark Shepherd, Christine Champlin, Libby

Ranshaw, Tanya Theaker, Andrew Stoutjesdyk, Mike Cieszkowski, Kimberley Romero, Paul

Smith, D Johnson, Pam Jager, Leeann Wulliams, J.D. Small, James Hughes, Paul Anderson,

Diane Six, Francisco Rodriquez, James Lynn, Car Oram, Sherry Allen, Leif Haugen, Kathleen

Pappageorge, Karen Kittredge, Audrey Kangas, Martha Morrin, Patricia Faivor, Lisa Patrona,

Mark Denis, Angela Kavanagh, Benjamin Hogan, Chris Peretto, Paul Schweppe, David

Colombo, Mildred Sell, Dorothy Hanna, Kristee Hart, Ann Horvath, Kelly Sare, Ruth Brauneck,

Dawn Tatu, Rachel Ross, Soamer Jamil, Richard Westcot, Cynthia Toth, Brenda Ulmer, Nora

Storm, Karen Essenburg, Denise Miller, Debbie Early, Shannon Wilson, Michael Danowski,

Catherine Ehgotz, Kristy Weirich, Jacqueline Zaplitny, Norton Smith, Barbara Parker, Dale

Bosworth, Matthew Guisbert, Jennifer Teed, Colleen Campo , Cheryl Parenteau, Lavonne

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Gras, Ashleigh Jackson, Josiah Samy, Carl Wurmlinger, Julie Harris, Brad Adcock, Diana

Weaver, Jaimie Schultz, Tracie Molton, Kathy Sanchez , Robert Laitinen , Mary Deanovic ,

Nancy Wade, Karen Massengill, Mary Jaques, Scott Baker, Joseph Hughes , Diana Austin,

Christine Schantz, Sandy Salazar, Tiffany Homola, Tracie Schroeder, Jo Urbaniak, Shantell

Ford, Karen Hoop, Mark Stairs, Cherry Mosher, Constance Hales, Paul Petrovich, Karen

Bukowski, Theresa Kimberly, Kimberly Caramagno, Brenda Cook, Brad Slagh, James Schutz,

Joseph Dwyer, Eric Sequin, Melody Kirby, Janet Wiseman, Jesseca Elza, Joyce Belloli,

Matthew Warsinski , Christy Armstrong, Thomas Mccabe, Bruce Johnson, Robert Oswald,

Janie Wakefield, Renee Schadenberg, Amy Killam, Shelby Nowak, David Sackett , Duane Hoff,

Joseph Coppola, Kimberly Fiorenzo, Louise Long, Katherine Blackburn, Kelly Lewis, Scott

Casaday, Lyn Campbell, Starla Witzki, Jamie Zebari, Julie Sanderson, Kimberly Borgman,

Michael Pniewski, Karen Schneider, Deborah Nielsen, Sandra Betten, Matthew Holden, Dean

Brandt, Anhela Kaminski , Rob Smith, Kristina Langmaack, Shelly Deboer, Rosanne Lomprey,

Karen May, Rebecca Mckay, David Seiter, Todd O'Neill, Treva Hershey, Leanna Cook, Linda

Chamberlain, Michelle Cuzzort, Bettie Chase, Dawn Fagerstrom , Michael Graves, Sam Scime

Jr, John Gyorki, Julie Sweet, Michael Hartman , Sallie Cushman , Michael Hankins, Kathy

Doornbos, Beth Thielking, Jennifer Brennan, Suzanne Lane, Darcy Kostrzewa, Pegg Thomas,

Kimberly Deglopper, Tracy Conley, Terrie Gole, Jack Bley, Kevin Merrill, Barbara Starr ,

Michelle Goodrich, Tina Dietsch, Martha Goodin, Eveline Ritter, Patricia Fletcher, Charita

Willey, Karen Kivisto , Carol Cooper, Greg Donahoe, Jami Sentz , Heather Kossen, Jackie

Cooley, Tom Tibortz , Michelle Thornburg , Maryann Hubel, Katelyn Wyngarden , Mary Hubel,

T C, Alan Dunst, Lisa Kaufman, Gail Waltiere, Pamela Huberty, Jennifer Overway , Jill

Honaker, Jonathan Haaland, Karen Bos, Ronald Grassmid, Toni Knuth, Maureen Callaghan,

Kelly Roberson, Karen Christians, Tim Barnhouse, Judeann Baillod, Mary Fountain, Stephanie

Helmholdt , Joan Troost, David Records, Christine Ingle-Barnes, Karl Mickna, Barb Riedberger,

Steven Johnson, Susan Essiambre, Michelle Stanton, Paula Seiter, Erin Mclaughlin, Sherry

Centala, Don Lamb, Jody Ormsby, Dana Boyd, Melissa Scherpenisse, Debra Doezema, John

Sharick, Connie Mracna, Karen White, Jeanne Gerst, Kenneth Gorinski, Chris Curtis, Brian

Huff, Renee Kirby, Patrick Raymond, Gregory Butler, Vickie Azkoul, Katherine Simpson, John

Antilla, Christopher Czyzio, John M Bergdahl, Mitchell Mastenbrook, Deneen Huff, Philip

Sawicki, Shayne Storck, Nancy Simpson, David Mars, Richard Czarny, Nerita Czarny, Carolyn

Richards, Lawrence Skotzke, Carol Inman, Lois Jane Siraco, Suzanne Jones, Emilee Long,

Nanci Schlagel, Kathy Mcclinchey, Shelly Hanke, Kathleen Denton, Dan Saoud, Michelle Harral,

Charles Tuttle, Emily Ziemba, William Zegelien, Diane Martin, Norma Hyduk, Christyna

Ermakov, John Mason, Debb Knarian, Angela Baslock, Lea Bigos, Cindy Potter, Victoria

Hughes, Mary Harvey, Toby Campbell, Jeffrey Chandler, Jeff Marcinkowski, Kathleen Miller,

Tonia Martin, Elisabeth Nunn-Karnowski, Krisena Rieger, Pamela Smith, Don Kuplerski,

Matthew Lambert, Kathy Winicki, Justin Ippolito, Eric Robb, Sandra Guza, Lori Calkins, Paul

Vanantwerp, Cheryl Struble, Jessica Light, Richard Dykstra, Kim Thomas, Julene Butler, Jackie

Campbell, Roxanna Allstead, Melvin Campbell, Eric Krikorian, Jane Grimes, Kristy Stites,

Charles Raski, Nancy Carpenter, Sevag Vartanian, Susan Hans, Mary Joan Ballor, Gerie

Chownyk, John Golan, Jessica Roberts, Yvonne Dykstra, Erin Pruitt, Jim Latson, Michelle Mixa,

Connie Lavender, Theresa Nallamothu, Sue Ann Wessel, Robert Porter, Larry Schnettler, Mary

Jo Roggenbuck, Marian E Sheridan, Philip Ruggles, Sam Lisek, Jeanne Gusa, Brenda Zlotek,

Rick Pritchett, David Heitz, Nikkea Todd, Catherine Buckley, Cindy Chellew, Gabriel Kostiuk,

Andrew Robinson, Nadine Ankney, Terri Weller, Margie Talaski, Peter Lowry, Ronald

Carpenter, Lorraine Frendt, Corey Clark, Marianne Rinke, Lynne Mccarthy, Robert Frisch,

17

Wynne Achatz, Marvin Redlawski, Anna Opel, David Shattler, Nock Tunes, Steven Holland,

Connie Holland, Timothy Danielson, Donna Morello, Sue Stuever, Ben Furrow, Kristi

Donaldson, Gregory Remington, Leonard Belen, Kim Laforet, Benjamin Deckert, Sharon

Beaudoin, Kimberly Green, Alice Anderson, Sheryl Sterling, Michelle Burke, Jill Marie Hughes

Rajabian, Jacqueline Digiovanni, Matt Bol, Kerrin Snowdin, Karen Helsen, Linda Mango,

Roseanna Ondra, Richard Stanley, Kimberly Pooley, Barbara Hintz, Cheryl Majors, Patricia

Divirgilio, Robert Rice, Dan Graves, Evan Qarana, Geeorge Jurik, Susan Elek, Francis Cullen,

Tate Luchies, Brandi Rincon, Ronald Ronald, Mary Kohler, Jane Danger, Debra Crandall,

Dorothy Hiscock, Nanci Jennings, Douglas Oberski, Philip Ward, Lynn Goodroe, Wanda

Kanakis, Amy Tyson, Gary Jenkin, Paul Servitto, Melvin Barnhart, Richard Sikkenga, Tanya

Brodberg, Tony Jessie, Janet Davis, Barbara Reilly, Rochelle Caslavka, Karen Fowler, Linda

Wood, Lois Dietzer, Ronald Boomstra, Sandra Ayers, John Winter, Ruth Winter, Paul Driscoll,

Joan Marshall, Christine Bischoff, Stacey Griffin, Karl Malewski, Nancy Angel, Jennifer Maruri,

Allen Dean, Barbara Lanktre, Richard Hunter, Jeffrey Walters, Lauren Mento, Ronald Kotcher,

Valinda Stevens, Steve Parrinello, Michel Moreau, Deborah Knop, Natalie Halsey, Debby Wolfe,

Christina Jankauskas, Jerry Matese, Richard Hewitt, Ron Parks, Sarah Engmark, Randall

Schwan, Patrice Johnson (Pure Integrity For Michigan Elections), Cathy Latson, Ron Smith,

Pearl Tormeno, Colleen Anderson, Stephen Sikkenga, Dianne Kollar, Lisa Walker, Reno

Ramsey, Susan Schott, Ron Bolster, David Hobbs, Beth Kuzak, Cathy Toburen, Shelly Vorrath,

Melanie Perry, Tiffane James, Thomas Kuzak, Marian Hamel, Stephen Zelle, Donald Gundy,

Ronald Ponichter, Sandra Compton, David Harkonen, Keith Hessen, Pete Flax, Todd Peddle,

Elton Hedges, Dessie Pentland, Pamela Gibson, Norris Pentland, Megan Brothers, Dana

Kunnath, Constance Rathbun, Gary Kull, Kelly Bales, Jill Gorman, John Reihing, Sue Mccarthy,

Chris Klevorn, Cathy Klevorn, David Cordray, Michelle Gibson, Jennifer Connelly, Jeff Mizwa,

Rodney Hatcher, Diane Hatinger, Sally Schepis, Shelia Davis, Liz Deater, Stephanie Wiles,

Robert Teegardin, Dale Jordon, Charles Cornish, Dominic Jordon, Shelly Urban, Kimberley

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Cialone, Tina Metzger, James Atkinson, Paula Karlovich, Angrla Tolly, Eugenia Fetzer, Jack

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Sharon Campbell, Carol Stoll, Meg Bruck, Deborah Lewis, Charles Clark, Paul Klinefelter, Cindy

Klinefelter, Jessica Bosco, Amanda Bennett, James Albert, Chad Portenga, Cindy Blamer,

Richard Nienhouse, Catherine Timmermans, Bill Deglopper, Steven Miller, Robert Powers,

Nancy Prindle, Doug Roesler, Kathleen Tarnowski, Constance Onda, John Domin, Arlene

Ferris, Neal Mcgladdery, Michael Ware, Jesse Atwell, Lorraine Tsutsui, Wanda Brieger, Richard

Wendt, Sherry Schilleman, Deborah Simmons, David Simmons, Andrew Watkins, Barbara

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Barrett, Jack Plate, Jill Golding, Kathleen Dever, Jeffrey Metts, Todd Wells, Robert Valcke, Joy

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Hensley, M Gibsn, Robert Wiles, Kevin Nicholson, Debby Nicholson, Randy Travelbee, Dwight

Gentz, Mark Mathias, Craig Artis, Abraham Dane, Brian Dematio, Mindy Ozdarski, Breanne

Swope, Kelly Getter, Etter Feal, Lisa Middlecamplowder, Karen Dahlgren, Jim Riddell, David

Mateling, Robert Philips, James Walsh, Diego Cuenca, Debra Warby, Donald Rockwell, Bonnie

Kons, Karen Cole, Robert Lemson, Julie Law, Arrick Moore, Michael Haueisen, Reida

Osterman, Michael Young, Alex Gamso, Caryn Young, Deborah Droze, Teresa Plummer, Sara

Figueroa, Tammy Stolberg, Jeffrey Carrier, Jill Vanderzanden, Lisa Shepard, Casey Oonk,

Gregory Moss, hmorton71@grassrootsmessages.com,

phoenix9109@grassrootsmessages.com, wisdomtooth2020@grassrootsmessages.com,

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Pack0001@grassrootsmessages.com, pjstafford@grassrootsmessages.com,

susanlhoff@grassrootsmessages.com, j.r.robinson@grassrootsmessages.com,

tomurich@grassrootsmessages.com, little1147@grassrootsmessages.com,

ohmitt1@grassrootsmessages.com, bonhag@grassrootsmessages.com,

Btkulbieda@grassrootsmessages.com, taylorn733@grassrootsmessages.com,

bill@grassrootsmessages.com, Patty72012@grassrootsmessages.com,

Ljglomski@grassrootsmessages.com, ecmac39@grassrootsmessages.com,

kbethstephens@grassrootsmessages.com, caudill1117@grassrootsmessages.com,

wcate@grassrootsmessages.com, smynhier@grassrootsmessages.com,

merichdh@grassrootsmessages.com, Hayesrosita@grassrootsmessages.com,

stephanie.k.hoekstra@grassrootsmessages.com, rdconnors2@grassrootsmessages.com,

2058johnson.tresa@grassrootsmessages.com, Lissatopham@grassrootsmessages.com,

jeditomandl@grassrootsmessages.com, Thehollowaty@grassrootsmessages.com,

Jbeiser1@grassrootsmessages.com, tech@grassrootsmessages.com,

sjkoehler@grassrootsmessages.com, jacobson012@grassrootsmessages.com,

nggarcia01@grassrootsmessages.com, dlgralewski@grassrootsmessages.com,

stcdld@grassrootsmessages.com, hsmama70@grassrootsmessages.com,

fkathy1978@grassrootsmessages.com, nehemiah9@grassrootsmessages.com,

Dzbosch302@grassrootsmessages.com, nannyjanet@grassrootsmessages.com,

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garymay54@grassrootsmessages.com, Djvigna@grassrootsmessages.com,

kfredal@grassrootsmessages.com, csecord@grassrootsmessages.com,

Wartkv@grassrootsmessages.com, jis2blessed@grassrootsmessages.com,

jermar@grassrootsmessages.com, ellynmdowns@grassrootsmessages.com,

Bergeys1@grassrootsmessages.com, Rossvk@grassrootsmessages.com,

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PhilipStiefel@grassrootsmessages.com, angelsgramster1@grassrootsmessages.com,

onelmunn@grassrootsmessages.com, deakliz@grassrootsmessages.com,

Robinson9015@grassrootsmessages.com, jackiespetspals@grassrootsmessages.com,

robert.bromley@grassrootsmessages.com, ellanieferrari@grassrootsmessages.com,

margoj122@grassrootsmessages.com, anneveteran21@grassrootsmessages.com,

wsabotka@grassrootsmessages.com, jwarn12@grassrootsmessages.com,

Vetbcrazy@grassrootsmessages.com, moirae07@grassrootsmessages.com,

tjcain11@grassrootsmessages.com, redjtd@grassrootsmessages.com,

barbara@grassrootsmessages.com, acorpmiracles@grassrootsmessages.com,

bjrunels@grassrootsmessages.com, jbgage71@grassrootsmessages.com,

stevenscrew@grassrootsmessages.com, vhartner@grassrootsmessages.com,

19

Michfan4ever@grassrootsmessages.com, thevozz@grassrootsmessages.com,

Karinvalenti@grassrootsmessages.com, harp5568@grassrootsmessages.com,

kfc@grassrootsmessages.com, jimandrsn@grassrootsmessages.com,

tomgrace1@grassrootsmessages.com, drew.monroe@grassrootsmessages.com,

northstar@grassrootsmessages.com, stack.joe@grassrootsmessages.com.

Persons Offering Comment at Public Hearing Comments in Opposition to Ruleset

Philip O'Halloran, Evelyn Archer (Oxford Grassroots), Ronald Piotrowski (Oxford Grassroots),

Jo DeMarco, Polly McNichol, Debbie Louisignau, Kristina Karamo, Garrett Wheat, Matthew

Reese, Louis Avallone (Pure Integrity for Michigan Elections), Valentin Dumitrescu, Adam

DeAngeli (Rescue Michigan), Ethan Hobson, Patrice Johnson (Pure Integrity for Michigan

Elections), Rob Remelius, Nancy Pomish, William Lethemon, Lisa Capatina, Kate DeMalleo,

Jennifer Biddinger, Ryan Roberts, Kim Cousino (Erie Township Clerk).

No Hearing Comments Offered in Support of Ruleset.

20

Oct. 1, 2021

Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson

Richard H. Austin Building

P.O. Box 30204

430 W. Allegan St.

Lansing, MI 48909

Secretary Benson:

The Department of State has proposed rules that will compromise the integrity of Michigan elections. As

a former clerk for over 16 years and now serving as a legislator and Chair of the House Elections and

Ethics Committee, I find it imperative that these rules not advance until we can ensure that the rules will

protect the vote and the voter.

Presidential elections are always anomalies and 2020 was no different. It was an unprecedented election

cycle. This was Michigan’s first general election since the passage of Proposal 3 with no reason AV’s and

same day registration, a contentious presidential election cycle, and one that saw a record influx of

outside money directly interfering with our elections. These factors, coupled with a pandemic and

changes made to our election laws through executive orders or by the bench, eroded public trust and voter

confidence. Politics have taken precedence over principles. Personal agendas over good governance and

policy.

While Michigan’s election is behind us, we need to learn from it. It is clear there are opportunities to

improve our elections to help restore voter and candidate confidence.

Creating a pathway to make it easier to cheat or harder to vote should not be our goal. It should be easy to

vote and hard to cheat. It is that simple. Our common goal – no matter where you stand politically –

should be that every eligible voter can vote freely, secretly, independently, and securely and with

confidence that their vote counted.

These proposed rules will erode the public’s trust and allow political agendas to take precedence over

sound public policy. We simply cannot adopt these rules in current form for the following reasons:

MOAHR 2021-60 – Disqualification from Ballot Based Upon Contents of Affidavit of Identity

The Department of State will be doing a disservice to the people of Michigan if you enact a rule that

disqualifies candidates simply because they forget to disclose every single jurisdiction in which they

previously sought nomination or election – and without giving them a chance to correct mistakes caught

before the filing deadline. It’s overly harsh and goes against the goal of encouraging voter participation

and expanding competition in races.

This same rule would put cumbersome new requirements on city and township election officials who are

not responsible for campaign finance records. Campaign finance reports are filed with the Secretary of

State’s office or a county clerk’s office.

Many campaign finance reports are not available online. This means county, township, and city staff

would have to spend time and manpower to manually search records across the state on a quest to try and

determine whether a candidate should be disqualified. Having to review potentially thousands of

campaign finance records will be a major undertaking that will increase costs and cause delays for clerks’

offices that are already understaffed.

MOAHR 2021-61 –Signature Matching for Absent Voter Ballot Applications and Absent Voter

Ballot Envelopes

This rule would weaken the signature matching standards that are currently in place for absent voter

applications and absent voter ballot envelopes. Signature verification is a hallmark standard that protects

the voter. With the elimination of the requirement that a first-time voter must appear in person before an

authorized election official since Proposal 3 to validate their identity, it is even more important that we

tighten the signature rules, not loosen them.

The proposed rule definition of "signature on file" is not in accordance with state law. MCL 168. 761 (2)

and MCL 168.766 (2) clearly state that signatures must be compared to the QVF or the mastercard file. It

should not include the signature on the absent voter ballot application as a point of reference because that

assumes that signature is valid without proper verification techniques being applied. The definition should

only include those signatures that are "actually" on file either in the QVF, or the mastercard file.

This proposed rule would also create an automatic presumption that any signature on an absentee voter

ballot application and absentee voter ballot envelope is valid. This rule includes overly broad “redeeming

qualities” that would allow mismatched signatures to be accepted. It also includes vague “explanations for

differences” that would be subject to vastly different interpretations from election officials in

communities across our state.

Common sense dictates that the standard that should be followed for signature verification is that the

signature should bear a "significant resemblance" to the signature on file. The rule components dealing

with redeeming qualities and explanations for differences should default to a “significant resemblance”

standard.

Accepting signatures where only part of the signature, a partially printed signature or a person who has

changed their signature to only use initials instead of what is on file is not appropriate.

As a former clerk who verified signatures for thousands of voters, it easy to determine that a voter has

signed on a rough surface but it is utterly ridiculous to think this standard should carry the same weight in

verifying a voter’s signature as signature characteristics that can readily validate a voter’s signature. For

example, how the I’s are dotted, the capital letters are made, the spacing, etc.

We must rely on a "significant resemblance" standard. Signatures must have certain consistent markers.

Again, this includes the way capital letters are written, and the way in which the letters "i" and "t" are

dotted and crossed.

The makers of these proposed rules would have us believe that this standard of "initial presumption of

validity" is common practice. This is false.

This alleged standard was a directive put forth by the SOS last year that resulted in a lot of confusion and

potential fraud. This was challenged in Robert Genetski and Michigan Republican Party v. Jocelyn

Benson and Jonathon Brater in the Court of Claims. On March 9, 2021 Judge Christopher Murray ruled

that the SOS had no authority to provide this directive "because the challenged signature-matching

standards were issue in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act."

As for the rules on timing of signature review and notification Rule 168.25, those provisions are set out in

statute under MCL 168.761 (2) and MCL 168.765a (6) which were just signed into law last year. It should

also be noted that the statute does not require the clerk to notify the voter by phone and email. It states by

mail, phone, or email. This was also passed just last year and should remain as an option. Clerks have

many responsibilities leading up to the election and with unreliable internet in many parts of state, we

need to provide reasonable accommodations for our 1,500-plus clerks.

Rule 168.26 on curing signatures is overly simplistic. It essentially states that if the clerk thinks the

signature is mismatched, they contact the voter and request they provide another signature which may

also not match the signature on file. More diligence is necessary to cure mismatched signatures. It may

even be on a separate piece of paper as written in the proposed rule.

Additionally, these rules should require regular updates of signatures and uniform signature verification

training for election officials.

MOAHR 2021-62 Online Absent Voter Ballot Applications

The rules pertaining to online voter ballot applications are also insufficient. Local clerks currently rely

upon physical signatures on absent voter applications and ballots to verify that an absentee ballot is being

mailed to and voted by the person eligible to receive that ballot. These signatures are compared to the

QVF and the master card if necessary. This has been a long-standing practice.

Confirmation that the signature has been checked is required to be noted on the AV application and the

ballot before it is forwarded for processing should be incorporated into statute or the rule.

In 2020, the SOS directed voters to simply take a picture of their signature and submit it electronically to

the local clerk. These images were often distorted, unreadable and resulted in delays in providing voters

with their ballots until the signatures could be cured.

Local clerks were often not equipped with quality printers and supplies to print these “pictures.” Signature

curing took longer than necessary and resulted in voter confusion, duplicate applications, and

disenfranchisement. The SOS’s public service announcements were often confusing and misleading.

Electronic uploads via unsecured email portals can lead to voter fraud and serve as a potential identity

theft threat. It’s just not that hard to find access to another person’s name, address, birthday, and driver’s

license number. Slapping the digital signature of a voter that’s already on file with the Secretary of State

onto an online absentee ballot application – as Rule 168.33 proposes – strips away this important

safeguard. Of course, the two signatures are going to match – they’re the same exact file. There should be

a two-factor authentication to prevent fraud and ensure absentee voting is a system the public can trust.

There are several other factors that make this practice difficult for clerks. Not all clerks have the same

technological capabilities to move away from paper forms and applications. Rule 3 (4) which would allow

voters to upload a copy of their physical signature ignores these potential technical limitations. Only a

limited number of states have implemented this, and the security risks may not be fully known.

There are multiple ways for individuals to apply for an absentee ballot and with permanent AV

application lists, we should not compromise perceived convenience for security.

The impact statement implies that these proposed rules are common practices in the SOS office.

However, the idea of an online voter ballot application was only created last year because of a public

health pandemic with no input from anyone. Something that has been used only once is not a common

practice.

As I have detailed, I have serious concerns about the changes the Department of State is proposing – and

so do hundreds of other residents and election officials. I believe we can work together with our local

clerks to improve upon theses proposed rules and create a better product that both advances democracy

AND protects the vote and ensures our elections are secure.

Sincerely,

Ann Bollin

State Representative

42^ndHouse District

CC: Jonathan Brater

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

Michigan Bꢂꢁeaꢂ of Elecꢀionꢃ

PO Boꢄ 20126

Lanꢃing, MI 48901

Bꢅ email (elecꢀionꢃ@michigan.goꢆ)

Rꢀ: PROMOTE THE VOTEꢁS WRITTEN COMMENTS IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED RULES

To Whom iꢀ Maꢅ Conceꢁn:

Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe (ꢇPTVꢈ) iꢃ a nonpaꢁꢀiꢃan coaliꢀion of pꢁo-ꢆoꢀeꢁ oꢁganiꢉaꢀionꢃ and ꢆoꢀing ꢁighꢀꢃ

adꢆocaꢀeꢃ. We ꢃꢂbmiꢀ ꢀhe beloꢊ ꢊꢁiꢀꢀen commenꢀꢃ in ꢃꢂppoꢁꢀ of pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle ꢃeꢀꢃ 2021-61 ST

and 2021-62 ST. We alꢃo ꢂꢁge ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ of Sꢀaꢀe, pꢂꢁꢃꢂanꢀ ꢀo MCL 168.31, ꢀo eꢄpand ꢀhe

ꢁꢂleꢃ ꢀo help enꢃꢂꢁe ꢀhaꢀ all Michigandeꢁꢃ maꢅ eꢄeꢁciꢃe ꢀheiꢁ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ

abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ.

Bꢅ laꢊ, aꢃ enacꢀed bꢅ ꢀhe Michigan Legiꢃlaꢀꢂꢁe, ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ iꢃ chaꢁged ꢊiꢀh oꢆeꢁꢃeeing ꢇꢀhe

condꢂcꢀ of elecꢀionꢃ and ꢁegiꢃꢀꢁaꢀionꢃꢈ in Michigan. MCL 168.31. Aꢃ ꢃꢂch, ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ haꢃ ꢀhe

aꢂꢀhoꢁiꢀꢅ ꢀo pꢁomꢂlgaꢀe ꢁꢂleꢃ. The Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ ꢆieꢊꢃ on ꢀheꢃe maꢀꢀeꢁꢃ aꢁe ꢇenꢀiꢀled ꢀo ꢁeꢃpecꢀfꢂl

conꢃideꢁaꢀion and, if peꢁꢃꢂaꢃiꢆe, ꢃhoꢂld noꢀ be oꢆeꢁꢁꢂled ꢊiꢀhoꢂꢀ cogenꢀ ꢁeaꢃonꢃ.ꢈ In ꢁe

Complainꢀ of Roꢆaꢃ Againꢃꢀ SBC Mich., 482 Mich. 90, 108 (2008). No ꢃꢂch ꢇcogenꢀ ꢁeaꢃonꢃꢈ

eꢄiꢃꢀ ꢀo ꢊaꢁꢁanꢀ ꢃeꢀꢀing aꢃide ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂleꢃ oꢁ oꢂꢁ ꢁecommendaꢀionꢃ beloꢊ.

The Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢊoꢂld noꢀ be acꢀing ꢇin eꢄceꢃꢃ of [heꢁ] ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀoꢁꢅ aꢂꢀhoꢁiꢀꢅ oꢁ jꢂꢁiꢃdicꢀion,ꢈ Clam

Lake Toꢊnꢃhip ꢆ. LARA, 500 Mich. 362, 372 (2017), oꢁ ꢀaking a poꢃiꢀion ꢀhaꢀ ꢇconflicꢀ[ꢃ] ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe

Legiꢃlaꢀꢂꢁeꢋꢃ inꢀenꢀ aꢃ eꢄpꢁeꢃꢃed in ꢀhe langꢂage of ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀe[ꢃ] aꢀ iꢃꢃꢂe,ꢈ Yoꢂnkin ꢆ. Zimmeꢁ,

497 Mich. 7, 10 (2014) (inꢀeꢁnal qꢂoꢀaꢀion omiꢀꢀed).

Neiꢀheꢁ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂleꢃ, noꢁ oꢂꢁ ꢁecommendaꢀionꢃ, aꢁe in conflicꢀ ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe

langꢂage of ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀeꢃ aꢀ iꢃꢃꢂe. Fꢂꢁꢀheꢁmoꢁe, iꢀ makeꢃ no diffeꢁence if ꢃome ꢃpecific aꢃpecꢀꢃ

of ꢀhe ꢁꢂleꢃ aꢁe noꢀ eꢄpꢁeꢃꢃlꢅ conꢀemplaꢀed bꢅ ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀe, ꢊhich iꢃ inꢆaꢁiablꢅ ꢀhe caꢃe ꢊhen

agencieꢃ moꢆe ꢀo implemenꢀ ꢀhe laꢊꢃ ꢀheꢅ adminiꢃꢀeꢁ. Inꢃꢀead, aꢃ ꢀhe U.S. Sꢂpꢁeme Coꢂꢁꢀ haꢃ

emphaꢃiꢉed, ꢌꢌ[ꢀ]he qꢂeꢃꢀion iꢃ alꢊaꢅꢃ ꢊheꢀheꢁ ꢀhe agencꢅ haꢃ gone beꢅond ꢊhaꢀ [ꢀhe

legiꢃlaꢀꢂꢁe] haꢃ peꢁmiꢀꢀed iꢀ ꢀo do.ꢈ Ciꢀꢅ of Aꢁlingꢀon ꢆ. FCC, 133 S.Cꢀ. 1863 (2013). The

Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢊoꢂld ꢀhꢂꢃ eꢄceed heꢁ poꢊeꢁꢃ ꢊeꢁe ꢃhe ꢀo aꢀꢀempꢀ ꢀo ꢁegꢂlaꢀe maꢀꢀeꢁꢃ ꢂnconnecꢀed

ꢀo heꢁ ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀoꢁꢅ chaꢁge, ꢊhich iꢃ noꢀ ꢀhe caꢃe heꢁe. Railꢊaꢅ Laboꢁ Eꢄecꢂꢀiꢆeꢃꢋ Aꢃꢃꢋn ꢆ. Naꢀꢋl

Mediaꢀion Bd., 29 F.3d 655, 671 (D.C. Ciꢁ. 1994) (en banc) (ꢇWeꢁe coꢂꢁꢀꢃ ꢀo pꢁeꢃꢂme a

delegaꢀion of poꢊeꢁ abꢃenꢀ an eꢄpꢁeꢃꢃ ꢊiꢀhholding of ꢃꢂch poꢊeꢁ, agencieꢃ ꢊoꢂld enjoꢅ

ꢆiꢁꢀꢂallꢅ limiꢀleꢃꢃ hegemonꢅ.ꢈ). Heꢁe, ꢁꢂle ꢃeꢀꢃ 2021-61 ST and 2021-62 ST, aꢃ ꢊell aꢃ oꢂꢁ

Pꢀꢁꢂꢁꢃe ꢃꢄe Vꢁꢃeꢅꢆ Wꢀꢇꢃꢃeꢈ Cꢁꢂꢂeꢈꢃꢆ ꢇꢈ Sꢉꢊꢊꢁꢀꢃ ꢁf 2021-61 ST aꢈd 2021-62 ST

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

Page 2 of 6

ꢁecommendaꢀionꢃ foꢁ ꢁeꢆiꢃing and eꢄpanding ꢀheꢃe ꢁꢂleꢃ, deal eꢄclꢂꢃiꢆelꢅ ꢊiꢀh ꢇꢀhe condꢂcꢀ of

elecꢀionꢃ and ꢁegiꢃꢀꢁaꢀionꢃ,ꢈ MCL 168.31, and ꢀheꢁefoꢁe mꢂꢃꢀ be affoꢁded dꢂe defeꢁence. Mich

Empꢋꢀ Relaꢀionꢃ Comm ꢆ Deꢀꢁoiꢀ Sꢅmphonꢅ Oꢁcheꢃꢀꢁa, Inc., 393 Mich 116, 124 (1974) (noꢀing

ꢀhaꢀ anꢅ jꢂdicial ꢁeꢆieꢊ ꢇmꢂꢃꢀ be ꢂndeꢁꢀaken ꢊiꢀh conꢃideꢁable ꢃenꢃiꢀiꢆiꢀꢅ in oꢁdeꢁ ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe coꢂꢁꢀꢃ

accoꢁd dꢂe defeꢁence ꢀo adminiꢃꢀꢁaꢀiꢆe eꢄpeꢁꢀiꢃe and noꢀ inꢆade ꢀhe pꢁoꢆince of eꢄclꢂꢃiꢆe

adminiꢃꢀꢁaꢀiꢆe facꢀ-findingꢈ).

I.

Pꢂꢃꢄꢃꢅꢀ ꢅꢆꢀ Vꢃꢅꢀ Sꢅꢂꢃꢇꢈꢉꢊ Sꢋꢌꢌꢃꢂꢅꢍ Pꢂꢃꢎꢏꢐꢏꢇꢈ Uꢇꢏꢑꢃꢂꢄ Sꢅaꢇꢐaꢂꢐꢍ Fꢃꢂ

Dꢀꢅꢀꢂꢄꢏꢇꢏꢇꢈ Sꢏꢈꢇaꢅꢋꢂꢀ Vaꢉꢏꢐꢏꢅꢊ aꢇꢐ Uꢂꢈꢀꢍ ꢅꢆꢀ Sꢀcꢂꢀꢅaꢂꢊ ꢅꢃ Eꢒꢌaꢇꢐ 2021-61 ST ꢅꢃ

Pꢂꢃꢎꢏꢐꢀ Gꢂꢀaꢅꢀꢂ Pꢂꢃꢅꢀcꢅꢏꢃꢇꢍ ꢑꢃꢂ Rꢀꢈꢏꢍꢅꢀꢂꢀꢐ Vꢃꢅꢀꢂꢍ.

Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe ꢃꢀꢁonglꢅ ꢃꢂppoꢁꢀꢃ 2021-61 ST, ꢊhich iꢃ deꢃigned ꢀo pꢁoꢆide cleꢁkꢃ ꢊiꢀh

ꢂnifoꢁm ꢃꢀandaꢁdꢃ foꢁ deꢀeꢁmining ꢀhe ꢆalidiꢀꢅ of ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ applicaꢀionꢃ and

balloꢀ enꢆelopeꢃ. Pꢁoꢆiding ꢂnifoꢁm, enfoꢁceable gꢂidance foꢁ deꢀeꢁmining ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢆalidiꢀꢅ -

ꢃꢀaꢁꢀing ꢊiꢀh a pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion of ꢆalidiꢀꢅ - ꢊill go a long ꢊaꢅ ꢀoꢊaꢁdꢃ enꢃꢂꢁing ꢀhaꢀ all Michigandeꢁꢃ

aꢁe able ꢀo fꢂllꢅ eꢄeꢁciꢃe ꢀheiꢁ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ.

A. A Pꢂꢀꢍꢋꢄꢌꢅꢏꢃꢇ ꢃꢑ Vaꢉꢏꢐꢏꢅꢊ Iꢍ ꢅꢆꢀ Rꢏꢈꢆꢅ Pꢉacꢀ ꢅꢃ Sꢅaꢂꢅ, aꢍ ꢅꢆꢀ Gꢃꢎꢀꢂꢇꢄꢀꢇꢅ Sꢆꢃꢋꢉꢐ

Nꢃꢅ Iꢇꢅꢀꢂꢑꢀꢂꢀ Wꢏꢅꢆ ꢅꢆꢀ Fꢋꢇꢐaꢄꢀꢇꢅaꢉ Rꢏꢈꢆꢅ ꢅꢃ Vꢃꢅꢀ Wꢏꢅꢆꢃꢋꢅ Cꢉꢀaꢂ aꢇꢐ Sꢌꢀcꢏꢑꢏc

Eꢎꢏꢐꢀꢇcꢀ.

PTV ꢃꢀꢁonglꢅ ꢃꢂppoꢁꢀꢃ ꢁꢂle 168.22(1). Thiꢃ pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle doeꢃ noꢀ conflicꢀ ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀoꢁꢅ

ꢁeqꢂiꢁemenꢀ ꢀhaꢀ a ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe on an abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ applicaꢀion oꢁ an abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ mꢂꢃꢀ

maꢀch ꢀhe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe on file. Raꢀheꢁ, ꢀhe ꢁꢂle claꢁifieꢃ ꢃpecific iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ noꢀ addꢁeꢃꢃed bꢅ ꢀhe

ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀe. Rꢂle 168.22(1) ꢃpecifieꢃ ꢊheꢁe ꢀhe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢆeꢁificaꢀion pꢁoceꢃꢃ ꢃhoꢂld begin, i.e, ꢊiꢀh

a pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion ꢀhaꢀ a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃ ꢀheiꢁ genꢂine, ꢆalid ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe. Thiꢃ pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion

diꢃꢃipaꢀeꢃ if a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢇdiffeꢁꢃ in mꢂlꢀiple, ꢃignificanꢀ, and obꢆioꢂꢃ ꢁeꢃpecꢀꢃ fꢁom ꢀhe

ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe on file.ꢈ A pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion, aꢃ ꢀhaꢀ concepꢀ iꢃ ꢊell ꢂndeꢁꢃꢀood in ꢀhe laꢊ, iꢃ ꢃimplꢅ a

ꢃꢀaꢁꢀing poinꢀ. In ꢀhiꢃ inꢃꢀance, ꢀhe pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion enꢃꢂꢁeꢃ a goꢆeꢁnmenꢀ official haꢃ ꢃpecific

eꢆidence befoꢁe ꢃilencing ꢀhe ꢆoice of a ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁ in Michigan.

The pꢁoceꢃꢃ of eꢆalꢂaꢀing each ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃꢋ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe mꢂꢃꢀ begin ꢃomeꢊheꢁe. And becaꢂꢃe ꢀhe

ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ of ꢀhiꢃ ꢃꢀaꢀe haꢆe a conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀionallꢅ-pꢁoꢀecꢀed ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ, Mich.

Conꢃꢀ. 1963, Aꢁꢀ. II, ꢍ 4(1)(g), a pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion of ꢆalidiꢀꢅ iꢃ ꢀhe ꢁighꢀ place ꢀo ꢃꢀaꢁꢀ. Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe

Voꢀe iꢃ ꢂnaꢊaꢁe of anꢅ oꢀheꢁ ꢃꢀaꢀe ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe ꢃame conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀionallꢅ-pꢁoꢀecꢀed ꢁighꢀ. Thiꢃ facꢀ mꢂꢃꢀ

be ꢀaken inꢀo conꢃideꢁaꢀion ꢊhen compaꢁing Michiganꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢆeꢁificaꢀion ꢃꢅꢃꢀem ꢀo ꢀhaꢀ of

oꢀheꢁ ꢃꢀaꢀeꢃ.

Anꢅ conꢀenꢀion ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂleꢃ aꢁe inꢀended ꢇꢀo ꢃacꢁifice elecꢀion ꢃecꢂꢁiꢀꢅꢈ iꢃ ꢊhollꢅ

ꢊiꢀhoꢂꢀ meꢁiꢀ. Michiganꢋꢃ elecꢀionꢃ - inclꢂding ꢀhe Noꢆembeꢁ 2020 pꢁeꢃidenꢀial elecꢀion foꢁ ꢊhich

ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ almoꢃꢀ idenꢀical ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢆeꢁificaꢀion gꢂidance ꢊaꢃ in place - haꢆe ꢀime and

ꢀime again been pꢁoꢆen ꢃecꢂꢁe. See, e.g., Michigan Senaꢀe Oꢆeꢁꢃighꢀ Commiꢀꢀee, Repoꢁꢀ on

Pꢀꢁꢂꢁꢃe ꢃꢄe Vꢁꢃeꢅꢆ Wꢀꢇꢃꢃeꢈ Cꢁꢂꢂeꢈꢃꢆ ꢇꢈ Sꢉꢊꢊꢁꢀꢃ ꢁf 2021-61 ST aꢈd 2021-62 ST

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

Page 3 of 6

ꢀhe Noꢆembeꢁ 2020 Elecꢀion in Michigan

(hꢀꢀpꢃ://ꢊꢊꢊ.miꢃenaꢀegop.com/oꢆeꢁꢃighꢀcommiꢀꢀeeꢁepoꢁꢀ/). Michigan mꢂꢃꢀ noꢀ infꢁinge ꢂpon ꢀhe

conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀꢃ of ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ baꢃed on falꢃe and ꢂnꢃꢂppoꢁꢀed claimꢃ ꢀhaꢀ Michiganꢋꢃ ꢆoꢀing

ꢃꢅꢃꢀem iꢃ inꢃecꢂꢁe.

In oppoꢃing ꢀhiꢃ ꢁꢂle, ꢃome paꢁꢀieꢃ haꢆe claimed ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ ꢇneaꢁlꢅ idenꢀical gꢂidance,ꢈ

iꢃꢃꢂed in Ocꢀobeꢁ 2020, ꢊaꢃ ꢃꢀꢁꢂck doꢊn bꢅ ꢀhe Coꢂꢁꢀ of Claimꢃ aꢃ ꢇillegal.ꢈ While iꢀ iꢃ ꢀꢁꢂe ꢀhaꢀ

ꢀhiꢃ gꢂidance ꢊaꢃ ꢃꢀꢁꢂck doꢊn bꢅ ꢀhe Coꢂꢁꢀ of Claimꢃ, iꢀ ꢊaꢃ noꢀ ꢃꢀꢁꢂck doꢊn becaꢂꢃe of anꢅ

defecꢀ in ꢀhe ꢃꢂbꢃꢀance of ꢀhe gꢂidance. Raꢀheꢁ, ꢀhe Coꢂꢁꢀ foꢂnd ꢀhe gꢂidance ꢀo be a ꢇꢁꢂleꢈ ꢀhaꢀ

ꢃhoꢂld haꢆe been pꢁomꢂlgaꢀed pꢂꢁꢃꢂanꢀ ꢀo ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀeꢋꢃ Adminiꢃꢀꢁaꢀiꢆe Pꢁocedꢂꢁeꢃ Acꢀ. Opinion

and Oꢁdeꢁ Gꢁanꢀing Sꢂmmaꢁꢅ Diꢃpoꢃiꢀion in Paꢁꢀ ꢀo Plainꢀiffꢃ and Gꢁanꢀing Sꢂmmaꢁꢅ Diꢃpoꢃiꢀion

in Paꢁꢀ ꢀo Defendanꢀꢃ, Geneꢀꢃki ꢆ. Benꢃon, Michigan Coꢂꢁꢀ of Claimꢃ, No. 20-000216-MM, Maꢁ.

9, 2021 aꢀ 14. Thiꢃ iꢃ ꢀhe eꢄacꢀ pꢁoceꢃꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ iꢃ engaged in noꢊ.

Finallꢅ, PTV noꢀeꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢁꢂle 168.22(1) ꢃhoꢂld applꢅ eqꢂallꢅ ꢀo ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ

enꢆelopeꢃ. Aꢃ ꢊꢁiꢀꢀen, ꢀhe pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle pꢁoꢆideꢃ: ꢇ[i]n deꢀeꢁmining foꢁ pꢂꢁpoꢃeꢃ of ꢃecꢀion

761(2) of ꢀhe Michigan elecꢀion laꢊ . . . ꢊheꢀheꢁ a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ applicaꢀion

ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe oꢁ abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ enꢆelope ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe agꢁeeꢃ ꢃꢂfficienꢀlꢅ ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe

on file, ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ mꢂꢃꢀ be ꢁeꢆieꢊed beginning ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃ

hiꢃ oꢁ heꢁ genꢂine, ꢆalid ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe.ꢈ Secꢀion 761(2) peꢁꢀainꢃ onlꢅ ꢀo ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ

balloꢀ applicaꢀionꢃ. In oꢁdeꢁ foꢁ ꢀhe pꢁeꢃꢂmpꢀion of ꢆalidiꢀꢅ ꢀo applꢅ eqꢂallꢅ ꢀo ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on

abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ enꢆelopeꢃ, ꢃecꢀion 766 ꢃhoꢂld be ꢁefeꢁenced in ꢀhe ꢁꢂle aꢃ ꢊell.

B. Tꢆꢀ Pꢂꢃꢌꢃꢍꢀꢐ Rꢋꢉꢀ Sꢆꢃꢋꢉꢐ Bꢀ Rꢀꢎꢏꢍꢀꢐ ꢅꢃ Dꢏꢂꢀcꢅ Eꢉꢀcꢅꢏꢃꢇꢍ Oꢑꢑꢏcꢏaꢉꢍ ꢅꢃ Tꢂꢀaꢅ

Sꢏꢈꢇaꢅꢋꢂꢀꢍ aꢍ Vaꢉꢏꢐ Uꢇꢐꢀꢂ Cꢀꢂꢅaꢏꢇ Cꢏꢂcꢋꢄꢍꢅaꢇcꢀꢍ.

R 164.24(1) pꢁoꢆideꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢇ[e]lecꢀionꢃ officialꢃ ꢃhall conꢃideꢁ ꢀhe folloꢊing aꢃ poꢃꢃible

eꢄplanaꢀionꢃ foꢁ ꢀhe diꢃcꢁepancieꢃ in ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ,ꢈ and ꢀhen liꢃꢀꢃ ꢁeaꢃonꢃ foꢁ ꢀhe poꢃꢃible

diꢃcꢁepancieꢃ. We ꢁecommend claꢁifꢅing ꢀhiꢃ pꢁoꢆiꢃion bꢅ ꢃꢀaꢀing ꢀhaꢀ elecꢀion officialꢃ ꢃhoꢂld

ꢀꢁeaꢀ a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe aꢃ ꢆalid if ꢀhe officialꢃ deꢀeꢁmine ꢀhaꢀ anꢅ diꢃcꢁepancieꢃ aꢁe a ꢁeꢃꢂlꢀ of

ꢀhe enꢂmeꢁaꢀed eꢄampleꢃ. Foꢁ eꢄample, R 164.24(1) coꢂld ꢃꢀaꢀe: ꢇA ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢃhoꢂld be

ꢀꢁeaꢀed aꢃ ꢆalid if an elecꢀion official deꢀeꢁmineꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe diꢃcꢁepancieꢃ aꢁe ꢀhe ꢁeꢃꢂlꢀ of ꢀhe

folloꢊing . . . .ꢈ

In addiꢀion, aꢃ ꢊꢁiꢀꢀen, R 164.24(1)(d), ꢊhich ꢁefeꢁenceꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ ꢊꢁiꢀꢀen ꢇin haꢃꢀe,ꢈ appeaꢁꢃ ꢀo

onlꢅ peꢁꢀain ꢀo ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ enꢆelopeꢃ oꢁ pꢁoꢆiꢃional balloꢀ enꢆelopeꢃ and

noꢀ ꢀo ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ applicaꢀionꢃ. Aꢃ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ on abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ applicaꢀionꢃ

can alꢃo be ꢊꢁiꢀꢀen in haꢃꢀe, PTV ꢁecommendꢃ ꢃimplꢅ ꢃaꢅing ꢇꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢈ in ꢀhiꢃ pꢁoꢆiꢃion, ꢁaꢀheꢁ

ꢀhan ꢁefeꢁꢁing ꢃpecificallꢅ ꢀo ꢇ[ꢀ]he ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe on ꢀhe abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ enꢆelope oꢁ pꢁoꢆiꢃional

balloꢀ enꢆelope.ꢈ

Pꢀꢁꢂꢁꢃe ꢃꢄe Vꢁꢃeꢅꢆ Wꢀꢇꢃꢃeꢈ Cꢁꢂꢂeꢈꢃꢆ ꢇꢈ Sꢉꢊꢊꢁꢀꢃ ꢁf 2021-61 ST aꢈd 2021-62 ST

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

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C. Tꢃ Sꢅꢂꢀꢇꢈꢅꢆꢀꢇ ꢅꢆꢀ Nꢃꢅꢏcꢀ Pꢂꢃꢎꢏꢍꢏꢃꢇꢍ ꢏꢇ ꢅꢆꢏꢍ Pꢂꢃꢌꢃꢍꢀꢐ Rꢋꢉꢀ, Iꢅ Mꢋꢍꢅ Pꢂꢃꢎꢏꢐꢀ ꢑꢃꢂ

MVIC ꢅꢃ Iꢇcꢉꢋꢐꢀ Tꢏꢄꢀꢉꢊ Iꢇꢑꢃꢂꢄaꢅꢏꢃꢇ Abꢃꢋꢅ Sꢏꢈꢇaꢅꢋꢂꢀ Rꢀꢓꢀcꢅꢏꢃꢇꢍ aꢇꢐ Eꢍꢅabꢉꢏꢍꢆ

Rꢀꢌꢃꢂꢅꢏꢇꢈ Rꢀꢔꢋꢏꢂꢀꢄꢀꢇꢅꢍ ꢅꢃ Eꢇꢍꢋꢂꢀ ꢅꢆaꢅ Cꢉꢀꢂꢕꢍ Aꢂꢀ Cꢃꢄꢌꢉꢊꢏꢇꢈ ꢖꢏꢅꢆ ꢅꢆꢀ Rꢋꢉꢀꢁꢍ

Nꢃꢅꢏcꢀ Rꢀꢔꢋꢏꢂꢀꢄꢀꢇꢅꢍ.

PTV ꢂꢁgeꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo inclꢂde a pꢁoꢆiꢃion ꢁeqꢂiꢁing ꢀhe Michigan Voꢀeꢁ Infoꢁmaꢀion Cenꢀeꢁ

(ꢇMVICꢈ) ꢀo inclꢂde ꢀimelꢅ infoꢁmaꢀion aboꢂꢀ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢁejecꢀionꢃ. MVIC iꢃ ꢀhe online poꢁꢀal ꢀhaꢀ

ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢂꢃe ꢀo check ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢃ of ꢀheiꢁ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ applicaꢀionꢃ and ꢀheiꢁ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀꢃ.

MVIC ꢃhoꢊꢃ ꢊhen a cleꢁk ꢁeceiꢆeꢃ a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ applicaꢀion, ꢊhen ꢀhe cleꢁk ꢃendꢃ

ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁ ꢀheiꢁ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ, and ꢊhen ꢀhe cleꢁk ꢁeceiꢆeꢃ ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ compleꢀed abꢃenꢀee

balloꢀ. To fꢂꢁꢀheꢁ ꢃꢀꢁengꢀhen ꢀhe noꢀice pꢁoꢆiꢃionꢃ conꢀained ꢊiꢀhin ꢀhiꢃ pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle, MVIC

ꢃhoꢂld alꢃo cleaꢁlꢅ indicaꢀe anꢅ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ ꢊiꢀh a ꢆoꢀeꢁꢋꢃ applicaꢀion oꢁ balloꢀ and hoꢊ and

bꢅ ꢊhaꢀ deadline ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁ maꢅ cꢂꢁe ꢀheꢃe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ.

In addiꢀion, ꢀo enꢃꢂꢁe compliance ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe noꢀice ꢁeqꢂiꢁemenꢀꢃ in ꢀhe pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle, PTV ꢂꢁgeꢃ

ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo amend ꢀhe ꢁꢂle ꢀo cꢁeaꢀe a ꢁeqꢂiꢁemenꢀ ꢀhaꢀ cleꢁkꢃ docꢂmenꢀ noꢀice ꢀo ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ in

ꢀhe Qꢂalified Voꢀeꢁ File.

D. Tꢆꢀ Pꢂꢃꢌꢃꢍꢀꢐ Rꢋꢉꢀꢍ Sꢆꢃꢋꢉꢐ Bꢀ Aꢄꢀꢇꢐꢀꢐ ꢅꢃ Cꢉaꢂꢏꢑꢊ Cꢀꢂꢅaꢏꢇ Rꢀꢔꢋꢏꢂꢀꢄꢀꢇꢅꢍ, Eꢒꢅꢀꢇꢐ

ꢅꢆꢀ Cꢋꢂꢀ Dꢀaꢐꢉꢏꢇꢀ Bꢀꢊꢃꢇꢐ Eꢉꢀcꢅꢏꢃꢇ Daꢊ, aꢇꢐ Sꢅaꢇꢐaꢂꢐꢏꢗꢀ ꢅꢆꢀ Cꢋꢂꢀ Pꢂꢃcꢀꢍꢍ.

Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe commendꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ foꢁ ꢁeqꢂiꢁing ciꢀꢅ and ꢀoꢊnꢃhip cleꢁkꢃ, in ꢁꢂle 168.25,

ꢀo immediaꢀelꢅ ꢁeꢆieꢊ abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ applicaꢀionꢃ and enꢆelopeꢃ ꢁeceiꢆed leꢃꢃ ꢀhan fiꢆe

calendaꢁ daꢅꢃ pꢁioꢁ ꢀo an elecꢀion and ꢀo immediaꢀelꢅ conꢀacꢀ a ꢆoꢀeꢁ ꢊhoꢃe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃ

ꢁejecꢀed. Thiꢃ pꢁoꢆiꢃion ꢊill go a long ꢊaꢅ ꢀoꢊaꢁdꢃ enꢃꢂꢁing ꢀhaꢀ all ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ aꢀꢀempꢀing

ꢀo eꢄeꢁciꢃe ꢀheiꢁ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ ꢊill be able ꢀo do ꢃo.

Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe alꢃo noꢀeꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢇimmediaꢀelꢅꢈ maꢅ mean diffeꢁenꢀ ꢀhingꢃ ꢀo diffeꢁenꢀ elecꢀion

officialꢃ. See, e.g., Elecꢀion Officialꢃꢋ Manꢂal, ꢇChapꢀeꢁ 6: Michiganꢋꢃ Abꢃenꢀee Voꢀing Pꢁoceꢃꢃꢈ

aꢀ 7

(hꢀꢀpꢃ://ꢊꢊꢊ.michigan.goꢆ/docꢂmenꢀꢃ/ꢃoꢃ/VI_Michiganꢃ_Abꢃenꢀee_Voꢀing_Pꢁoceꢃꢃ_265992_7.

pdf) (defining ꢇimmediaꢀelꢅꢈ in ꢀhe conꢀeꢄꢀ of iꢃꢃꢂing abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀꢃ ꢀo mean ꢊiꢀhin 24

hoꢂꢁꢃ). Theꢁefoꢁe, Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe ꢂꢁgeꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo define ꢀhaꢀ ꢀeꢁm in ꢀhe ꢁꢂle ꢀo enꢃꢂꢁe

ꢀhaꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢁeceiꢆe adeqꢂaꢀe noꢀice and oppoꢁꢀꢂniꢀꢅ ꢀo cꢂꢁe.

Fꢂꢁꢀheꢁmoꢁe, bꢅ pꢁoꢆiding in ꢁꢂle 168.26 ꢀhaꢀ ꢇ[a] ꢆoꢀeꢁ maꢅ cꢂꢁe a miꢃꢃing oꢁ miꢃmaꢀched

ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe ꢂp ꢂnꢀil ꢀhe cloꢃe of pollꢃ on Elecꢀion Daꢅ,ꢈ ꢀhe pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle failꢃ ꢀo affoꢁd dꢂe

pꢁoceꢃꢃ ꢀo ꢀhoꢃe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢊhoꢃe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁeꢃ aꢁe ꢁejecꢀed on oꢁ cloꢃe ꢀo Elecꢀion Daꢅ. Foꢁ eꢄample,

eꢆen if a cleꢁk immediaꢀelꢅ ꢁeꢆieꢊꢃ a balloꢀ enꢆelope ꢀhaꢀ iꢃ ꢁeꢀꢂꢁned aꢀ 4 p.m. on Elecꢀion Daꢅ,

and eꢆen if ꢀhaꢀ cleꢁk immediaꢀelꢅ ꢁeacheꢃ ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁ bꢅ phone ꢀo ꢀell heꢁ ꢀhaꢀ heꢁ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe haꢃ

been ꢁejecꢀed, ꢀhe ꢆoꢀeꢁ haꢃ an ꢂnꢁeaꢃonablꢅ limiꢀed amoꢂnꢀ of ꢀime ꢊiꢀhin ꢊhich ꢀo cꢂꢁe ꢀhe

iꢃꢃꢂe bꢅ ꢀhe 8pm deadline. Theꢁefoꢁe, PTV ꢂꢁgeꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo amend ꢀhiꢃ ꢁꢂle ꢀo pꢁoꢆide

Pꢀꢁꢂꢁꢃe ꢃꢄe Vꢁꢃeꢅꢆ Wꢀꢇꢃꢃeꢈ Cꢁꢂꢂeꢈꢃꢆ ꢇꢈ Sꢉꢊꢊꢁꢀꢃ ꢁf 2021-61 ST aꢈd 2021-62 ST

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

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ꢀhaꢀ anꢅ ꢆoꢀeꢁ ꢊhoꢃe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃ ꢁejecꢀed on oꢁ cloꢃe ꢀo Elecꢀion Daꢅ haꢃ ꢂnꢀil ꢃiꢄ daꢅꢃ afꢀeꢁ ꢀhe

elecꢀion ꢀo cꢂꢁe anꢅ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ. The legiꢃlaꢀꢂꢁe haꢃ alꢁeadꢅ deꢀeꢁmined ꢀhaꢀ ꢃiꢄ daꢅꢃ iꢃ a

ꢁeaꢃonable cꢂꢁe peꢁiod, aꢃ iꢀ iꢃ ꢀhe eꢄiꢃꢀing cꢂꢁe peꢁiod foꢁ pꢁoꢆiꢃional balloꢀꢃ ꢂndeꢁ MCL

168.813. Amending ꢀhiꢃ ꢁꢂle ꢀo pꢁoꢆide ꢀhaꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢊiꢀh ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ maꢅ cꢂꢁe ꢂp ꢂnꢀil ꢃiꢄ

daꢅꢃ afꢀeꢁ an elecꢀion ꢊill enꢃꢂꢁe ꢀhaꢀ all ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢊill haꢆe dꢂe pꢁoceꢃꢃ befoꢁe being denied ꢀheiꢁ

conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ.

In addiꢀion, ꢁꢂle 168.26 pꢁoꢆideꢃ ꢀhaꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ maꢅ cꢂꢁe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ ꢇbꢅ pꢁoꢆiding a ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe

on ꢀhe abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀ applicaꢀion oꢁ balloꢀ enꢆelope . . . oꢁ bꢅ pꢁoꢆiding a ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe on

anoꢀheꢁ foꢁm oꢁ meꢀhod aꢃ ꢃpecified bꢅ ꢀhe elecꢀion official on ꢀheiꢁ ꢊebꢃiꢀe oꢁ in ꢀhe elecꢀion

officialꢋꢃ office.ꢈ Alloꢊing each elecꢀion official ꢀo deꢀeꢁmine ꢀhe ꢊaꢅ in ꢊhich ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ

maꢅ be cꢂꢁed ꢊill lead ꢀo cꢂꢁe pꢁoceꢃꢃeꢃ ꢊhich ꢆaꢁꢅ bꢅ jꢂꢁiꢃdicꢀion, aꢁe ꢂneqꢂal and poꢀenꢀiallꢅ

ꢂnlaꢊfꢂl, and ꢊhich ꢀhꢁeaꢀen ꢀo diꢃenfꢁanchiꢃe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ. Foꢁ eꢄample, ꢃome local cleꢁkꢃ maꢅ alloꢊ

ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢀo cꢂꢁe ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ ꢁemoꢀelꢅ - bꢅ faꢄing oꢁ emailing a neꢊ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe - ꢊhile oꢀheꢁꢃ

maꢅ ꢁeqꢂiꢁe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢀo come ꢀo ꢀheiꢁ office ꢀo do ꢃo. And, aꢃ haꢃ ꢂnlaꢊfꢂllꢅ been done in ꢀhe

paꢃꢀ, oꢀheꢁ cleꢁkꢃ maꢅ ꢁeqꢂiꢁe ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ ꢀo appeaꢁ in ꢀhe office ꢊiꢀh phoꢀo idenꢀificaꢀion ꢀo cꢂꢁe a

ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂe.

Theꢁefoꢁe, Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe ꢂꢁgeꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo pꢁoꢆide ꢂnifoꢁm pꢁocedꢂꢁeꢃ and ꢂnifoꢁm

foꢁmꢃ, ꢃꢂch aꢃ a cꢂꢁe foꢁm, ꢀo enꢃꢂꢁe ꢀhaꢀ Michigan ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ haꢆe a ꢃingle, ꢃimple,

ꢃꢀꢁaighꢀfoꢁꢊaꢁd, and ꢁeadilꢅ-acceꢃꢃible ꢃꢅꢃꢀem foꢁ cꢂꢁing anꢅ ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ. Unifoꢁm

pꢁocedꢂꢁeꢃ and foꢁmꢃ ꢊill enꢃꢂꢁe Michigan haꢃ an eqꢂallꢅ-acceꢃꢃible ꢃꢅꢃꢀem foꢁ cꢂꢁing

ꢃignaꢀꢂꢁe iꢃꢃꢂeꢃ ꢀhꢁoꢂghoꢂꢀ ꢀhe ꢃꢀaꢀe. Finallꢅ, all ꢃꢀandaꢁdiꢉed cꢂꢁe foꢁmꢃ mꢂꢃꢀ be aꢆailable on

ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ ꢊebꢃiꢀe, aꢃ noꢀ all ciꢀꢅ and ꢀoꢊnꢃhip cleꢁkꢃ haꢆe ꢀhe abiliꢀꢅ ꢀo poꢃꢀ ꢃꢂch foꢁmꢃ on

ꢀheiꢁ ꢊebꢃiꢀeꢃ.

Aꢃ eꢄplained moꢁe fꢂllꢅ aboꢆe, amending ꢀhe pꢁopoꢃed ꢁꢂle in ꢀheꢃe ꢊaꢅꢃ iꢃ ꢊell ꢊiꢀhin ꢀhe

Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅꢋꢃ aꢂꢀhoꢁiꢀꢅ, aꢃ iꢀ fiꢀꢃ ꢃqꢂaꢁelꢅ ꢊiꢀhin heꢁ obligaꢀion ꢀo oꢆeꢁꢃee ꢇꢀhe condꢂcꢀ of elecꢀionꢃ

and ꢁegiꢃꢀꢁaꢀionꢃ.ꢈ MCL 168.31. Becaꢂꢃe ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢊoꢂld noꢀ be acꢀing ꢇin eꢄceꢃꢃ of [heꢁ]

ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀoꢁꢅ aꢂꢀhoꢁiꢀꢅ oꢁ jꢂꢁiꢃdicꢀion,ꢈ Clam Lake Toꢊnꢃhip ꢆ. LARA, 500 Mich. 362, 372 (2017), oꢁ

ꢀaking a poꢃiꢀion ꢀhaꢀ ꢇconflicꢀ[ꢃ] ꢊiꢀh ꢀhe Legiꢃlaꢀꢂꢁeꢋꢃ inꢀenꢀ aꢃ eꢄpꢁeꢃꢃed in ꢀhe langꢂage of ꢀhe

ꢃꢀaꢀꢂꢀe[ꢃ] aꢀ iꢃꢃꢂe,ꢈ Yoꢂnkin ꢆ. Zimmeꢁ, 497 Mich. 7, 10 (2014) (inꢀeꢁnal qꢂoꢀaꢀion omiꢀꢀed), no

gꢁoꢂndꢃ ꢊoꢂld eꢄiꢃꢀ foꢁ ꢃeꢀꢀing aꢃide ꢃꢂch ꢁeꢆiꢃionꢃ.

II.

Pꢂꢃꢄꢃꢅꢀ ꢅꢆꢀ Vꢃꢅꢀ Sꢅꢂꢃꢇꢈꢉꢊ Sꢋꢌꢌꢃꢂꢅꢍ ꢅꢆꢀ Aꢎaꢏꢉabꢏꢉꢏꢅꢊ ꢃꢑ aꢇ Oꢇꢉꢏꢇꢀ Abꢍꢀꢇꢅꢀꢀ Baꢉꢉꢃꢅ

Aꢌꢌꢉꢏcaꢅꢏꢃꢇ aꢇꢐ Uꢂꢈꢀꢍ ꢅꢆꢀ Sꢀcꢂꢀꢅaꢂꢊ ꢅꢃ Eꢒꢌaꢇꢐ 2021-62 ST ꢅꢃ Eꢇꢍꢋꢂꢀ Oꢇꢉꢏꢇꢀ

Accꢀꢍꢍ ꢅꢃ a Pꢂꢏꢇꢅabꢉꢀ Aꢌꢌꢉꢏcaꢅꢏꢃꢇ aꢍ Wꢀꢉꢉ ꢑꢃꢂ Vꢃꢅꢀꢂꢍ Wꢆꢃ Pꢂꢀꢑꢀꢂ Tꢃ Aꢌꢌꢉꢊ bꢊ Maꢏꢉ.

The aꢆailabiliꢀꢅ of an online applicaꢀion foꢁ abꢃenꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁ balloꢀꢃ foꢁ all ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ in

Michigan iꢃ cꢁiꢀical. Oꢂꢁ ꢃꢀaꢀe conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀion pꢁoꢆideꢃ ꢀhe ꢁighꢀ ꢀo an abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ foꢁ all

ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ, Mich. Conꢃꢀ. 1963, Aꢁꢀ. II, ꢍ 4(1)(g), and Michigandeꢁꢃ oꢆeꢁꢊhelminglꢅ

ꢃꢂppoꢁꢀ making abꢃenꢀee ꢆoꢀing moꢁe acceꢃꢃible. Robꢂꢃꢀ acceꢃꢃ ꢀo an online applicaꢀion iꢃ

Pꢀꢁꢂꢁꢃe ꢃꢄe Vꢁꢃeꢅꢆ Wꢀꢇꢃꢃeꢈ Cꢁꢂꢂeꢈꢃꢆ ꢇꢈ Sꢉꢊꢊꢁꢀꢃ ꢁf 2021-61 ST aꢈd 2021-62 ST

Ocꢀobeꢁ 1, 2021

Page 6 of 6

neceꢃꢃaꢁꢅ ꢀo enꢃꢂꢁe ꢀhaꢀ all ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ in Michigan can fꢂllꢅ eꢄeꢁciꢃe ꢀhiꢃ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional

ꢁighꢀ ꢊiꢀhoꢂꢀ ꢂndꢂe bꢂꢁden. Indeed, ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ conꢀinꢂe ꢀo ꢂꢃe abꢃenꢀee ꢆoꢀing aꢀ

eꢄꢀꢁaoꢁdinaꢁilꢅ high ꢁaꢀeꢃ - oꢆeꢁ 60% - and ꢀhiꢃ ꢁꢂle ꢊoꢂld codifꢅ an impoꢁꢀanꢀ opꢀion ꢀhaꢀ ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ

cꢂꢁꢁenꢀlꢅ ꢂꢃe ꢀo do ꢃo.

Finallꢅ, ꢊhile pꢁoꢆiding an online applicaꢀion opꢀion iꢃ cꢁꢂcial, oꢀheꢁ ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ maꢅ pꢁefeꢁ ꢀo applꢅ

foꢁ an abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ bꢅ mail. To faciliꢀaꢀe ꢀhiꢃ pꢁoceꢃꢃ, Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe encoꢂꢁageꢃ ꢀhe

Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ ꢀo add ꢀo ꢀhiꢃ ꢁꢂle a ꢁeqꢂiꢁemenꢀ ꢀhaꢀ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ pꢁoꢆide a pdf of ꢀhe applicaꢀion

foꢁm on ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ'ꢃ ꢊebꢃiꢀe. Again, ꢀhiꢃ iꢃ cꢁiꢀical becaꢂꢃe noꢀ all ciꢀꢅ and ꢀoꢊnꢃhip cleꢁkꢃ

haꢆe ꢀhe abiliꢀꢅ ꢀo poꢃꢀ ꢃꢂch a foꢁm on ꢀheiꢁ ꢊebꢃiꢀeꢃ.

III.

Cꢃꢇcꢉꢋꢍꢏꢃꢇ

Michiganꢋꢃ abꢃenꢀee ꢆoꢀing ꢃꢅꢃꢀem haꢃ eꢄiꢃꢀed foꢁ geneꢁaꢀionꢃ. Hoꢊeꢆeꢁ, foꢁ faꢁ ꢀoo long, iꢀ ꢊaꢃ

onlꢅ aꢆailable ꢀo ceꢁꢀain ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ. In 2018, Michigan ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ changed ꢀhe laꢊ ꢀo giꢆe all ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed

ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ a fꢂll and eqꢂal conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ. Thiꢃ change ended ꢅeaꢁꢃ

of diꢃcꢁiminaꢀion and eꢄclꢂꢃion of ꢃome ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ fꢁom ꢀhe benefiꢀꢃ of abꢃenꢀee ꢆoꢀing.

Commenꢀꢃ ꢃꢂbmiꢀꢀed bꢅ ꢃome of ꢀhe ꢁꢂleꢃꢋ cꢁiꢀicꢃ ꢁepꢁeꢃenꢀ a fꢂll aꢃꢃaꢂlꢀ on ꢀhe ꢃꢅꢃꢀem of

abꢃenꢀee ꢆoꢀing ꢀhaꢀ Michigan haꢃ enjoꢅed foꢁ ꢅeaꢁꢃ - a ꢃꢅꢃꢀem ꢀhaꢀ ꢀheꢃe cꢁiꢀicꢃ ꢀook no iꢃꢃꢂe

ꢊiꢀh ꢊhen iꢀ ꢊaꢃ ꢂneqꢂal and eꢄclꢂꢃionaꢁꢅ. Noꢊ ꢀhaꢀ millionꢃ of ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ in Michigan - ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ of all

ageꢃ, ꢁaceꢃ, ꢁeligionꢃ, and poliꢀical peꢁꢃꢂaꢃionꢃ - aꢁe eꢄeꢁciꢃing ꢀheiꢁ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe

bꢅ abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ, ꢀheꢃe cꢁiꢀicꢃ ꢊanꢀ ꢀo make iꢀ haꢁdeꢁ ꢀo do ꢃo bꢅ eꢁecꢀing nꢂmeꢁoꢂꢃ,

bꢂꢁdenꢃome hꢂꢁdleꢃ. The effecꢀ ꢊill be ꢀo once again ꢁeꢀꢂꢁn ꢀo an ꢂneqꢂal ꢃꢅꢃꢀem of abꢃenꢀee

ꢆoꢀing ꢀhaꢀ eꢄclꢂdeꢃ laꢁge ꢃꢊaꢀhꢃ of oꢂꢁ felloꢊ Michigandeꢁꢃ.

Aꢃ ꢃꢀaꢀed aboꢆe, Pꢁomoꢀe ꢀhe Voꢀe commendꢃ ꢀhe Secꢁeꢀaꢁꢅ foꢁ pꢁomꢂlgaꢀing ꢀheꢃe ꢁꢂleꢃ,

ꢊhich ꢊill help enꢃꢂꢁe ꢀhaꢀ all Michigandeꢁꢃ maꢅ eꢄeꢁciꢃe ꢀheiꢁ conꢃꢀiꢀꢂꢀional ꢁighꢀ ꢀo ꢆoꢀe bꢅ

abꢃenꢀee balloꢀ and ꢂꢁgeꢃ heꢁ ꢀo eꢄpand ꢀhem ꢀo pꢁoꢆide gꢁeaꢀeꢁ pꢁoꢀecꢀion foꢁ ꢁegiꢃꢀeꢁed

ꢆoꢀeꢁꢃ. Voꢀing iꢃ a fꢂndamenꢀal ꢁighꢀ - a ꢁighꢀ pꢁeꢃeꢁꢆaꢀiꢆe of all oꢀheꢁ ꢁighꢀꢃ - and ꢊe mꢂꢃꢀ do

eꢆeꢁꢅꢀhing ꢊe can ꢀo pꢁoꢀecꢀ iꢀ.

Sinceꢁelꢅ,

Shiꢁa Roꢉa

Voꢀing Righꢀꢃ Manageꢁ

October 1, 2021

Via Electronic Mail to: Elections@Michigan.gov

Michigan Bureau of Elections

PO Box 20126

Lansing, MI 48901

Re:

Public Comment on Proposed Ruleset 2021-61 ST

I write to provide comment on the Department of State, Elections & Campaign Finance proposed

Administrative Rules for Signature Matching Standards for Absent Voter Ballot Applications and

Absent Voter Ballot Envelopes (Rule Set 2021-61 ST). I strongly oppose these rules as written and

find them to be in direct contradiction to existing Michigan election law.

MCL 168.761 states in part that:

(2) The qualified voter file must be used to determine the genuineness of a signature on an

application for an absent voter ballot. Signature comparisons must be made with the digitized

signature in the qualified voter file. If the qualified voter file does not contain a digitized

signature of an elector, or is not accessible to the clerk, the city or township clerk shall

compare the signature appearing on the application for an absent voter ballot to the signature

contained on the master card. [emphasis added]

While MCL 168.766 states in part that:

(2) The qualified voter file must be used to determine the genuineness of a signature on an

envelope containing an absent voter ballot. Signature comparisons must be made with the

digitized signature in the qualified voter file. If the qualified voter file does not contain a

digitized signature of an elector, or is not accessible to the clerk, the city or township clerk

shall compare the signature appearing on an envelope containing an absent voter ballot to the

signature contained on the master card. [emphasis added]

However, the proposed administrative rules state in part that “signatures must be reviewed beginning

with the presumption that the voter’s signature is his or her genuine, valid signature.” [emphasis

added] This is in direct conflict with the statutory language which instructs clerks to “determine” the

genuineness of signatures.

Furthermore, the proposed administrative rules go on to say that “if there are any redeeming

qualities…the signature must be treated as valid.” [emphasis added] This is a vague and biased

standard that would serve to always err on the side of declaring a signature to be genuine and valid and

which again does not conform to the statutory language which states that a clerk’s determination

should be based on whether “the signature on the absent voter ballot application does not agree

sufficiently with the signature on the master card or the digitized signature contained in the qualified

voter file”. [MCL 168.761, emphasis added]

Page 2

Finally, the proposed rules also provide for a clerk to utilize hypothetical factors such as “the

possibility that the voter is disabled” without any due diligence or contact with the voter to make such

a determination. This goes beyond the authority of the administrative rulemaking process and seeks to

instead make changes to election law that would be properly considered by the legislature.

I would further comment, that current law provides for a cure process to be used by clerks when there

is a doubt as to the genuineness of a signature submitted on an absentee ballot application or absentee

ballot envelope. And in fact, the legislature strengthened and added new protections for voters in this

regard in my sponsored Senate Bill 757 of 2020 which was passed by the legislature and signed into

law by the governor on October 7, 2020. This legislation made statutory changes which require clerks

to notify a voter so that they have an opportunity to rectify cases in which the signature submitted does

not agree sufficiently with the signature on file “as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 48

hours after determining the signatures do not agree sufficiently or that the signature is missing.”

I feel strongly that the presumption of genuineness contained in these proposed administrative rules is

inappropriate and not in conformance with existing Michigan election law. Nor is the provision to

mandate the acceptance of a signature as genuine if it has “any” redeeming quality whatsoever. The

“determination” of genuineness as provided in law should be a wholistic one to ensure that the

signature - as stated in statute - “agrees sufficiently” with the signature on file. Finally, guidance to

clerks that they may consider hypothetical factors such as the “possibility that the voter is disabled”

without contacting the voter or having other factual grounds to make such a determination is also not

consistent with existing law and constitutes an overreach in the rulemaking process which spills into

the sole domain of the legislature.

Administrative rules for signature matching should pertain to signature matching (i.e. guidance to

clerks with the input of handwriting experts which assists clerks in making a determination as to the

genuineness of a signature). These proposed rules as written would instead serve to abrogate clerks’

statutory role by presuming signatures to be valid upon receipt, accepting signatures regardless of

whether they “agree sufficiently” if they have “any” redeeming quality, and by allowing clerks to

guess reasons as to why a signature may not match with no further verification or grounds for that

determination.

Sincerely,

Ruth A. Johnson

State Senator, 14^thDistrict

Chair, Senate Elections Committee

Cc:

Representative Luke Meerman, Chairperson

Senator Jon Bumstead, Alternate Chairperson

Joint Committee on Administrative Rules

VIA Electronic Mail

October 1, 2021

Michigan Secretary of State

Bureau of Elections

Richard H. Austin Building – 1^stFloor

430 West Allegan Street

Lansing, MI 48918

Elections@Michigan.gov

Re:

Republican National Committee Comment Regarding Proposed Rule MCL 168.21-26

The Republican National Committee (“RNC”) submits this comment with respect to the notice for

proposed rules to the Michigan Administrative Code, specifically the Administrative Rules of Signature

Matching Standards for Absent Voter Ballot Applications and Absent Voter Ballot Envelopes, or what

can be summarized as your office’s “signature verification nullification” proposal. The RNC is the

national political committee responsible for managing the party’s business at the national level, supports

Republican candidates for public office, and represents the party’s interests in protecting election

integrity and voting rights. The RNC has a specific interest in ensuring all state election laws are fair,

equal, and maintain adequate safeguards, including in Michigan. The RNC opposes the new rule

proposed by the Michigan Department of State.

Background

Michigan law requires voters to sign applications for absent voter ballots in order to receive a ballot.

MCL 168.759, MCL 168.761. In addition, voters who choose to vote by absent voter ballot are required

to sign their absent voter ballot return envelopes in order to have their ballots counted. MCL 168.764a.

Under Michigan law, signatures on applications or return envelopes that do not “agree sufficiently” with

those on file must be rejected. MCL 168.761(2).

Secretary Benson has consistently, and unfortunately, made clear that she does not want serious or

meaningful signature verification to take place, and instead will use all tools at her disposal—and even

some outside her legitimate scope of authority—to attempt to nullify verification provisions. The RNC

strongly disagrees with this politicization of the Secretary of State’s office, as well as the disregard for

meaningful absentee integrity safeguards in the form of proposed rules like those discussed below that

undermine the rule of law by sending the message that in Michigan signatures will be presumed valid,

even if the majority of information indicates that they are not.

Last year, Secretary Benson ramped up her attempts at signature verification nullification under the

guise of guidance for local clerks in a document entitled “Absent Voter Ballot Processing: Signature and

Voter Notification Standards,” which manufactured presumptions that the signatures on an absent voter

ballot application or return envelope are valid. As Secretary Benson is fully aware, her efforts to create

from whole cloth such presumptions of signature validity were struck down by the Michigan Court of

Claims as violating the Administrative Procedure Act, with the Court noting that “the presumption is

Page 1 of 3

found nowhere in statute.” Genetski v. Benson, No. 20-000216-MM, 2021 WL 1624452, at *6 (Mich.

Ct. Cl. Mar. 09, 2021).

Proposed R 168.22 is Unworkable and Inconsistent with Michigan Statute

Apparently undaunted by her setback in the Genetski case, Secretary Benson is at it again, ignoring

the provisions of Michigan law requiring sufficient agreement with signatures on file and instead

attempting to create a new, initial presumption of signature validity in this newly proposed R 168.22 and

168.23. This presumption is unworkable for any sort of serious verification effort, and in practice will

serve to nullify the verification requirement under MCL 168.761(2).

Proposed Rule 2(2) creates a new standard that “[a] voter’s signature should be considered invalid

only if it differs in multiple, significant, and obvious respects from the signature on file.” (Emphasis

added). Under this proposed rule, if a signature differs in an obvious and significant manner from the

one on file, it would still be considered valid because there are not multiple differences. In other words,

even a signature with one huge significant and obvious difference from the one on file would have to be

treated as valid under the proposed rule. This, of course, is at odds with the statutory standard of sufficient

agreement and is not only a solution in search of a problem,¹but also is a solution that will invite and

enable mischief. A simple edit to this proposed rule that would make it closer to being in line with

Michigan law would be to replace the word “and” with “or” so the rule would then read: “(2) A voter’s

signature should be considered invalid only if it differs in multiple, significant, or obvious respects from

the signature on file.”

Proposed R 168.23 Creates a “1 Redeeming Quality” Loophole for Fraud

For a proposed regulation to be consistent with Michigan law, it should require an evaluation of

multiple characteristics to determine if signatures agree sufficiently. An example of an approach that

would be consistent with Michigan’s statutory requirement is Colorado’s two-step analysis of a

signature’s broad and local characteristics. This thoughtful approach promulgated by Colorado does not

rely upon presumptions, but instead acknowledges that “verification plays an important role in our

elections because it ensures that only those individuals eligible to vote have their vote counted.”²

In contrast to the Colorado two-step analysis verification approach, and to the requirement in

Michigan law, Secretary Benson’s Proposed Rule 3(1) mandates that a signature must be treated as valid

if there are any “redeeming qualities.” That would mean that if there were nine factors which indicate a

signature is fraudulent, but just one factor – such as one letter in a signature matches one letter in the

signature on file – that one “redeeming quality” would mean that the signature must be treated as valid.

In fact, the proposed Rule goes on to spell out in part (d) that the signature must be treated as valid even

if only the first letters of the first and last names match. This made-up approach of relying upon one

letter for verification is not something that could with a straight face be described as any sort of actual

verification and/or checking for sufficient agreement. We urge the Secretary to scrap this whole

proposed rule section and instead adopt a serious verification process based upon Colorado, where

¹No evidence has been presented to indicate that valid signatures are being disregarded through the verification process, so

this effort to replace verification with a presumption is created for no reason.

2

See Signature Verification Guide, COLO. SEC’Y OF STATE (2018),

https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/docs/SignatureVerificationGuide.pdf .

Page 2 of 3

multiple objective factors such as the type of writing, the speed of writing, overall spacing, overall size

and proportions, slant of writing and spelling are all examined.

Conclusion

Secretary Benson’s insistence here on getting rid of any sort of serious verification and instead

creating a presumption of signature validity is not only incompatible with the statutory requirements of

MCL 168.761(2), but also raises the question of why she is so focused on nullifying Michigan law and

eliminating effective signature verification?

The Republican National Committee is committed to ensuring the fundamental right for U.S.

Citizens to vote is protected. Part of that commitment includes instilling confidence in the electoral

system. Unfortunately, these proposed rules are nothing more than a signature verification nullification

proposal that will deeply undermine confidence in Michigan’s electoral process.

Sincerely,

Ronna McDaniel

RNC Chairwoman

Copy to (via email only):

Michael Brady

Chief Legal Director, Michigan Department of State

bradym@michigan.gov

Jonathan Brater

Director, Michigan Bureau of Elections

braterj@michigan.gov

Page 3 of 3

Remlinger, Brian (MDOS-Contractor)

From:

Sent:

To:

Barbara Merritt <barb2730@gmail.com>

Wednesday, September 22, 2021 2:32 PM

SOS, Elections

Subject:

Absentee Ballot Signatures

CAUTION: This is an External email. Please send suspicious emails to abuse@michigan.gov

To Whom it may concern,

I am writing to voice my opinion as a voter and a deputy clerk in Michigan. We have verified signatures on AV ballots for

years. If we have an issue with a signature in our office, we contact that voter. Said voter brings in proper ID to verify

who they are and will update their signature with us. To this date we have never received any negative feedback. Our

voters are grateful that we are so diligent in doing our jobs. It has also gone as far as receiving Thank you notes in the

mail from voters. I believe this practice of verifying signatures should remain as part of our election process. Especially

now that we have so many new Absentee Voters.

Thank you for reading my thoughts.

A concerned voter,

Barbara Merritt

Sent from my iPhone

1

September 30, 2021

VIA E-MAIL elections@michigan.gov

Michigan Bureau of Elections

P.O. Box 20126

Lansing, MI 48901

RE:

Comments on Rules 2021-61 ST and 2021-62 ST

Dear Friends,

Disability Rights Michigan (DRM) is the independent, nonprofit, nonpartisan organization

mandated to provide information and advocacy to people with disabilities in Michigan.

DRM is pleased to comment on Rules 2021-61 ST and 2021-62 ST. People with disabilities

experience barriers to exercising their hard-won freedom to vote at twice the level faced by

voters without disabilities. They are especially sensitive to increased paperwork requirements,

additional ID requirements, barriers to obtaining and casting absentee ballots, requirements

that rely on easy access to transportation or physical access to public offices, or amplification of

selective, partisan interference with the counting of ballots.

Viewed in this context, proposed rule 2021-61 reduces barriers to voting for people with

disabilities. In particular, the presumptive validity of voter signatures, the ability to use secure

electronic signatures from drivers’ license records, the consideration of disability in reviewing

differences in signatures, and the relatively broad range of opportunities to cure signature

differences can make successful voting more likely for people with disabilities. We assume the

range of cures includes the opportunity to offer reasonable accommodations as required by

federal and state law in providing or curing defects in signatures.

Likewise, proposed rule 2021-62 reduces barriers to access by providing for a standardized

online application which includes the opportunity to use a stored digital signature.

Both rules could be strengthened by explicitly acknowledging the possibility that voters may

request accommodations and could engage in an interactive process to determine specific

reasonable accommodations in the voting process.

Thank you for the opportunity to comment on these proposed rules. Please contact me in our

Lansing office or at mmcwilliams@drmich.org if you have any questions or need further

information.

Very truly yours,

Mark McWilliams

Mark McWilliams, Attorney

Director, Public Policy and Media Relations

(he, him)

Disability Rights Michigan

4095 Legacy Parkway

Lansing, MI 48911

(517) 487-1755 or (800) 288-5923

www.drmich.org