DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY  
SURFACE WATER QUALITY DIVISION  
WATER RESOURCES PROTECTION  
(By authority conferred on the department of environmental quality by sections  
3104 and 3106 of Act No.451 of the Public Acts of 1994, as amended, being §§324.3104  
and 324.3106 of the Michigan Compiled Laws)  
PART 24. LAND APPLICATION OF BIOSOLIDS  
R 323.2401 Purpose and applicability.  
Rule 2401. (1) These rules establish standards for the land application and beneficial  
recycling of biosolids originating from domestic sewage treatment systems and sanitary  
sewage treatment systems. The standards consist of general requirements,  
notification, recordkeeping, pollutant limits, management practices, and operational  
standards.  
(2) These rules apply to all of the following:  
(a) Any person who prepares or applies biosolids to the land.  
(b) Biosolids applied to the land.  
(c) The land where biosolids are applied.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2402 Definitions.  
Rule 2402. (1) As used in these rules:  
(a) "Act" means Act No. 451 of the Public Acts of 1994, as amended, being  
§324.101 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws.  
(b) "Aerobic digestion" means the biochemical decomposition of organic matter  
in biosolids into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in the presence of air.  
(c) "Agricultural land" means land on which a food crop, a feed crop, or a fiber crop  
is grown. The term includes range land and land used as pasture.  
(d) "Agronomic rate" means the calculated biosolids application rate (dry weight  
basis) which provides the amount of plant-available nitrogen (PAN) needed by the  
crop or vegetation grown on the land; which minimizes the amount of nitrogen that  
passes below the root zone of the crop or vegetation grown; and which considers the  
amounts of phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O) added by the biosolids as part of the  
total nutrient management plan.  
(e) "Anaerobic digestion" means the biochemical decomposition of organic matter  
in biosolids into methane gas and carbon dioxide by microorganisms in the absence of  
air.  
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(f) "Annual pollutant loading rate" means the maximum amount of a pollutant in  
biosolids that can be applied to a unit area of land during a 365-day period.  
(g) "Annual whole biosolids application rate" means the maximum amount of  
biosolids (dry weight basis) that can be applied to a unit area of land during a 365-day  
period.  
(h) "Biosolids" means solid, semisolid, or liquid residues generated during the  
treatment of sanitary sewage or domestic sewage in a treatment works. The term  
"biosolids" includes, but is not limited to, scum or solids removed in primary,  
secondary, or advanced wastewater treatment processes and a derivative of the  
removed scum or solids.  
(i) "Bulk biosolids" means biosolids that are not sold or given away in a bag or  
other container for application to a lawn or home garden.  
(j) "Class A" means biosolids that meet the requirement in R 323.2414(2)(b) and the  
requirements in R 323.2414(2)(c), (d), (e), (f), (g), or (h) with respect to pathogens.  
(k) "Class B" means biosolids that meet the requirements in R 323.2414(3)(c),  
(d), or (e) with respect to pathogens.  
(l) "Cumulative pollutant loading rate" means the maximum amount of an  
inorganic pollutant that can be applied to an area of land.  
(m) "Department" means the director of the department of environmental quality  
or his or her designee.  
(n) "Derivative" means a product for land application derived from biosolids  
that does not include solid waste or other waste regulated under the act. A derivative  
does not include materials or treatment chemicals, that is, lime or ferric chloride, integral  
to wastewater treatment and biosolids unit processes.  
(o) "Detroit consumer price index" means the most comprehensive index of  
consumer prices available for the Detroit area from the United States department of  
labor, bureau of labor statistics.  
(p) "Distributor" means a person who applies, markets, or distributes, except at  
retail, a derivative.  
(q) "Domestic sewage" means waste and wastewater from humans or household  
operations that is discharged to, or otherwise enters, a treatment works.  
(r) "Dry weight basis" means calculated on the basis of having been dried at 105  
degrees Celsius until reaching a constant mass that is essentially 100% solids content.  
(s) "EPA" means the United States environmental protection agency.  
(t) "Exceptional quality" or "EQ" means biosolids or a derivative that meets all of  
the following criteria:  
(i) Pollutant ceiling concentrations in R 323.2409(5)(a).  
(ii) Pollutant concentrations in R 323.2409(5)(c).  
(iii) One of the vector attraction reduction options in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h) and 1  
of the class A pathogen reduction alternatives in R 323.2414(2)(a).  
(u) "Feed crops" means crops produced primarily for consumption by animals.  
(v) "Fiber crops" means crops such as flax and cotton.  
(w) "Food crops" means crops consumed by humans. The term includes, but is not  
limited to, fruits, vegetables, and tobacco.  
(x) "Forest" means a tract of land that is thick with trees and underbrush.  
(y) "Generator" means a person who generates biosolids that are applied to land.  
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(z) "Groundwater" means water below the land surface in the saturated zone.  
(aa) "Incorporation" means the blending of surface-applied biosolids into the soil  
so that a significant amount of the biosolids is not present on the land surface within 1  
hour after blending.  
(bb) "Injection" means the placement of biosolids below the land surface so that a  
significant amount of the biosolids is not present on the land surface within 1 hour after  
land application.  
(cc) "Land application" means spraying or spreading biosolids onto the land surface,  
injecting biosolids below the land surface, or incorporating biosolids into the soil so  
that the biosolids can either condition the soil or fertilize crops or vegetation grown in  
the soil.  
(dd) "Land application plan" means the process a generator uses to identify and  
select land application sites that are not included in a land application site list. At a  
minimum a plan shall include all of the following:  
(i) A description of the geographical area covered by the plan.  
(ii) Identification of the criteria used for site selection.  
(iii) A description of how the sites are managed.  
(ee) "Land with a low potential for public exposure means land that the public  
uses infrequently. The term includes, but is not limited to, agricultural land, a forest,  
and a reclamation site located in an unpopulated area, for example, a strip mine located in  
a rural area.  
(ff) "Land with a high potential for public exposure" means land that the public  
uses frequently. The term includes, but is not limited to, a public contact site and a  
reclamation site located in a populated area, for example, a construction site located in a  
city.  
(gg) "Listed land application site" means a site which has been approved by the  
department and is used for biosolids land application by a generator.  
(hh) "Local unit" means a county, city, village, or township or an agency or  
instrumentality of these entities.  
(ii) "Other container" means either an open or closed receptacle. The term includes,  
but is not limited to, a bucket, a box, a carton, and a vehicle or trailer that has a load  
capacity of 1 metric ton or less.  
(jj) "Pasture" means land on which animals feed directly on feed crops such as  
legumes, grasses, grain stubble, or stover.  
(kk) "Pathogenic organisms" means disease-causing organisms. The term  
includes, but is not limited to, certain bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and viable helminth  
ova.  
(ll) "Permit" means 1 of the following:  
(i) A national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permit that is issued  
by the department under section 3112(1) of the act to control wastewater discharges  
to the surface waters and to manage biosolids.  
(ii) A permit that is issued by the department under section 3112(1) of the act to  
control wastewater discharges to the groundwaters and to manage biosolids.  
(iii) A biosolids permit issued by the department.  
(mm) "Permitting authority" means the department.  
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(nn) "Person" means an individual, association, partnership, corporation, local unit,  
state or federal agency, or an agent or employee of any of the entities specified in this  
definition.  
(oo) "Person who prepares biosolids" means either the person who generates  
biosolids during the treatment of domestic sewage or sanitary sewage in a treatment  
works or the person who derives a material from biosolids.  
(pp) "pH" means the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion  
concentration measured at 25 degrees Celsius or measured at another temperature  
and then converted to an equivalent value at 25 degrees Celsius.  
(qq) "Pollutant" means an organic substance, an inorganic substance,  
a
combination of organic and inorganic substances, or a pathogenic organism that, after  
discharge and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into an  
organism either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through the  
food chain, could, on the basis of information available to the administrator of EPA or  
the department, cause any of the following in either organisms or offspring of the  
organisms:  
(i) Death.  
(ii) Disease.  
(iii) Behavioral abnormalities.  
(iv) Cancer.  
(v) Genetic mutations.  
(vi) Physiological malfunctions, including malfunction in reproduction.  
(vii) Physical deformations.  
(rr) "Pollutant limit" means a numerical value that describes the amount of a  
pollutant allowed per unit amount of biosolids, for example milligrams per kilogram of  
total solids; the amount of a pollutant that can be applied to a unit area of land, for  
example, kilograms per hectare or pounds per acre; or the volume of a material that can  
be applied to a unit area of land, for example, gallons per acre.  
(ss) "Public contact site" means land that has a high potential for contact by the  
public. The term includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:  
(i) Public parks.  
(ii) Ball fields.  
(iii) Cemeteries.  
(iv) Plant nurseries.  
(v) Turf farms.  
(vi) Golf courses.  
(tt) "Range land" means open land that has indigenous vegetation.  
(uu) "Reclamation site" means drastically disturbed land that is reclaimed using  
biosolids. The term includes, but is not limited to, strip mines and construction sites.  
(vv) "Residuals management program" means a program which is required by a  
generator’s permit and which is developed in accordance with R 323.2403(3)(a) to (d).  
(ww) "Retail" means EQ biosolids or an EQ derivative sold directly to the  
consumer or through retail establishments in bags or other containers that have a load  
capacity of 1 metric ton (2200 pounds) or less of biosolids.  
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(xx) "Sanitary sewage" means waste and wastewater from humans, households, or  
industrial or commercial operations that is discharged to, or otherwise enters, a  
treatment works.  
(yy) "Saturated" or "saturated zone" means the soil pores, that is, spaces between  
the soil particles or rock are completely filled with water.  
(zz) "Septage" means either liquid or solid material that is removed from any of the  
following that receive only domestic sewage.  
(i) A septic tank.  
(ii) A cesspool.  
(iii) A portable toilet.  
(iv) A type III marine sanitation device.  
(v) A similar treatment works.  
(aaa) "Site" means a contiguous tract of land to which biosolids or a derivative is  
land-applied in accordance with the requirements in these rules.  
(bbb) "Specific oxygen uptake rate" or "SOUR" means the mass of oxygen  
consumed per unit time per unit mass of total solids (dry weight basis) in biosolids.  
(ccc) "Surface application" means the spraying or spreading of biosolids or  
derivatives onto the land surface for use as a soil conditioner or as a nutrient source  
for plant growth.  
(ddd) "Surface disposal" means the placement of biosolids on an area of land for  
final disposal as defined in 40 C.F.R. part 503, subpart C.  
(eee) "Surface water" means any of the following:  
(i) Lakes.  
(ii) Rivers.  
(iii) Streams.  
(iv) Wetlands.  
(v) All other watercourses.  
(vi) Waters within the jurisdiction of this state.  
(vii) The Great Lakes bordering this state.  
(fff) "Treatment of" or "to treat," with respect to biosolids, means the preparation  
of biosolids for final use or disposal. The term includes, but is not limited to, the  
thickening, stabilization, and dewatering of biosolids. The term does not include the  
storage of biosolids.  
(ggg) "Treatment works" means either a federally owned, publicly owned, or  
privately owned device or system used to treat, including recycling and reclaiming,  
either domestic sewage or sanitary sewage.  
(hhh) "Total solids" means the materials in biosolids that remain as residue  
when biosolids are dried at 103 to 105 degrees Celsius.  
(iii) "Unstabilized solids" means organic materials in biosolids that have not been  
treated in either an aerobic or anaerobic treatment process.  
(jjj) "Vector attraction" means the characteristic of biosolids that attracts  
rodents, flies, mosquitoes, or other organisms capable of transporting infectious  
agents.  
(kkk) "Volatile solids" means the amount of the total solids in biosolids lost when  
biosolids are combusted at 550 degrees Celsius in the presence of excess air.  
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(lll) "Wetlands" means areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or  
groundwater at a frequency and duration to support, and that under normal  
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in  
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and  
similar areas.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2403 Land application permit.  
Rule 2403. (1) A generator or distributor shall have a valid permit before  
commencing any biosolids land application or distribution activity in the state of  
Michigan.  
(2) A generator or distributor shall submit a permit application on a form provided  
by the department not less than 180 days before expiration of an existing permit,  
commencement of biosolids land application, or distribution of a biosolids derivative,  
except at retail.  
(3) All of the following provisions apply to a residuals management program:  
(a) A generator shall submit a residuals management program for approval by the  
department as required by its permit.  
(b) A residuals management program submitted to the department shall include  
all of the following information:  
(i) Size and type of generating facility.  
(ii) One year of records representing the volume and concentrations of pollutants  
in the biosolids.  
(iii) Treatment process origin, for example, primary or secondary treatment and the  
volume of biosolids generated from each process.  
(iv) A description of the treatment processes.  
(v) Storage volume.  
(vi) Transportation methods and spill prevention plan.  
(vii) Land application method.  
(viii) Land application site list.  
(ix) Land application plan.  
(x) Pathogen reduction method.  
(xi) Vector attraction reduction method.  
(xii) Monitoring program.  
(c) Upon approval by the department, the generating facility shall implement  
the approved residuals management program.  
(d) A generating facility may modify the approved residuals management  
program by submitting a proposed modification to the department for approval. The  
modification shall become effective upon approval by the department.  
(4) A person shall land apply biosolids or prepare biosolids for land application  
in accordance with the requirements established in these rules.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
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R 323.2404 Imposition of more stringent requirements; proof of payment of  
costs and fees required; local ordinances.  
Rule 2404. (1) On a case-by-case basis, the permitting authority may impose  
requirements for the use of biosolids in addition to, or more stringent than, the  
requirements in these rules if necessary to protect the public health and the environment  
from any adverse effect of a pollutant in the biosolids.  
(2) A person who land applies biosolids in the state from an out-of-state source  
shall demonstrate proof of payment of the annual biosolids fee and proof of payment of  
costs for unreasonable adverse effects on the environment or public health caused by  
the land application of biosolids from an out-of-state source.  
(3) A local unit may enact, maintain, and enforce an ordinance that prohibits  
the land application of biosolids or a derivative if monitoring indicates a pollutant  
concentration in excess of that provided in table 1 of R 323.2409(5)(a) until subsequent  
monitoring indicates that pollutant concentrations do not exceed the concentration  
provided in table 1 of R 323.2409(5)(a).  
(4) A local unit may enact an ordinance prescribing standards in addition to, or  
more stringent than, the standards contained in section 3132 of the act or in these rules  
under either or both of the following circumstances:  
(a) The operation of a biosolids or derivative land application site within the local  
unit will result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment or public health within  
the local unit. The determination that unreasonable adverse effects on the environment  
or public health will exist shall take into consideration specific populations whose  
health may be adversely affected within the local unit.  
(b) The operation of a biosolids or derivative land application site within the local  
unit has resulted or will result in the local unit being in violation of other existing  
state laws or federal laws.  
(5) Except as otherwise provided in section 3133 of the act, sections 3131 and 3132  
of the act preempt a local ordinance, regulation, or resolution of a local unit that would  
duplicate, extend, revise, or conflict with section 3131 or 3132 of the act. Except as  
otherwise provided for in section 3133 of the act, a local unit shall not enact, maintain,  
or enforce an ordinance, regulation, or resolution that duplicates, extends, revises, or  
conflicts with section 3131 or 3132 of the act.  
(6) The department may contract with a local unit to act as its agent for the purpose  
of enforcing sections 3131, 3132, and 3133 of the act. The department has the sole  
authority to assess fees. If a local unit is under contract with the department of  
environmental quality to act as its agent or if the local unit has received prior written  
authorization from the department, then the local unit may pass an ordinance that is  
identical to section 3132 of the act and these rules, except as prohibited in subrule (7) of  
this rule.  
(7) An ordinance enacted under subrule (4) or (6) of this rule shall not conflict  
with existing state laws or federal laws. An ordinance enacted pursuant to subrule  
(4)(a) or (b) of this rule shall not be enforced by a local unit until approved or  
conditionally approved by the director of the department under subrule (8) of this rule.  
The local unit shall comply with any conditions of approval.  
(8) If the legislative body of a local unit submits to the department a resolution  
identifying how the requirements of subrule (4)(a) or (b) of this rule are met, then the  
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department shall hold a public meeting in the local unit within 60 days after the  
submission of the resolution to assist the department in determining whether the  
requirements of subrule (4)(a) or (b) of this rule are met. Within 45 days after the public  
meeting, the department shall issue a detailed opinion on whether the requirements of  
subrule (4)(a) or (b) of this rule are met as identified by the resolution of the local unit  
and shall approve, conditionally approve, or disapprove the ordinance accordingly. If  
the department fails to satisfy the requirements of this subrule, then the ordinance is  
considered to be approved.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2405 Scope.  
Rule 2405. (1) This rule does not establish requirements for any of the following:  
(a) The use or disposal of septage.  
(b) The surface disposal of biosolids.  
(c) The incineration of biosolids fired or co-fired in an incinerator, the incinerator in  
which biosolids are fired or co-fired, or the use or disposal of ash generated during the  
firing or co-firing of biosolids.  
(d) Processes used to treat biosolids or processes used to treat biosolids before final  
use or disposal, except as provided in R 323.2414 and R 323.2415.  
(e) The use or disposal of sludge generated at an industrial facility during the  
treatment of industrial wastewater, including sewage sludge generated during the  
treatment of industrial wastewater combined with domestic sewage.  
(f) The use or disposal of sewage sludge determined to be hazardous in  
accordance with part 111 of the act.  
(g) The use or disposal of sewage sludge that has a concentration of  
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) equal to or greater than 50 milligrams per kilogram of  
total solids (dry weight basis).  
(h) The use or disposal of grit, for example, sand, gravel, cinders, or other  
materials that have a high specific gravity or the use or disposal of screenings, for  
example, relatively large materials such as rags, generated during preliminary treatment  
of domestic sewage or sanitary sewage in a treatment works.  
(i) The use or disposal of sludge generated during the treatment of either surface  
water or groundwater used for drinking water.  
(2) This part does not require the selection of a biosolids use or disposal practice.  
The determination of the manner in which biosolids is used or disposed of is a local  
determination.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2406 Sampling and analysis; adoption of standards by reference.  
Rule 2406. (1) A person shall collect and analyze representative samples of both  
biosolids that are applied to the land and soils that receive biosolids.  
(2) All of the following publications are adopted by reference in these rules. The  
publications may be inspected at, and are available from, the Department of  
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Environmental Quality, Surface Water Quality Division, Knapps Centre-Second Floor,  
300 South Washington Square, P.O. Box 30273, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7773, or  
may be obtained from the standard producer or publisher at the following costs as of  
the time of adoption of these rules:  
(a) For enteric viruses, ASTM standard D 4994-89 entitled "Standard Practice  
for Recovery of Viruses From Wastewater Sludges," 1992 annual book of ASTM  
standards, section 11, entitled "Water and Environmental Technology," American Society  
for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187. Price:  
$18.00.  
(b) For fecal coliform, part 9221 E or part 9222 D of the publication entitled  
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 18th edition, 1992,  
American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.  
Price: $200.00.  
(c) For Helminth ova, the publication entitled "Environmental Regulations and  
Technology - Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge, (Appendix  
I, Yanko, W.A., 1987)," 1992, EPA-625/R-92/013, United States Environmental  
Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental  
Publications and Information, 11029 Kenwood Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242.  
Price:$34.50. There is no charge for copies obtained from the Department of  
Environmental Quality, Surface Water Quality Division, Knapps Centre-Second Floor,  
300 South Washington Square, P.O. Box 30273, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7773.  
(d) For inorganic pollutants, the publication entitled "Test Methods for Evaluating  
Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA publication SW-846, second edition  
(1982) with updates I and II and third edition (1986) with revision I. The second  
edition, publication number 87-120-291, is available from National Technical  
Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Price:  
$239.00. The third edition, publication number 955-001-00000-1, is available from the  
Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office,  
Washington  
DC  
20402,  
price: $319.00, or over  
the  
internet  
at  
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm.  
(e) For salmonella sp. bacteria, part 9260 D of the publication entitled "Standard  
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 18th edition, 1992, American  
Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, price:  
$200.00, or the publication entitled "Environmental Regulations and Technology -  
Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge, (Appendix G,  
Kenner, B.A. and Clark, J.,1974)," 1992, EPA-625/R-92/013, United States  
Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Publications and  
Information, 11029 Kenwood Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242. Price: $34.50. There is no  
charge for copies obtained from the Department of Environmental Quality, Surface Water  
Quality Division, Knapps Centre-Second Floor, 300 South Washington Square, P.O.  
Box 30273, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7773.  
(f) For the specific oxygen uptake rate, part 2710 B of the publication entitled  
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 18th edition, 1992,  
American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.  
Price: $200.00.  
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(g) For total, fixed, and volatile solids, part 2540 G of the publication entitled  
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 18th edition, 1992,  
American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.  
Price: $200.00.  
(h) For percent volatile solids reduction calculation, the publication entitled  
"Environmental Regulations and Technology - Control of Pathogens and Vector  
Attraction in Sewage Sludge," 1992 EPA-625/R-92/013, United States Environmental  
Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental  
Publications and Information, 11029 Kenwood Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242.  
Price:$34.50.  
(i) Nutrient analysis of biosolids for the following parameters shall comply with  
the POTW sludge sampling and analysis guidance document, EPA 833-B-89-100,  
August 1989, unless alternative methods are approved by the department based upon  
an equivalency demonstration:  
(i) Total nitrogen (TN) or total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN).  
(ii) Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N).  
(iii) Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N).  
(iv) Total phosphorus (P).  
(v)Total potassium (K).  
(vi) Total solids (%).  
The document may be purchased from the National Technical Information  
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, at a cost as of the time of  
adoption of these rules of $34.00. There is no charge for copies obtained from the  
Department of Environmental Quality, Surface Water Quality Division, Knapps Centre-  
Second Floor, 300 South Washington Square, P.O. Box 30273, Lansing, Michigan  
48909-7773.All nutrients shall be reported in milligrams per kilogram dry weight.  
(3) A person shall use the calculation procedures in the publications listed in  
subrule (2) of this rule to calculate the percent volatile solids reduction for biosolids. A  
person shall use the methods in the publications listed in subrule (2) of this rule or  
the United States environmental protection agency technical support document to  
analyze samples of biosolids.  
(4) Soil fertility test procedures used to analyze soils for pH, lime requirement,  
and extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) shall  
comply with the procedures described in the publication entitled "Recommended  
Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region." The procedures are  
adopted by reference in these rules and may be purchased by ordering publication  
number 221, January 1998, from the Agricultural Experiment Station SB 1001,  
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Price: No cost. Copies may also be  
obtained at no cost from the Department of Environmental Quality, Surface Water  
Quality Division, Knapps Centre-Second Floor, 300 South Washington Square, P.O.  
Box 30273, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7773.  
(5) For soils, a Bray P1 (Bray and Kurtz P1) test or Mehlich 3 test for phosphorus  
(P) shall comply with the procedures described in the  
publication entitled  
"Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region," as  
referenced in subrule (4) of this rule.  
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(6) Alternate methods for the procedures specified in subrules (4) and (5) of this  
rule may be used if approved by the department based upon an equivalency  
demonstration.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2407 Applicability of R 323.2408(1) and (4) and R 323.2410(3), (4), and  
(6).  
Rule 2407. (1) The requirements specified in R 323.2408(1) and (4) and the  
management practices required in R 323.2410(3), (4), and (6) do not apply when bulk  
biosolids or a bulk derivative is applied to the land if the bulk biosolids or bulk  
derivative meets the criteria for exceptional quality.  
(2) The requirements specified in R 323.2408 and the management practices in R  
323.2410 do not apply when non-bulk biosolids or a non-bulk derivative is sold or given  
away in a bag or other container for application to the land if biosolids or a derivative  
meets the criteria for exceptional quality.  
(3) The department may apply any or all of the requirements specified in R  
323.2408 and the management practices in R 323.2410 to biosolids or a derivative  
as specified in R 323.2407(1) and (2) on a case-by-case basis after determining that  
the general requirements or management practices are needed to protect the public  
health and the environment from any reasonably anticipated adverse effect that may  
occur from any pollutant in the biosolids.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2408  
Application of certain biosolids to certain areas prohibited;  
application of biosolids from more than 1 source or septage prohibited;  
applicators duty to obtain information; generator notification duty.  
Rule 2408. (1) A person shall not apply bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative  
pollutant loading rates specified in R 323.2409(5)(b) to agricultural land, a forest, a  
public contact site, or a reclamation site if any of the cumulative pollutant loading rates  
specified in R 323.2409(5)(b) have been reached.  
(2) A person shall not knowingly apply biosolids from more than 1 source or septage  
to the same land application site within the same crop year.  
(3) A person who applies biosolids to the land shall obtain information needed to  
comply with all of the following requirements:  
(a) Before a person applies bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant  
loading rates in R 323.2409(5)(b) to the land, the person shall contact the state to  
determine whether bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in  
R 323.2409(5)(b) have been applied to the site since July 20, 1993, except when the  
land has been owned by the generator since July 20, 1993, and the cumulative loading  
rate is known. The notification requirements in subrule (4) of this rule still apply.  
(b) If bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in R  
323.2409(5)(b) have not been applied to the site since July 20, 1993, then a person may  
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apply the cumulative amount for each pollutant listed in table 2 in R 323.2409(5)(b) to  
the site in accordance with R 323.2409(2)(a).  
(c) If bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in R  
323.2409(5)(b) have been applied to the site since July 20, 1993, and if the cumulative  
amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk biosolids since that date is  
known, then a person shall use the cumulative amount of each pollutant applied to the  
site to determine the additional amount of each pollutant that can be applied to the site  
in accordance with R 323.2409(2)(a).  
(d) If bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant loading rates in R  
323.2409(5)(b) have been applied to the site since July 20, 1993, and if the cumulative  
amount of each pollutant applied to the site in the bulk biosolids since that date is not  
known, then a person shall not apply an additional amount of each pollutant to the  
site in accordance with R 323.2409(2)(a).  
(4) All of the following provisions apply to notification of land application  
activity:  
(a) A generator or distributor shall provide written notification not less than 10 days  
before the initial land application activity at a site. A generator or distributor shall  
provide the notification to the surface water quality division district office, the county  
health department, and the city, village, or township clerk in the jurisdiction where land  
application sites are identified. The notification shall include a cover letter that sets forth  
all of the following information:  
(i) The proposed land application activity.  
(ii) The site location by latitude and longitude.  
(iii) A plat map identifying the site.  
(iv) The name and address of the property owner.  
(v) The name and address of the farm operator if different than the owner.  
(vi) A record of biosolids monitoring information on a standard form or an  
acceptable summary containing all of the following:  
(A) The most current monitoring results for all of the following:  
(1) Arsenic.  
(2) Cadmium.  
(3) Copper.  
(4) Lead.  
(5) Mercury.  
(6) Molybdenum.  
(7) Nickel.  
(8) Selenium.  
(9) Zinc.  
(B) Applicable limitations.  
(C) The name, address, and phone number of the generator or distributor.  
(b) A generator or distributor shall promptly provide a copy of any record required  
to be created under these rules to the appropriate county health department and the  
city, village, or township clerk when biosolids subject to sections 3101, 3131, 3132, and  
3133 of the act are applied to land in that local unit. The copy shall be delivered free of  
charge.  
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(c) A person who prepares bulk biosolids that are applied to agricultural land, a  
forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site shall provide the person who applies  
the bulk biosolids with written notification of the concentration of the total nutrients, on  
a dry weight basis, in the bulk biosolids required to be monitored in R 323.2412(1).  
(d) If a person who prepares bulk biosolids provides the bulk biosolids to a person  
who applies the bulk biosolids to the land, then the person who prepares the bulk  
biosolids shall provide the person who applies the biosolids notice and necessary  
information to comply with the requirements this part.  
(e) If a person who prepares biosolids provides the biosolids to another person  
who prepares the biosolids, then the person who provides the biosolids shall provide the  
person who receives the biosolids notice and necessary information to comply with  
the requirements in this part.  
(f) A person who applies bulk biosolids to the land shall provide the owner or  
leaseholder of the land on which the bulk biosolids are applied notice and necessary  
information to comply with the requirements in this part.  
(g) A person who land applies bulk biosolids subject to the cumulative pollutant  
loading rates in R 323.2409(5)(b) shall provide written notice, before the initial  
application of bulk biosolids to a land application site by the applier, to the permitting  
authority for the state in which the bulk biosolids will be applied. The permitting  
authority shall retain, and provide access to, the notice. The notice shall include the  
following information:  
(i) The location, by latitude and longitude, of the land application site.  
(ii) The name, address, telephone number, and national pollutant discharge  
elimination system (NPDES) permit number, if appropriate, of the person who will  
apply the bulk biosolids.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2409 Application of limitations.  
Rule 2409. (1) A person shall not apply bulk biosolids or biosolids sold or given  
away in a bag or other container to the land if the concentration of any pollutant in the  
biosolids exceeds the ceiling concentration for the pollutant in table 1 of this rule.  
(2) If bulk biosolids are applied to agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site,  
or a reclamation site, then the applicator shall comply with either of the following  
provisions:  
(a) The cumulative loading rate for each pollutant shall not exceed the cumulative  
pollutant-loading rate for the pollutant in table 2 of this rule.  
(b) The concentration of each pollutant in the biosolids shall not exceed the  
concentration for the pollutant in table 3 of this rule.  
(3) If bulk biosolids are applied to a lawn or  
a
home garden, then the  
concentration of each pollutant in the biosolids shall not exceed the concentration  
for the pollutant in table 3 of this rule.  
(4) If biosolids are sold or given away in a bag or other container for application  
to the land, then the distributor shall comply with either of the following provisions:  
(a) The concentration of each pollutant in the biosolids shall not exceed the  
concentration for the pollutant in table 3 of this rule.  
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(b) The product of the concentration of each pollutant in the biosolids and the annual  
whole biosolids application rate for the biosolids shall not cause the annual pollutant-  
loading rate for the pollutant in table 4 of this rule to be exceeded. The procedure used to  
determine the annual whole biosolids application rate is specified in R 323.2417.  
(5) The following tables specify pollutant concentrations, loading rates, and  
nutrient parameters:  
(a) TABLE 1 -- Ceiling Pollutant Concentrations  
Ceiling Concentration  
Pollutant  
milligrams per kilogram (on a dry  
weight basis)  
Arsenic  
Cadmium  
Copper  
75  
85  
4300  
840  
57  
Lead  
Mercury  
Molybdenum  
Nickel  
Selenium  
Zinc  
75  
420  
100  
7500  
(b) TABLE 2 -- Cumulative Pollutant Loading Rates  
Pollutant  
Cumulative Pollutant Loading Rate  
Kilograms per hectare  
(kg/ha)  
Pounds per acre (lbs/ac)  
Arsenic  
Cadmium  
Copper  
Lead  
Mercury  
Nickel  
41  
39  
1500  
300  
17  
420  
100  
2800  
37  
35  
1335  
267  
15  
374  
89  
2492  
Selenium  
Zinc  
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(c) TABLE 3 -- Pollutant Concentrations  
Concentration  
Pollutant  
milligrams per kilogram (on a dry  
weight basis)  
Arsenic  
Cadmium  
Copper  
Lead  
Mercury  
Nickel  
41  
39  
1500  
300  
17  
420  
100  
2800  
Selenium  
Zinc  
(d) TABLE 4 -- Annual Pollutant Loading Rates  
Annual Pollutant Loading Rates1  
Pollutant  
kilograms per  
hectare (kg/ha)  
pounds per acre (lbs/ac)  
Arsenic  
2.0  
1.9  
75  
1.8  
1.7  
67  
Cadmium  
Copper  
Lead  
15  
13  
Mercury  
Nickel  
0.85  
21  
0.76  
19  
Selenium  
Zinc  
5.0  
140  
4.5  
125  
1per 365-day period.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2410 Management practices.  
Rule 2410. (1) A person shall not apply bulk biosolids to the land if it is likely to  
adversely affect a threatened or endangered species listed under section 36503 of the  
act or its designated critical habitat.  
(2) A person shall not apply bulk biosolids to agricultural land, a forest, a public  
contact site, or a reclamation site that is flooded, saturated with water, frozen, or snow-  
covered so that the bulk biosolids enter a wetland or other waters of the state.  
(3) A person may subsurface inject bulk biosolids on frozen or snow-covered ground  
as long as there is substantial soil coverage of the applied biosolids. A person shall  
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not surface apply bulk biosolids, other than exceptional quality biosolids, on frozen  
or snow-covered ground, unless otherwise approved by the department.  
(4) A person shall not apply bulk biosolids on lands having a slope of more than 6%  
for surface application or more than 12% for subsurface injected biosolids, unless the  
person uses the bulk biosolids in accordance with a department-approved site  
management plan.  
(5) A person shall apply bulk biosolids to agricultural land, a forest, a public  
contact site, or a reclamation site at an application rate that is equal to, or less than, the  
agronomic rate, unless the person that applies bulk biosolids in accordance with a  
department-approved site management plan.  
(6) A generator or distributor shall affix a label to the bag or other container in  
which biosolids are sold or given away for application to the land or the generator or  
distributor shall provide an information sheet to the person who receives biosolids sold  
or given away in another container for application to the land. The label or information  
sheet shall contain all of the following information:  
(a) The name and address of the person who prepared the biosolids that are sold or  
given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.  
(b) A statement that the application of the biosolids to the land is prohibited  
unless applied according to the instructions on the label or information sheet.  
(c) The annual whole biosolids application rate for biosolids that do not cause any  
of the annual pollutant loading rates in table 4 of R 323.2409(5)(d) to be  
exceeded.  
(7) A person that applies biosolids shall perform soil fertility tests on soils sampled  
from each application site before initial biosolids application. The person shall  
resample and test on a regular basis so that the last soil fertility test is not more than 2  
years old at the time of the next biosolids application.  
(8) For agricultural land, a person shall apply biosolids in accordance with  
agronomic rates. If the Bray P1 soil test level exceeds 300 pounds (P) per acre (150  
ppm), or if the Mehlich 3 soil test level exceeds 340 pounds (P) per acre (170 ppm) in  
site soils, then the person shall not apply biosolids until the soil P test level decreases  
to less than 1 of these values.  
(9) For silvicultural land, such as forestland and tree farms, a person shall base the  
agronomic rate for silvicultural land on the quantity of plant-available nitrogen (PAN)  
that growing trees will take up annually. A person may reapply biosolids at rates that  
will provide PAN additions up to a maximum of 5 years, using the annual PAN additions  
listed in table 5 to calculate total PAN additions for 1 year up to a 5-year maximum  
for the particular tree species and age of the stand receiving biosolids. A person may  
reapply biosolids after the time interval selected for the previous application expires,  
as long as the trees are still growing. If the Bray P1 soil test level exceeds 200 pounds  
(P) per acre (100 ppm) or the Mehlich 3 soil test level exceeds 220 pounds (P) per acre  
(110ppm), then a person shall not apply biosolids until the soil P test level decreases to  
less than 1 of these values.  
(10) The rates for wastewater biosolids application in Michigan forests  
(Brockway, 1988) are as follows:  
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TABLE 5  
PAN Applied from Biosolids1  
Forest Type  
Age of Tree  
Stand in Years  
0 to 5  
6 to 20  
Over 20  
Annual Use  
Total Used in 5  
Years  
250  
500  
250  
Aspen  
Aspen  
Aspen  
50  
100  
50  
Northern Hardwoods  
Northern Hardwoods  
Northern Hardwoods  
0 to 10  
11 to 30  
Over 20  
40  
80  
40  
200  
400  
200  
Oak-Hickory  
Oak-Hickory  
Oak-Hickory  
0 to 10  
11 to 30  
Over 30  
50  
100  
50  
250  
500  
250  
Elm-Ash-Cottonwood  
Elm-Ash-Cottonwood  
Elm-Ash- Cottonwood Over 20  
0 to 5  
6 to 20  
50  
100  
50  
250  
500  
250  
Scrub oak  
Scrub oak  
0 to 20  
Over 20  
20  
40  
100  
200  
Red, White, Jack Pine  
Red, White, Jack Pine  
Red, White, Jack Pine  
0 to 10  
11 to 30  
Over 30  
50  
40  
20  
250  
200  
100  
Spruce Fir  
Spruce Fir  
Spruce Fir  
0 to 10  
11 to 30  
Over 30  
40  
30  
20  
200  
150  
100  
Northern White-cedar  
Northern White-cedar  
0 to 20  
Over 20  
40  
20  
200  
100  
1 PAN = Plant-available nitrogen, or the amount of nitrogen that will be available  
for trees to utilize (pounds per acre per year).  
(11) The following isolation distances shall be observed when land applying bulk  
biosolids:  
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TABLE 6  
Isolation Distance Requirements  
Distance (feet)  
Isolation from existing:  
Injection or Surface  
application with  
incorporation*  
Surface application without  
incorporation  
Municipal well (type I or  
type IIA) **  
Noncommunity public  
Water supply (type IIB or  
type III)  
2000  
800  
2000  
800  
Domestic well  
Homes  
Commercial Buildings  
Surface waters***  
100  
100  
100  
50  
150  
150  
150  
150  
* Incorporation must be within 48 hours, unless a shorter time period is specified  
in these rules.  
** As defined and specified in Act No. 399 of the Public Acts of 1976, as  
amended, being §325.1001 et seq. of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and known as the  
safe drinking water act. As specified in Act No. 399 of the Public Acts of 1976, as  
amended, the term includes water supplies such as schools,  
restaurants, industries, campgrounds, parks, and hotels.  
*** Surface waters do not include grassed drainage ways or drainage ways that are  
tilled and planted.  
(12) A person shall apply biosolids in a manner that would maintain, at  
a
minimum, a 30-inch separation distance between the soil surface and the groundwater  
at the time of biosolids application.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2411  
reduction.  
Operational standards; pathogens and vector attraction  
Rule 2411. (1) All of the following provisions apply to pathogens:  
(a) A person shall meet the class A pathogen requirements in  
R
323.2414(2)(a) or the class B pathogen requirements and site restrictions in R  
323.2414(3)(a) when bulk biosolids are applied to agricultural land, a forest, a public  
contact site, or a reclamation site.  
(b) A person shall meet the class A pathogen requirements in  
R
323.2414(2)(a) when bulk biosolids are applied to a lawn or a home garden.a.A person  
shall meet the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2)(a) when biosolids are  
sold or given away in a bag or other container for application to the land.  
(2) All of the following provisions apply to vector attraction:  
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A person shall meet 1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(a) through (h) or the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(i) or (j) when bulk biosolids are applied to agricultural land, a forest, a  
public contact site, or a reclamation site. A person shall meet 1 of the vector attraction  
reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) through (h) when bulk biosolids are applied  
to a lawn or a home garden. A person shall meet 1 of the vector attraction reduction  
requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) through (h) when biosolids are sold or given away in a  
bag or other container for application to the land.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2412 Frequency of monitoring.  
Rule 2412. (1) A person shall comply with the frequency of monitoring for all of  
the following as specified in table 7:  
(a) Total nitrogen (TN) or total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN).  
(b) Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N).  
(c) Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N).  
(d) Total phosphorus (P).  
(e) Total potassium (K).  
(f) Total solids.  
(g) Arsenic.  
(h) Cadmium.  
(i) Copper.  
(j) Lead.  
(k) Mercury.  
(l) Molybdenum.  
(m) Nickel.  
(n) Selenium.  
(o) Zinc.  
The pathogen density requirements in R 323.2414(2)(a) and in R 323.2414(3)(c).  
(q) The vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) through (d)  
and R 323.2415(4)(f) through (h).  
(2) Table 7 reads as follows:  
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TABLE 7 -- Frequency of Monitoring - Land Application  
Amount of Biosolids Produced (per 365-day period)  
English Dry Tons  
Metric Dry Tons  
Frequency  
Greater than zero, But less Greater than zero, but less Once per year  
than 320 than 290  
Equal to or greater than 320, Equal to or greater than 290, Once per quarter  
but Less than 1,650 but less than 1,500 (4 times per year)  
Equal to or greater than 1,650, Equal to or greater than 1,500, Once per 60 days  
but Less than 16,500 but less than 15,000 (6 times per year)  
Equal to or greater than Equal to or greater than Once per month  
16,500 15,000 (12 times per year)  
(3) After the biosolids have been monitored for 2 years at the frequency in table 7 of  
this rule, the permitting authority may reduce the frequency of monitoring for  
pollutant concentrations and for the pathogen  
density requirements in  
R
323.2414(2)(e)(ii) and (iii), but the frequency of monitoring shall be not less than  
once per year when biosolids are applied to the land.  
(4) If biosolids are accumulated before removal, the monitoring frequency, at a  
minimum, is that specified in this rule. If monitoring of biosolids or a derivative indicates  
a pollutant concentration in excess of that provided in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c), then  
the monitoring frequency shall be increased to not less than twice that provided for in  
table 7 until pollutant concentrations are at or below the concentrations provided in  
table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c). In the case of biosolids accumulating for periods of  
more than 1 year, biosolids must be monitored at the frequency determined in table 7  
only in the year the biosolids are used. For a generator who removes biosolids  
monthly or more frequently, monitoring is required at least once per month each month  
that the biosolids are removed, unless more frequent monitoring is required in  
subrule(1) of this rule.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2413 Recordkeeping.  
Rule 2413. (1) A generator shall keep records for a minimum of 5 years unless a  
longer period is specified by the permitting authority.  
(2) A person who generates bulk biosolids or bulk derivatives, including a generator  
from out of state, shall keep all of the following records and make the records available  
for inspection and copying:  
(a) Site information of each application site, which includes all of the following  
information:  
(i) A plat map.  
(ii) A soil survey map, if available.  
(iii) The name and address of the property owner and farm operator if different  
than the owner.  
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(iv) The latitude and longitude.  
(b) Written consent to apply biosolids from the property owner and farm operator  
if different than the property owner.  
(c) A written agreement between the generator and the farmer not to apply  
biosolids from other sources or septage to a listed land application site. Biosolids from  
other sources may be land-applied to a site only after that site is relinquished in writing  
to another generating facility.  
(d) Biosolids analysis parameters listed in table 1 of R 323.2409(5)(a) at the  
frequency of analysis stated in table 7 of R 323.2412.  
(e) Soil fertility test results for each site.  
(f) For each biosolids-applied site, a summary of the application activity shall  
include all of the following information:  
(i) Site identification.  
(ii) Biosolids analysis.  
(iii) Total acres in the site.  
(iv) Acres used.  
(v) Application rate in dry tons per acre.  
(vi) Each nutrient required to be monitored in R 323.2412 in pounds per acre.  
(vii) Each pollutant listed in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c), in pounds per acre, if the  
site has received biosolids that exceed the concentrations specified in table 3 of R  
323.2409(5)(c).  
(g) The information in R 323.2408(4)(g) before applying biosolids to the land that  
exceed the concentrations specified in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c). If biosolids that  
exceed table 3 pollutant concentrations for any pollutant have been applied, then the  
generator shall keep records documenting the cumulative loading for the life of the  
site.  
An annual summary, including all of the following information:  
(i) Biosolids volume generated.  
(ii) Total dry tons applied to the land or distributed.  
(iii) Total dry tons disposed of by other methods.  
(iv) Total acres used.  
Sites that received biosolids application subject to table 2 of R 323.2409(5)(b).  
(i) A person who generates biosolids shall provide all application rate information  
from the monitoring of pollutant concentrations specified in R 323.2409(5)(c) and  
nutrients specified in R 323.2412 and agronomic information specified in R  
323.2410(7) to the property owner or farm operator, or both, upon completion of any  
biosolids activity on a site.  
(j) All certification statements relating to management practices, pathogen reduction,  
and vector attraction.  
(k) The information specified in subrule 7(b) of this rule, on October 30 of each  
year when 90% or more of any of the cumulative pollutant loading rates in table 2 of  
R 323.2409(5)(b) is reached at a site.  
(3) A person who prepares biosolids subject to these rules shall develop the  
following information and shall retain the information for 5 years, unless a longer  
period is specified:  
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(a) The annual average, annual minimum, and annual maximum concentration of  
each pollutant in the biosolids listed in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c).  
(b) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) and the vector  
attraction reduction requirement in [insert 1 of the vector attraction reduction  
requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h)] has been prepared under my direction and  
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel  
properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant  
penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(c) A description of how the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) are  
met.  
(d) A description of how 1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(a) to (h) is met.  
(4) A person who derives a material subject to these rules shall develop the  
following information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(a) The annual average, annual minimum, and annual maximum concentration of  
each pollutant in the material listed in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c).  
(b) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) and the vector  
attraction reduction requirement in [insert 1 of the vector attraction reduction  
requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h)] has been prepared under my direction and  
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel  
properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant  
penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(c) A description of how the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) are  
met.  
(d) A description of how 1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(a) to (h) is met.  
(5) If the pollutant concentrations in R 323.2409(5)(c), the class A pathogen  
requirements in R 323.2414(2), and the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(i) or (j) are met when bulk biosolids are applied to agricultural land, a  
forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site, then both of the following  
provisions shall be complied with:  
(a) The person who prepares the bulk biosolids shall develop all of the following  
information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(i) A concentration of each pollutant in the bulk biosolids listed in  
323.2409(5)(c), table 3.  
R
(ii) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) has been prepared under  
my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that  
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there  
are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and  
imprisonment."  
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(iii) A description of how the pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) are met.  
(b) The person who applies the bulk biosolids shall develop all of the following  
information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(i) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the management practices in R 323.2410 and the vector attraction  
reduction requirement in [insert R 323.2415(4)(i) or (j)] has been prepared under my  
direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that  
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there  
are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and  
imprisonment."  
(ii) A description of how the management practices in R 323.2410 are met for each  
site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(iii) A description of how the vector attraction reduction requirements in either R  
323.2415(4)(i) or (j) are met for each site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(6) If the pollutant concentrations in R 323.2409(5)(c) and the class B pathogen  
requirements in R 323.2414(3) are met when bulk biosolids are applied to  
agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site, then both of  
the following provisions shall be complied with:  
(a) The person who prepares the bulk biosolids shall develop the following  
information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(i) The annual average, annual minimum, and annual maximum concentration of  
each pollutant in the bulk biosolids listed in table 3 of R 323.2409(5)(c).  
(ii) The following certification statement:  
"I certify under, penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the class B pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(3) and the vector  
attraction reduction requirement in [insert 1 of the vector attraction reduction  
requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h) if one of those requirements is met] has been  
prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed  
to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information. I am  
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility  
of fine and imprisonment."  
(iii) A description of how the class B pathogen requirements in R  
323.2414(3)(f) are met.  
(iv) When 1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in  
R
323.2415(4)(a) to (h) is met, a description of how the vector attraction reduction  
requirement is met.  
(b) The person who applies the bulk biosolids shall develop all of the following  
information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(i) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the management practices in R 323.2410, the site restrictions in R  
323.2414(3)(f), and the vector attraction reduction requirements in [insert either R  
323.2415(4)(i) or (j), if one of the requirements is met] has been prepared for each  
site on which bulk biosolids are applied under my direction and supervision in  
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather  
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and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for false  
certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(ii) A description of how the management practices in R 323.2410 are met for each  
site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(iii) A description of how the site restrictions in R 323.2414(3)(f) are met for each  
site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(iv) When the vector attraction reduction requirement in R 323.2415(4)(i) or (j) is  
met, a description of how the vector attraction reduction requirement is met.  
(v) The date bulk biosolids are applied to each site.  
(7) If the requirements in R 323.2409(2)(a) are met when bulk biosolids are applied  
to agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site, then both  
of the following provisions shall be complied with:  
(a) The person who prepares the bulk biosolids shall develop all of the following  
information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(i) The annual average, annual minimum, and annual maximum concentration of  
each pollutant listed in table 1 of R 323.2409(5)(a) in the bulk biosolids.  
(ii) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the pathogen requirements in [insert either R 323.2414(2) or (3)]  
and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert 1 of the vector attraction  
reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h) if one of the requirements is met]  
has been prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system  
designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information.  
I am aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the  
possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(iii) A description of how the pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) or (3) are  
met.  
(iv) When 1 of the vector attraction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h) is met, a  
description of how the vector attraction requirement is met.  
(b) The person who applies the bulk biosolids shall develop all of the following  
information, retain the information in paragraphs (i) to (vii) of this subdivision  
indefinitely, and retain the information in paragraphs (viii) to (xiii) of this subdivision  
for 5 years:  
(i) The location, by latitude and longitude, of each site on which bulk biosolids  
are applied.  
(ii) The number of hectares in each site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(iii) The date bulk biosolids are applied to each site.  
(iv) The cumulative amount of each pollutant listed in table 2 of R  
323.2409(5)(b) in the bulk biosolids applied to each site, including the amount in R  
323.2408(3)(b).  
(v) The amount of biosolids applied to each site.  
(vi) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the requirements to obtain information in R 323.2408(3)(a) has  
been prepared for each site on which bulk biosolids are applied under my direction and  
supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel  
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properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant  
penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(vii) A description of how the requirements to obtain information in  
323.2408(3)(a) are met.  
R
(viii) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the management practices in R 323.2410 have been prepared for each  
site on which bulk biosolids are applied under my direction and supervision in  
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly  
gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for  
false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(ix) A description of how the management practices in R 323.2410 are met for  
each site on which bulk biosolids are applied.  
(x) The following certification statement when the bulk biosolids meet the class B  
pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(3):  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the site restrictions in R 323.2414(3)(f) has been prepared under my  
direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to ensure that  
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there  
are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility of fine and  
imprisonment."  
(xi) A description of how the site restrictions in R 323.2414(3)(f) are met for each  
site on which class B bulk biosolids are applied.  
(xii) The following certification statement when the vector attraction reduction  
requirement in R 323.2415(4)(i) or (j) is met:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert either R  
323.2415(4)(i) or (j)] has been prepared under my direction and supervision in  
accordance with the system designed to ensure that qualified personnel properly  
gather and evaluate the information. I am aware that there are significant penalties for  
false certification including the possibility of fine and imprisonment."  
(xiii) If the vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(i) or (j) are  
met, a description of how the requirements are met.  
(8) If the requirements in R 323.2409(4)(b) are met when biosolids are sold or given  
away in a bag or other container for application to the land, then the person who  
prepares the biosolids that are sold or given away in a bag or other container shall  
develop all of the following information and shall retain the information for 5 years:  
(a) The annual whole biosolids application rate for the biosolids that do not cause  
the annual pollutant loading rates in table 4 of R 323.2409(5)(d) to be exceeded.  
The concentration of each pollutant in the biosolids listed in table 4 of R  
323.2409(5)(d).  
(c) The following certification statement:  
"I certify, under penalty of law, that the information that will be used to determine  
compliance with the management practice in R 323.2410(7), the class A pathogen  
requirement in R 323.2414(2), and the vector attraction reduction requirement in [insert  
1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in R 323.2415(4)(a) to (h)] has been  
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prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with the system designed to  
ensure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information. I am  
aware that there are significant penalties for false certification including the possibility  
of fine and imprisonment."  
(d) A description of how the class A pathogen requirements in R 323.2414(2) are  
met.  
A description of how  
323.2415(4)(a) to (h) is met.  
1
of the vector attraction requirements in  
R
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2414 Pathogens.  
Rule 2414. (1) This rule contains both of the following:  
(a) The requirements for biosolids to be classified either class A or class B with  
respect to pathogens.  
(b) The site restrictions for land on which a class B biosolid is applied.  
(2) All of the following requirements apply to class A biosolids:  
(a) The requirement in subdivision (b) of this subrule and the requirements in  
subdivision (c), (d), (e), (f), or (g) of this subrule shall be met for biosolids to be  
classified class A with respect to pathogens.  
(b) The class A pathogen requirements in subdivisions (c) to (g) of this subrule  
shall be met either before meeting the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415 or at the same time that the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415 are met, except when the vector attraction reduction requirements in R  
323.2415(4)(f) to (h) are met.  
(c) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 1, which is not  
applicable for composting:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used, at the time the  
biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application  
to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to  
meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) The temperature of the biosolids that are used shall be maintained at a specific  
value for a period of time as follows:  
(A) If the percent solids of the biosolids is 7% or higher, then the temperature of  
the biosolids shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be 20 minutes or  
longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3),  
except when small particles of biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an  
immiscible liquid.  
equation (3)  
D = 131,700,000  
100.1400t  
Where, D = time in days.  
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t = temperature in degrees Celsius.  
(B) If the percent solids of the biosolids is 7% or higher and small particles of  
biosolids are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, then the  
temperature of the biosolids shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall  
be 15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using  
equation (3).  
(C) If the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7% and the time period is at  
least 15 seconds, but less than 30 minutes, then the temperature and time period shall be  
determined using equation (3).  
(D) If the percent solids of the biosolids is less than 7%; the temperature of the  
biosolids is 50 degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer,  
then the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (4).  
equation (4) D = 50,070,000  
100.1400t  
Where, D = time in days.  
t = temperature in degrees Celsius.  
(d) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 2:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used, at the time the  
biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container for application  
to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids are prepared  
to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) The pH of the biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be raised to above 12  
and shall remain above 12 for 72 hours. The temperature of the biosolids shall be above  
52 degrees Celsius for 12 hours or longer during the period that the pH of the biosolids is  
above 12. At the end of the 72-hour period that the pH of the biosolids is above 12,  
the biosolids shall be air-dried to achieve a percent solids in the biosolids of more than  
50%.  
(e) All of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 3:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella sp. bacteria in biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of,  
at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container  
for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from  
biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) All of the following provisions apply to biosolids analysis for enteric  
viruses:  
(A) The biosolids shall be analyzed before pathogen treatment to determine whether  
the biosolids contain enteric viruses.  
(B) If the density of enteric viruses in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is  
less than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the  
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biosolids are class A with respect to enteric viruses until the next monitoring episode for  
the biosolids.  
(C) If the density of enteric viruses in the biosolids before pathogen treatment is  
equal to or greater than 1 plaque-forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight  
basis), then the biosolids are class A with respect to enteric viruses if the density of  
enteric viruses in the biosolids after pathogen treatment is less than 1 plaque-forming  
unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and if the values or ranges of  
values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces  
the biosolids that meets the enteric virus density requirement are documented.  
(D) After the enteric virus reduction in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph is  
demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolids continue to be class A  
with respect to enteric viruses if the values for the pathogen treatment process  
operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in  
subparagraph(C) of this paragraph.  
(iii) All of the following provisions apply to biosolids analysis for viable  
helminth ova:  
(A) The biosolids shall be analyzed before pathogen treatment to determine whether  
the biosolids contain viable helminth ova.  
(B) If the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids before pathogen treatment  
is less than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the biosolids are class A  
with respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring episode for the biosolids.  
(C) If the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids before pathogen treatment  
is equal to or greater than 1 per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis), then the  
biosolids are class A with respect to viable helminth ova if the density of viable helminth  
ova in the biosolids after pathogen treatment is less than 1 per 4 grams of total solids  
(dry weight basis) and if the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters  
for the pathogen treatment process that produces the biosolids that meet the viable  
helminth ova density requirement are documented.  
(D) After the viable helminth ova reduction in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph  
is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolids continue to be class A  
with respect to viable helminth ova if the values for the pathogen treatment process  
operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in  
subparagraph (C) of this paragraph.  
(f) All of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 4:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of,  
at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container  
for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids  
is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) The density of enteric viruses in the biosolids shall be less than 1 plaque-  
forming unit per 4 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are  
used or disposed of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a  
bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material  
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derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2),  
unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority.  
(iii) The density of viable helminth ova in the biosolids shall be less than 1 per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed  
of, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other  
container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from  
biosolids is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2), unless otherwise  
specified by the permitting authority.  
(g) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 5:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella, sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of,  
at the time the biosolids is prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container  
for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids  
is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) Biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in 1 of the processes to  
further reduce pathogens described in R 323.2418(2).  
(h) Both of the following provisions apply to class A alternative 6:  
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1000  
most probable number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or the density of  
salmonella, sp. bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than 3 most probable number per 4  
grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids are used or disposed of,  
at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a bag or other container  
for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids  
is prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(ii) Biosolids that are used or disposed of shall be treated in a process that is  
equivalent to a process to further reduce pathogens, as determined by the permitting  
authority.  
(3) All of the following provisions apply to class B biosolids:  
(a) The requirements in subdivision (c), (d), or (e) of this subrule shall be met for  
biosolids to be classified class B with respect to pathogens.  
(b) The site restrictions in subdivision (f) of this subrule shall be met if biosolids  
that meet the class B pathogen requirements in subdivision (c), (d), or (e) of this subrule  
are applied to the land.  
(c) Both of the following provision apply to class B alternative 1:  
(i) Seven representative samples of the biosolids that are used shall be collected.  
(ii) The geometric mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples collected  
in subdivision (c)(i) of this subrule shall be less than either 2,000,000 most probable  
number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) or 2,000,000 colony-forming units per  
gram of total solids (dry weight basis).  
(d)With respect to class B alternative 2, biosolids that are used or disposed of  
shall be treated in 1 of the processes to significantly reduce pathogens described in R  
323.2418(1).  
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(e) With respect to class B alternative 3, biosolids that are used or disposed of  
shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process to significantly reduce  
pathogens, as determined by the permitting authority.  
(f) All of the following provisions apply to site restrictions:  
(i) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts which  
touch the biosolids/soil mixture and which are totally above the land surface for 14  
months after biosolids are applied.  
(ii) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts below the  
surface of the land for 20 months after biosolids are applied if the biosolids remain on  
the land surface for 4 months or longer before incorporation into the soil.  
(iii) A landowner shall not harvest food crops that have harvested parts below the  
surface of the land for 38 months after biosolids are applied if the biosolids remain on  
the land surface for less than 4 months before incorporation into the soil.  
(iv) A landowner shall not harvest food crops, feed crops, and fiber crops for 30  
days after biosolids are applied.  
(v) A landowner shall not graze animals on the land for 30 days after biosolids  
are applied.  
(vi) A land owner shall not harvest turf grown on land where biosolids are applied  
for 1 year after biosolids are applied if the harvested turf is placed on either land that  
has a high potential for public exposure or a lawn, unless otherwise specified by the  
permitting authority.  
(vii) A landowner shall restrict public access to land that has a high potential for  
public exposure for 1 year after biosolids are applied.  
(viii) A landowner shall restrict public access to land with a low potential for  
public exposure for 30 days after biosolids are applied.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2415 Vector attraction reduction.  
Rule 2415. (1) A person who prepares bulk biosolids for application to  
agricultural land, a forest, a public contact site, or a reclamation site shall meet 1 of the  
vector attraction reduction requirements in subrule (4)(a) to (h) of this rule or shall  
meet the vector attraction reduction requirements of subrule (4)(i) or (j) of this rule.  
(2) A person who prepares bulk biosolids for application to a lawn or a home  
garden shall meet 1 of the vector attraction reduction requirements in subrule (4)(a) to  
(h) of this rule.  
(3) A person who prepares bulk biosolids that is sold or given away in a bag or  
other container for application to the land shall meet 1 of the vector attraction reduction  
requirements in subrule (4)(a) to (h) of this rule.  
(4) All of the following provisions apply to vector attraction reduction processes:  
(a) A generator shall reduce the mass of volatile solids in the biosolids by a  
minimum of 38%.  
(b) If the 38% volatile solids reduction requirement in subdivision (a) of this  
subrule cannot be met for an anaerobically digested biosolids, then a generator may  
demonstrate vector attraction reduction by digesting a portion of the previously digested  
biosolids anaerobically in the laboratory in a bench-scale unit for 40 additional days at  
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a temperature between 30 and 37 degrees Celsius. When, at the end of the 40 days, the  
volatile solids in the biosolids at the beginning of the 40-day period are reduced by  
less than 17%, vector attraction reduction is achieved.  
(c) If the 38% volatile solids reduction requirement in subdivision (a) of this subrule  
cannot be met for aerobically digested biosolids, then a generator may demonstrate  
vector attraction reduction by digesting a portion of the previously digested biosolids  
that have a percent solids of 2% or less aerobically in the laboratory in a bench-scale unit  
for 30 additional days at 20 degrees Celsius. When, at the end of the 30 days, the volatile  
solids in the biosolids at the beginning of the 30-day period is reduced by less than 15%,  
vector attraction reduction is achieved.  
(d) A generator shall ensure that the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for  
biosolids treated in an aerobic process is equal to or less than 1.5 milligrams of  
oxygen per hour per gram of total solids (dry weight basis) at a temperature of 20  
degrees Celsius.  
(e) A generator shall treat biosolids in an aerobic process for 14 days or longer.  
During that time, a generator the temperature of the biosolids shall be higher than 40  
degrees Celsius and the average temperature of the biosolids shall be higher than 45  
degrees Celsius.  
(f) A generator shall ensure that the pH of biosolids is raised to 12 or higher by  
alkali addition and, without the addition of more alkali, remains at 12 or higher for 2  
hours and then at 11.5 or higher for an additional 22 hours.  
(g) A generator shall ensure that the percent solids of biosolids that do not contain  
unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater treatment process is equal to or  
greater than 75% based on the moisture content and total solids before mixing with  
other materials, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a  
bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids are  
prepared to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(h) A generator shall ensure that the percent solids of biosolids that contains  
unstabilized solids generated in a primary wastewater treatment process shall be equal  
to or greater than 90% based on the moisture content and total solids before mixing  
with other materials, at the time the biosolids are prepared for sale or given away in a  
bag or other container for application to the land, or at the time the biosolids are prepared  
to meet the requirements in R 323.2407(1) or (2).  
(i) All of the following provisions apply to biosolids that are injected:  
(i) A person who applies biosolids shall inject below the surface of the land.  
(ii) A person who applies biosolids shall ensure that a significant amount of the  
biosolids is not present on the land surface within 1 hour after the biosolids are injected.  
(iii) If the biosolids that are injected below the surface of the land are class A with  
respect to pathogens, then a person who applies the biosolids shall ensure that the  
biosolids are injected below the land surface within 8 hours after the biosolids have been  
discharged from the pathogen treatment process.  
(j) A person who applies biosolids to the land surface shall ensure that the  
biosolids are incorporated into the soil within 6 hours after application to or placement on  
the land, unless otherwise specified by the permitting authority. If biosolids that are  
incorporated into the soil are class A with respect to pathogens, then the person shall  
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apply the biosolids to, or place the biosolids on, the land within 8 hours after the  
biosolids have been discharged from the pathogen treatment process.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2416 Reporting; fees; biosolids land application fund; creation.  
Rule 2416. (1) Beginning in state fiscal year 1998, an annual biosolids land  
application fee is imposed upon biosolids generators and biosolids distributors. The  
biosolids land application fee is an amount equal to the sum of an administrative fee  
and a generation fee.The administrative fee is $400.00 for each biosolids generator or  
distributor that land applies. The department shall set the generation fee as provided by  
subrule (2) of this rule. The department shall set the generation fee so that the annual  
cumulative total of the biosolids land application fee to be paid in a state fiscal year is, as  
near as possible, $650,000.00 minus the amount in the fund created under subrule (5) of  
this rule carried forward from the immediately preceding state fiscal year. Starting with  
fees to be paid in state fiscal year 1999, the department shall adjust the $650,000.00  
amount annually for inflation using the Detroit consumer price index.  
(2) Each biosolids generator and biosolids distributor shall annually report to the  
department for each state fiscal year, beginning with the 1997 state fiscal year, the  
number of dry tons of biosolids it generated or the number of dry tons of biosolids in  
derivatives it distributed that were applied to land in the state of Michigan in the  
state fiscal year. A biosolids generator that does not land apply shall report zero. A  
biosolids generator located in the state of Michigan that land applies outside the state  
of Michigan will be assessed only an administrative fee and a fee for biosolids that are  
land applied in the state of Michigan. The report is due 30 days after the end of the state  
fiscal year. By December 15 of each state fiscal year, the department shall determine the  
generation fee on a per dry ton basis by dividing the cumulative generation fee by the  
number of dry tons of biosolids applied to land or in derivatives applied to land in the  
state of Michigan in the immediately preceding state fiscal year. The department shall  
notify each biosolids generator and biosolids distributor of the generation fee on a per  
dry ton basis.  
(3) A generator or distributor that land-applied biosolids or a derivative to land  
within the state at any time during the previous state fiscal year shall report to the  
department the information required in R 323.2413(3) to (8), except R 323.2413(6)(b),  
(7)(b), and (8)(b), on or before October 30.  
(4) By January 31 of each state fiscal year, each biosolids generator or biosolids  
distributor shall pay its biosolids land application fee. The biosolids generator or  
biosolids distributor shall determine the amount of its biosolids land application fee by  
multiplying the number of dry tons of biosolids that it reported under subrule (2) of this  
rule by the generation fee and adding the administrative fee.  
(5) The department of environmental quality shall assess interest on all fee  
payments submitted under this rule after the due date. The permittee shall pay an  
additional amount equal to 0.75% of the payment due for each month or portion of a  
month that the payment remains past due. The failure by a person to pay a fee imposed by  
this rule in a timely manner is a violation of this part.  
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(6) The biosolids land application fund is created in the state department of  
treasury. The department of environmental quality shall forward all fees collected under  
this rule to the state treasurer for deposit into the fund. The state treasurer may receive  
money or other assets from any source for deposit into the fund. The state treasurer  
shall direct the investment of the fund. The state treasurer shall credit to the fund interest  
and earnings from fund investments. The department of environmental quality shall  
carry an unexpended balance within the fund at the close of the state fiscal year  
forward to the following state fiscal year. The department of environmental quality shall  
ensure that the fund is allocated solely for the administration of this rule and sections  
3131 and 3133 of the act, including, but not limited to, education of the farmers,  
biosolids generators, biosolids distributors, and the general public about land application  
of biosolids and derivatives and the requirements of this rule and sections 3131 and  
3133 of the act. The director of the department may contract with a nonprofit  
educational organization to administer the educational components of this rule. The  
state department of treasury shall allocate 10% of the fund to the department of  
agriculture to provide persons involved in or affected by land application of biosolids  
or derivatives with education and technical assistance relating to land application of  
biosolids or derivatives.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2417 Procedure to determine annual whole biosolids application rate.  
Rule 2417. (1) A person who applies biosolids to the land shall use the following  
formula to determine the loading rate:  
Loading Rate Formula  
AP = PC x 0.002 x AR  
Where: AP = applied pollutant in pounds per acre.  
PC = pollutant concentration in milligrams per kilogram dry weight.  
0.002 = the factor to convert pollutant concentration to pounds per dry ton.  
AR = the biosolids application rate in dry tons per acre.  
(2) R 323.2409(4)(b) requires that the product of the concentration for each  
pollutant listed in table 4 of R 323.2409(5)(d) in biosolids sold or given away in a bag  
or other container for application to the land and the annual whole biosolids application  
rate (AWBAR) for the biosolids not cause the annual pollutant loading rate for the  
pollutant in table 4 to be exceeded. This rule contains the procedure used to determine  
the AWBAR for biosolids that do not cause the annual pollutant loading rates in table 4  
to be exceeded. The relationship between the annual pollutant-loading rate (APLR)  
for a pollutant and the annual whole biosolids application rate (AWBAR) for a  
biosolids is shown in the following equation:  
APLR = C x AWBAR X 0.001  
equation (1)  
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Where: APLR = annual pollutant loading rate in kilograms per hectare per 365-day  
period.  
C = pollutant concentration in milligrams per kilogram of total solids (dry weight  
basis).  
AWBAR = annual whole biosolids application rate in metric tons per hectare per  
365-day period (dry weight basis).  
0.001 = a conversion factor.  
(3) To determine the AWBAR, equation (1) is rearranged into the following  
equation:  
AWBAR = APLR  
C x 0.001  
equation (2)  
(4) The procedure used to determine the AWBAR for biosolids is as follows:  
(a) Analyze a sample of the biosolids to determine the concentration for each of  
the pollutants in the biosolids listed in table 4 of R 323.2409(5)(d).  
(b) Using the pollutant concentrations from subdivision (a) of this subrule and the  
APLRs from table 4 of R 323.2409(5)(d), calculate an AWBAR for each pollutant using  
equation (2) in subrule (3) of this rule.  
(c) The AWBAR for the biosolids is the lowest AWBAR calculated in subdivision  
(b) of the subrule.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
R 323.2418 Pathogen treatment processes.  
Rule 2418. (1) The process to significantly reduce pathogens (PSRP) is as follows:  
(a) Biosolids are agitated with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions for  
a specific mean cell residence time at a specific temperature. Values for the mean cell  
residence time and temperature shall be between 40 days at 20 degrees Celsius and 60  
days at 15 degrees Celsius.  
(b) Biosolids are dried on sand beds or on paved or unpaved basins. The biosolids  
dry for a minimum of 3 months. During 2 of the 3 months, the ambient average daily  
temperature is above 0 degrees Celsius.  
(c) Biosolids are treated in the absence of air for a specific mean cell residence  
time at a specific temperature. Values for the mean cell residence time and temperature  
shall be between 15 days at 35 to 55 degrees Celsius and 60 days at 20 degrees Celsius.  
(d) Using the within-vessel, static aerated pile, or windrow composting method,  
the temperature of the biosolids is raised to 40 degrees Celsius or higher and remains at  
40 degrees Celsius or higher for 5 days. For 4 hours during the 5 days, the temperature  
in the compost pile exceeds 55 degrees Celsius.  
(e) Sufficient lime is added to the biosolids to raise the pH of the biosolids to 12  
after 2 hours of contact.  
(2) The processes to further reduce pathogens (PFRP) are as follows:  
(a) Using either the within-vessel composting method or the static aerated pile  
composting method, the temperature of the biosolids is maintained at 55 degrees Celsius  
or higher for 3 days. Using the windrow composting method, the temperature of the  
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biosolids is maintained at 55 degrees or higher for 15 days or longer. During the period  
when the compost is maintained at 55 degrees or higher, there shall be a minimum of  
5 turnings of the windrow.  
(b) Biosolids are dried by direct or indirect contact with hot gases to reduce the  
moisture content of the biosolids to 10% or lower. Either the temperature of the  
biosolids particles is more than 80 degrees Celsius or the wet bulb temperature of the  
gas in contact with the biosolids as the biosolids leaves the dryer is more than 80  
degrees Celsius.  
(c) Liquid biosolids are heated to a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius or higher for  
30 minutes.  
(d) Liquid biosolids are agitated with air or oxygen to maintain aerobic conditions  
and the mean cell residence time of the biosolids is 10 days at 55 to 60 degrees Celsius.  
(e) Biosolids are irradiated with beta rays from an accelerator at dosages of at least  
1.0 megarad at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius).  
(f) Biosolids are irradiated with gamma rays from certain isotopes, such as 60Cobalt  
and 137Cesium, at dosages of at least 1.0 megarad at room temperature  
(approximately 20 degrees Celsius).  
(g) The temperature of the biosolids is maintained at 70 degrees Celsius or higher  
for 30 minutes or longer.  
History: 1999 AACS.  
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;