DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY  
AIR QUALITY DIVISION  
PART 11. CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING  
(By authority conferred on the director of the department of environmental quality  
by sections 5503 and 5512 of 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.5503 and 324.5512, and  
Executive Reorganization Order No. 1995-18, MCL 324.99903)  
R 336.2101  
generators.  
Continuous emission monitoring, fossil fuel-fired steam  
Rule 1101. (1) Except as specified in R 336.2199, the owner or operator of any  
fossil fuel-fired steam generator that has an annual average capacity factor of more  
than 30%, as reported to the federal power commission for calendar year 1974, or  
as otherwise determined by the department, shall install, calibrate, maintain, and  
operate a continuous monitoring system for the measurement of all of the following:  
(a) Opacity, if the generator has more than 250,000,000 Btu's per hour heat input,  
unless gaseous fuel is the only fuel burned, or unless oil or a mixture of gas and oil  
are the only fuels burned and the source  
is able to comply with the applicable  
particulate matter and opacity standards without utilization of particulate matter  
collection equipment, and where the source has never been found from any  
administrative or judicial proceedings to be in violation of the applicable visible  
emission standard.  
(b) Sulfur dioxide, if the generator has a per hour heat input of more than  
250,000,000 Btu's and if sulfur dioxide emission control equipment has been installed.  
(c) Nitrogen oxides if the generator has a per hour heat input of more than  
1,000,000,000 Btu's, is subject to a nitrogen oxides emission standard, and is located  
in an air quality control region that has been determined by the administrator of  
the United States environmental protection agency to require a control strategy for  
nitrogen oxides, unless the owner or operator demon-strates, by source emission  
compliance tests, that the source emits nitrogen oxides at levels 30% or more below  
the applicable nitrogen oxide emission standard.  
(d) Oxygen or carbon dioxide percentage, if measurement of oxygen or carbon  
dioxide in the flue gas is required to convert either sulfur dioxide or nitrogen  
oxides continuous emission monitoring data to units of the applicable emission  
standard.  
(2) The owner or operator of any source subject to subrule (1) of this rule shall  
complete the installation and performance tests of the equipment required by  
subrule (1) of this rule and shall begin monitoring and recording within 18 months of the  
effective date of this rule.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS.  
Page 1  
R 336.2102 Continuous emission monitoring; sulfuric  
facilities.  
acid-producing  
Rule 1102. (1) Except as provided in R 336.2199, the owner or operator of any  
sulfuric acid plant having a production capacity of more than 300 tons per day, the  
production capacity being expressed as 100% acid, shall install, calibrate, maintain,  
and operate a continuous monitoring system for the measurement of sulfur dioxide for  
each sulfuric acid-producing facility within such plant.  
(2) The owner or operator of any source subject to the provisions of subrule (1)  
shall complete the installation and performance tests of the equipment required by  
subrule (1) and shall begin monitoring and recording within 18 months from the  
effective date of this rule.  
History: 1980 AACS.  
R 336.2103 Continuous emission monitoring, fluid bed catalytic cracking unit  
catalyst regenerators at petroleum refineries.  
Rule 1103. (1) Except as provided in R 336.2199, the owner or operator of any  
fluid bed catalytic cracking unit catalyst regenerator at a petroleum refinery  
having a per day fresh feed capacity of more than 20,000 barrels shall install,  
calibrate, maintain,  
and  
operate  
a continuous monitoring system for the  
measurement of opacity.  
(2) The owner or operator of any source subject to the provisions of subrule (1)  
shall complete the installation and performance tests of the equipment required by  
subrule (1) and shall begin monitoring and recording within 18 months from the  
effective date of this rule.  
History: 1980 AACS.  
R 336.2103a Applicability of rules for mercury emissions.  
Rule 1103a. (1) R 336.2104 and R 336.2160 do not apply to affected EGUs for  
which the federal MATS, adopted by reference in R 336.2502, is an applicable  
requirement relative to emissions of mercury.  
(2) If the federal MATS ceases to be an applicable requirement as to affected EGUs,  
R 336.2104 and R 336.2160 shall apply beginning with the third calendar month  
following the termination of the federal MATS as an applicable requirement or  
April 16, 2015, whichever is later.  
(3) R 336.2104 and R 336.2160 are rescinded 60 days after the entry of a final  
judgment or order from which no further appeal or review is taken or available in White  
Stallion v EP,. No. 12-1100 (D.C. Circuit), upholding the provisions of the federal MATS  
relative to emissions of mercury.  
History: 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2104 Continuous emission monitoring; coal-fired electric generating units  
at a power plant.  
Page 2  
Rule 1104. Unless the federal MATS is an applicable requirement, an affected EGU  
shall meet both of the following requirements:  
(a) Except as provided in R 336.2160, a unit that serves a generator with a  
nameplate capacity of more than 25 megawatts producing electricity for sale shall install,  
calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system or a sorbent trap  
monitoring system for the measurement of mercury.  
(b) The owner or operator of any source subject to the provisions of subdivision (a)  
of this rule shall complete the installation and performance tests of the equipment  
required by subdivision (a) of this rule and shall begin monitoring and recording by April  
16, 2015.  
History: 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2150 Performance specifications for continuous emission monitoring  
systems.  
Rule 1150. (1) The monitoring equipment required by R 336.2101, R 336.2102,  
R 336.2103, and R 336.2104 shall be demonstrated by the owners or operators of the  
monitoring equipment to meet all of the following performance specifications:  
(a) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall comply with  
performance specification 1 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
R 336.1299.  
(b) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring nitrogen oxides shall comply with  
performance specification 2 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
R 336.1299.  
(c) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring sulfur dioxide shall comply with  
performance specification 2 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
R 336.1299.  
(d) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring oxygen shall comply with  
performance specification 3 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
R 336.1299.  
(e) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring carbon dioxide shall comply with  
performance specification 3 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
R 336.1299.  
(f) Continuous monitoring for measuring stack gas volumetric flow shall comply  
with the requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 75, §75.20(c) and appendix A and B, adopted by  
reference in R 336.1802a, or performance specification 6 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. Part  
60, adopted by reference in R 336.1299.  
(g) Continuous monitoring for total vapor phase mercury emissions using a sorbent  
trap monitoring system shall comply with performance specification 12B of Appendix B  
to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in R 336.1299.  
(h) Continuous monitoring for total vapor-phase mercury emissions using a mercury  
continuous emission monitoring system shall comply with performance specification 12A  
of Appendix  
R 336.1299.  
B
to 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in  
Page 3  
(i) ASTM D6784-02, “Standard Test Method for Elemental, Oxidized, Particle  
Bound and Total Mercury in Flue Gas Generated from Coal Fired Stationary Sources  
(Ontario Hydro Method).”  
(2) The test method in subrule (1)(i) of this rule is adopted by reference. A copy of  
the test method ASTM D6784-02 is available for inspection and purchase at the  
Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, 525 West Allegan Street,  
P.O. Box 30260, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7760, at a cost as of the time of adoption of  
this rule of $57.00. A copy may also be obtained from the ASTM International, 100 Barr  
Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959; the  
ASTM website at www.astm.org or ASTM customer service at service@astm.org; at a  
cost of the time of adoption of this rule of $47.00.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2151 Calibration gases for continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1151. (1) For nitrogen oxide monitoring systems installed on fossil fuel-fired  
steam generators, the pollutant gas used to prepare calibration gas mixtures shall be nitric  
oxide.  
(2) For sulfur dioxide monitoring systems installed on fossil fuel-fired steam  
generators or sulfuric acid plants, the pollutant gas used to prepare calibration gas  
mixtures shall be sulfur dioxide.  
(3) Span and zero gases shall be traceable to national bureau of standards reference  
gases when these reference gases are available. Every 6 months from the date of  
manufacture, span and zero gases shall be reanalyzed by conducting triplicate analyses  
using the reference method in appendix A of 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by reference in R  
336.1299, as follows:  
(a) For sulfur dioxide, use reference method 6.  
(b) For nitrogen oxides, use reference method 7.  
(c) For carbon dioxide and oxygen, use reference method 3. The gases may be  
analyzed at less frequent intervals if longer shelf lives are guaranteed by the  
manufacturer.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2152 Cycling time for continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1152. (1) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall  
complete a minimum of 1 cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive  
10-second period and 1 cycle of data recording for each successive 6-minute  
period.  
(2) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring oxides of nitrogen, carbon  
dioxide, oxygen, or sulfur dioxide shall complete a minimum of 1 cycle of operation  
for each successive 15-minute period.  
History: 1980 AACS.  
Page 4  
R 336.2153 Zero and drift for continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1153. (1) The owner or operator of any continuous emission monitoring system  
required by this part shall do all of the following:  
(a) Subject the instruments to the manufacturer's recommended zero and span check  
at least once daily, unless the manufacturer has recommended adjustments at shorter  
intervals, in which case such recommendations shall be followed.  
(b) Adjust the zero and span when the 24-hour zero drift or 24-hour calibration drift  
limits of the applicable performance specifications in appendix B of 40 C.F.R. Part 60,  
adopted by reference in R 336.1299, are exceeded.  
(2) Calibration gases used pursuant to the provisions of subrule (1) of this rule shall  
meet the requirements of R 336.2151.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2154 Instrument span for continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1154. Instrument span shall be approximately 200% of the expected  
instrument data display output corresponding to the emission standard for the source.  
History: 1980 AACS.  
R 336.2155 Monitor location for continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1155. (1) The owner or operator of a source subject to provisions of this part  
shall install the required continuous monitoring systems or monitoring devices such that  
representative measurements of emissions or process parameters from the affected  
facility are obtained.  
(2) When the effluents from 2 or more affected facilities of similar design and  
operating characteristics are combined before being released into the atmosphere, the  
owner or operator of a source subject to the provisions of this part may install monitoring  
systems on the combined effluent. When the affected facilities are not of similar design  
and operating characteristics, or when the effluent from 1 affected facility is released into  
the atmosphere through more than 1 point, the owner or operator shall establish alternate  
procedures to implement the intent of these requirements subject to approval by the  
department.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2156 Performance testing notifications; monitoring notification.  
Rule 1156. The owner or operator of any source required to install a continuous  
emission monitor by R 336.2101, R 336.2102, R 336.2103, or R 336.2104 shall  
submit to the department all of the following:  
(a) A source-specific monitoring plan not less than 60 days prior to performance  
specification testing of the monitoring system for the review and approval of the  
department.  
Page 5  
(b) A site-specific test plan not less than 30 days prior to the performance  
specification testing of the monitoring system for review and approval of the  
department.  
(c) All results of performance specification testing not more than 60 days after the  
last date of the test.  
History: 2009 AACS.  
R 336.2157  
Quality assurance requirements for continuous emission  
monitoring systems.  
Rule 1157. (1) The monitoring equipment required by R 336.2101, R 336.2102,  
R 336.2103, and R 336.2104 shall perform continuing quality control procedures in  
accordance with Part 60 Appendix F, adopted by reference in R 336.1299. Monitors  
installed and certified in accordance with Part 74 Appendix A, adopted by reference in R  
3361802a, and meeting the continuing quality control requirements of Part 75 Appendix  
B are exempt from the requirements of Part 60 Appendix F.  
(2) A continuous stack gas volumetric flow monitor installed for R 336.2104 shall  
perform continuing quality control in accordance with the applicable quality control and  
quality assurance requirements of 40 C.F.R.§75.21 and Part 75 Appendix B or Part 60  
Appendix F.  
History: 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2158 Rescinded.  
History: 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2159 Alternative continuous emission monitoring systems.  
Rule 1159. The department may provide approval for alternative monitoring  
systems that do not comply with the requirements of this part, if the owner or operator  
demonstrates both of the following:  
(a) That an equivalent alternative emission monitoring system  
implemented that satisfies the intent of the requirements of this part.  
(b) That 1 of the following conditions exists:  
shall be  
(i) A continuous emission monitoring system that  
conforms  
with the  
requirements of this part will not provide an accurate determination of emissions.  
(ii) The affected source is operated less than 1 month per year.  
(iii) A continuous emission monitoring system that  
conforms  
with the  
requirements of this part cannot be installed due to physical limitations of the source.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS.  
R 336.2160 Mercury low mass emitter monitoring methodology.  
Page 6  
Rule 1160. (1) Unless the federal MATS is an applicable requirement, beginning  
April 16, 2015, the monitoring methodology shall meet all of the requirements of this  
rule.  
(2) The owner or operator of an affected unit that emits less than 464 ounces (29  
pounds) of mercury per year may use the mercury low mass emitter monitoring  
methodology after performing initial certification testing. The owner or operator of the  
affected unit shall perform the initial certification testing and ongoing quality assurance  
as described in subrules (2) and (3) of this rule. The initial test shall be performed within  
60 days of the effective date of these rules or 90 days prior to the compliance date,  
whichever is later.  
(3) For the initial certification testing, the following shall apply:  
(a) The owner or operator shall perform mercury emission testing to determine the  
mercury concentration, for example, total vapor-phase mercury, in the effluent.  
(b) Testing shall be performed using 1 of the following mercury reference methods:  
ASTM D6784-02, adopted by reference in R 336.2150, Method 29, method 30A, or  
method 30B of Part 60, adopted by reference in R 336.1299. A test shall consist of a  
minimum of 3 runs at maximum routine load while firing fuel or fuels with the highest  
mercury content.  
(c) The minimum run time shall be 1 hour if method 30A is used. If method 29,  
ASTM D6784-02, or method 30B is used, paired samples are required for each test run  
and the runs shall be long enough to ensure that sufficient mercury is collected to  
analyze. When method 29 or ASTM D6784-02 is used the test results shall be based on  
the vapor-phase mercury collected in the back half of the sampling train. For each  
method 29, ASTM D6784-02, or method 30B test run, the paired trains shall meet the  
relative deviation requirement specified in method 30B. If the relative deviation  
specification is met, the result of the 2 samples shall be averaged arithmetically.  
(d) If the unit is equipped with flue gas desulfurization or add-on mercury emission  
controls, the controls shall be operating normally during the testing, and for the purpose  
of establishing proper operation of the controls, parametric data shall be recorded.  
(e) A complete test plan and test notification shall be provided to the department 30  
days prior to the testing.  
(4) Based on the results of emission testing, the following equation shall be used to  
provide a conservative estimate of the annual mercury mass emissions for the unit:  
E = N · K · CHg · Qmass  
Where:  
E = Estimated annual mercury mass emissions in ounces per year.  
N = 8760 hours or the maximum number of operating hours per year allowed by the  
unit's federally enforceable permit.  
K = 9.978 x 10-10 ounces-scm/µg-standard cubic foot (scf).  
CHg = Highest mercury concentration (µg/scm) from any test run or 0.05 µg/scm,  
whichever is greater.  
Qmass = Maximum potential flow rate.  
Page 7  
(a) If the estimated annual mercury mass emissions are 464 ounces per year or less,  
the unit is eligible to use the monitoring methodology of this rule, and mercury  
continuous emission monitoring is not required.  
(b) The results of the testing performed under this rule shall be submitted as a  
certification application to the department, not later than 45 days after the test is  
completed. The calculations demonstrating that the unit emits less than 464 ounces per  
year shall be provided, and the default mercury concentration that will be used for  
mercury mass emission reporting shall be specified.  
(c) Following initial certification the following steps shall be taken:  
(i) The default mercury concentration used to estimate the unit's annual mercury  
mass emissions shall be reported for each unit operating hour and shall be used to  
calculate hourly mercury emissions.  
(ii) The mercury emission testing described in this rule shall be repeated periodically  
for the purpose of quality assurance, as follows:  
(A) If the results of the certification testing under this rule show that the unit emits  
144 ounces (9 pounds) per year or less, the first retest is required by the end of the fourth  
quarter following the calendar quarter of the certification test.  
(B) If the results of the certification test under this section show that the unit emits  
more than 144 ounces per year but less than 464 ounces per year, the first retest is  
required by the end of the second quarter following the calendar quarter of the  
certification test.  
(C) Retesting shall be required either by the end of the second or fourth quarter  
following the quarter of the previous test, depending on the results of the previous test.  
To determine whether the next retest is required within 2 or 4 quarters, substitute the  
highest mercury concentration from the current test or 0.50 µg/scm, whichever is greater,  
into the equation under subrule (3) of the rule. If the estimated annual mass emissions  
exceed 144 ounces, the next test is due within 2 quarters. If the estimated annual mass  
emissions are 144 ounces or less, the next test is due within 4 quarters.  
(d) The updated mercury default concentration shall be applied beginning with the  
first unit operating hour after the completion of the retest.  
(e) If the unit is equipped with flue gas desulfurization system or add-on mercury  
controls, the owner or operator shall record the parametric data for each unit operating  
hour.  
(f) An additional retest is required when there is a change in coal rank of the primary  
fuel or other significant fuel change.  
(g) At the end of each calendar year, if the cumulative annual mercury mass  
emission from an affected unit exceeds 464 ounces, the owner or operator shall install,  
certify, operate, and maintain a mercury continuous emission monitoring system, or  
sorbent trap monitoring system, not later than 180 days after the end of the calendar year  
in which the emissions exceeded 464 ounces.  
History: 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2161 Rescinded.  
History: 2009 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
Page 8  
R 336.2170 Monitoring data reporting and recordkeeping.  
Rule 1170. (1) The owner or operator of any continuous emission monitoring system  
required by this part shall submit to the department, within 30 days of the end of a  
calendar quarter, a written report for each calendar quarter which shall include all of the  
following information:  
(a) Excess emissions and the nature and cause of the excess emissions, if known, as  
follows:  
(i) For opacity measurements, the report shall consist of the magnitude, in actual  
percent opacity, of all 6-minute averages of opacity more than the applicable opacity  
standard for each hour of operation (all allowable exceptions are to be deducted before  
determining the excess averages of opacity). Average values shall be obtained by  
integration over the averaging period or by arithmetically averaging a minimum of 24  
equally spaced, instantaneous opacity measurements per 6 minutes.  
(ii) For gaseous measurements, the report shall consist of emission averages, in the  
units of the applicable standard, for each averaging period during which the applicable  
standard was exceeded.  
(b) The date and time identifying each period during which the continuous  
monitoring system was inoperative, except for zero and span checks, and the nature of  
repairs or adjustments made.  
(c) If the continuous monitoring system has been inoperative, repaired, or adjusted,  
and if no excess emissions occurred, include a statement attesting to this fact.  
(2) The owner or operator of any continuous emission monitoring system required  
by this part shall maintain a file of all information reported in the quarterly reports and all  
other data collected, either by the continuous monitoring system or as necessary to  
convert monitoring data to the units of the applicable standard, for a minimum of 2 years  
from the date of collection of the data or submission of the reports.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2175 Data reduction procedures for fossil fuel-fired steam generators.  
Rule 1175. (1) The owner or operator of a fossil fuel-fired steam generator that is  
subject to the provisions of this part shall convert gaseous emission monitoring data in  
parts per million to pounds per million Btu's using either of the following procedures:  
(a) When the owner or operator elects to measure oxygen in the flue gases, the  
measurements of the pollutant concentration and oxygen concentration shall each be on a  
consistent basis (wet or dry). When measurements are on a dry basis, the following  
conversion procedure shall be used:  
20.9  
E = CF (  
)
20.9 %O  
2
When measurements are on a wet basis, alternative procedures approved by the  
department shall be used.  
Page 9  
(b) When the owner or operator elects to measure carbon dioxide in the flue gases,  
the measurements of the pollutant concentration and carbon dioxide concentration shall  
each be on a consistent basis (wet or dry) and the following conversion procedure shall  
be used:  
100  
E = CFc (  
)
%CO  
2
(2) The values used in the equations in subrule (1) of this rule shall be derived as  
follows:  
(a) "E" is the pollutant emission in pounds per million Btu's.  
(b) "C" is the pollutant concentration in pounds per dry standard cubic foot  
determined by multiplying the average concentration, in parts per million, for each hourly  
period by 2.59 X 10-9 M pounds per dry standard cubic foot per part per million where M  
is the pollutant molecular weight in pounds per pound mole (M equals 64.07 for sulfur  
dioxide and 46.01 for oxides of nitrogen).  
(c) "% 02²" or "% C02²" is the oxygen or carbon dioxide volume, expressed as  
percent, determined with equipment required by R 336.2101.  
(d) "F" or "Fc" is a factor representing a ratio of the volume of dry flue gases  
generated to the calorific value of the fuel combusted (F) or a factor representing a ratio  
of the volume of carbon dioxide generated to the calorific value of the fuel combusted  
(Fc). Values of F and Fc are listed in the standards of performance for new stationary  
sources, 40 C.F.R.§60.45(f), adopted by reference in R 336.1299.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
Editor's Note: An obvious error in R 336.2175 was corrected at the request of the promulgating  
agency, pursuant to Section 56 of 1969 PA 306, as amended by 2000 PA 262, MCL 24.256. The rule  
containing the error was published in Michigan Register, 2014 MR 9. The memorandum requesting the  
correction was published in Michigan Register, 2014 MR 9.  
R 336.2176 Data reduction procedures for sulfuric acid plant.  
Rule 1176. The owner or operator of a sulfuric acid plant that is subject to the  
provisions of this part shall do both of the following:  
(a) Establish a conversion factor 3 times daily according to the procedures in the  
standards of performance for new stationary sources, 40 C.F.R. Part 60.84(b), adopted by  
reference in R 336.1299.  
(b) Multiply the conversion factor by the average sulfur dioxide concentration in the  
flue gases to obtain the average sulfur dioxide emissions in pounds per short ton.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
R 336.2189 Alternative data reporting or reduction procedures.  
Rule 1189. The department may provide approval  
for  
alternative data  
reporting or reduction procedures that do not comply with the requirements of this  
Page 10  
part if the owner or operator demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the department,  
that the procedures are at least as accurate as the proce-dures identified in this part.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS.  
R 336.2190 Monitoring system malfunctions.  
Rule 1190. The monitoring and reporting requirements of this part shall not apply  
during any period of monitoring system malfunction if the source owner or operator  
demonstrates both of the following to the satisfaction of the department:  
(a) That the cause of the malfunction could not have been  
avoided  
by any  
course of action that could have reasonably been expected of the owner or operator.  
(b) That the necessary repairs are being made as expeditiously as practicable.  
History: 1980 AACS; 2002 AACS.  
R 336.2199 Exemptions from continuous emission monitoring requirements.  
Rule 1199. The requirements of R 336.2101, R 336.2102, and R 336.2103 do not  
apply to either of the following:  
(a) A source subject to a new source performance standard promulgated in the  
standards of performance for new stationary sources, 40 C.F.R. Part 60, adopted by  
reference in R 336.1299. (b) A source is not subject to an applicable emission standard.  
History: 1980 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1997 AACS; 2014 AACS.  
Page 11  
;