DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GREAT LAKES, AND ENERGY  
DRINKING WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION  
SUPPLYING WATER TO THE PUBLIC  
(By authority conferred on the department of environment, Great Lakes, and energy by  
section 5 of the safe drinking water act, 1976 PA 399, MCL 325.1005)  
PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS  
R 325.10101 Purpose.  
Rule 101. These rules are promulgated by the department for the purpose of  
protecting the public health and implementing the act, and to specify certain  
standards and criteria for public water supplies which are consistent and  
compatible with the provisions of the act and the federal act.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10102 Definitions; A, B.  
Rule 102. As used in these rules:  
(a) "Act" means 1976 PA 399, MCL 325.1001 to 325.1023 and known as the safe  
drinking water act.  
(b) "Action level" means the concentration of lead or copper in water as specified in  
R 325.10604f(1)(c) that determines, in some cases, the treatment requirements that a  
water supply is required to complete.  
(c) "Advisory board" means the advisory board of examiners appointed by the  
director under section 9(2) of the act.  
(d) "Alteration" means the modification of, or addition to, an existing waterworks  
system, or portion of the system, that affects any of the following:  
(i) Flow.  
(ii) Capacity.  
(iii) System service area.  
(iv) Source.  
(v) Treatment.  
(vi) Reliability.  
(e) "Approved analytical technique" means a calculation, determination, or other  
laboratory examination or procedure that has been approved by the United States  
Environmental Protection Agency under 40 C.F.R. part 141, which is adopted by  
reference in R 325.10605.  
(f) "Approved basement" means a basement which has walls and a floor that are  
constructed of concrete or its equivalent, which is essentially watertight, which is  
effectively drained, and which is in daily use.  
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(g) "Aquifer" means an underground water-bearing formation which is saturated and  
which transmits water in sufficient quantities to serve as a water supply.  
(h) "Artesian" means a condition of internal pressure which causes the water level in  
a well to rise above the aquifer used to supply water at the well location.  
(i) "Asset management program" means a program that identifies the desired level of  
service at the lowest life cycle cost for rehabilitating, repairing, or replacing the assets  
associated with the waterworks system.  
(j) "Back-up operator" means a certified operator designated by the public water  
supply to be in charge of the waterworks system or portion of the waterworks system  
when the operator in charge is not available.  
(k) "Bag filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that remove particulate  
matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered porous filtration media. They are  
typically constructed of a non-rigid, fabric filtration media housed in a pressure vessel in  
which the direction of flow is from the inside of the bag to outside.  
(l) "Bank filtration" means a water treatment process that uses a well to recover  
surface water that has naturally infiltrated into groundwater through a river bed or bank  
or banks. Infiltration is typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a  
nearby pumping water supply or other well or wells.  
(m) "Bottled drinking water" means water that is ultimately sold, provided, or  
offered for human consumption in a closed container.  
(n) “Business day” means Monday through Friday, except for federal or state  
holidays.  
History: 1979 AC; 1991 AACS; 1994 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2015 AACS;  
2018 AACS.  
R 325.10103 Definitions; C.  
Rule 103. As used in these rules:  
(a) "C" in "CT calculation" means the residual disinfectant concentration measured in  
milligrams per liter in a representative sample of water.  
(b) "Cartridge filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that remove  
particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered porous filtration media.  
They are typically constructed as rigid or semi-rigid, self-supporting filter elements  
housed in pressure vessels in which flow is from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.  
(c) "Casing" means a durable pipe that is placed in a well to prevent the soil from  
caving in and to seal off surface drainage or undesirable water, gases, contaminants, or  
other fluids and prevent them from entering the well and the aquifer supplying the well.  
(d) "Casing vent" means an outlet at the upper terminal of a well casing which  
provides atmospheric pressure in the well and which allows the escape of gases when  
present.  
(e) "Certificate" means a document that is issued by the department to a person who  
meets the qualification requirements for operating a waterworks system or a portion of  
the waterworks system.  
(f) "Certified operator" means an operator who holds a certificate.  
(g) "Clean compliance history" means, for the purposes of the total coliform  
provisions of R 325.10704a to R 325.10704k, a record of no MCL violations under  
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R 325.10602; no monitoring violations under R 325.10704 to R 325.10709; and no  
coliform treatment technique trigger exceedances or treatment technique violations under  
R 325.10704a to R 325.10704k.  
(h) "Combined distribution system" means the interconnected distribution system  
consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale supplies and of the consecutive  
supplies that receive finished water.  
(i) "Community supply" or "community water supply" or "community water system"  
means a public water supply that provides year-round service to not fewer than 15 living  
units or that regularly provides year-round service to not fewer than 25 residents.  
(j) "Complete treatment" means a series of processes, including disinfection and  
filtration, to treat surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface  
water, or to treat ground water not under the direct influence of surface water that uses  
precipitative softening, to produce a finished water meeting state drinking water  
standards.  
(k) "Compliance cycle" means the 9-year calendar year cycle during which public  
water supplies are required to monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three 3-year  
compliance periods. The first calendar year cycle begins January 1, 1993, and ends  
December 31, 2001; the second begins January 1, 2002, and ends December 31, 2010; the  
third begins January 1, 2011, and ends December 31, 2019.  
(l) "Compliance period" means a 3-year calendar year period within a compliance  
cycle. Each compliance cycle has three 3-year compliance periods. Within the first  
compliance cycle, the first compliance period runs from January 1, 1993, to December  
31, 1995; the second from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998; the third from January  
1, 1999, to December 31, 2001.  
(m) "Comprehensive performance evaluation (CPE)" means a thorough review and  
analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based capabilities and associated  
administrative, operation, and maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify factors  
that may be adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and  
emphasizes approaches that can be implemented without significant capital  
improvements. For purposes of compliance, the comprehensive performance evaluation  
shall consist of at least all of the following components:  
(i) Assessment of plant performance.  
(ii) Evaluation of major unit processes.  
(iii) Identification and prioritization of performance limiting factors.  
(iv) Assessment of the applicability of comprehensive technical assistance.  
(v) Preparation of a CPE report.  
(n) "Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth that covers the entire  
filtration area of a membrane filter, or portion of a filtration area, in which bacterial  
colonies are not discrete.  
(o) "Consecutive system" or "consecutive supply" means a public water supply that  
receives some or all of its finished water from 1 or more wholesale supplies. Delivery  
may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of 1 or more  
consecutive supplies.  
(p) "Construction" means the erection, installation, or alteration of a waterworks  
system, or any portion of a waterworks system, that affects any of the following:  
(i) Flow.  
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(ii) Capacity.  
(iii) System service area.  
(iv) Source.  
(v) Treatment.  
(vi) Reliability.  
(q) "Contested cases" means matters that are within the definition of a contested case  
as set forth by section 3(3) of 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.203(3), and matters of issue that  
involve any of the following which are issued by the director, the department, or the  
division under the act and these rules:  
(i) Orders.  
(ii) Exemptions.  
(iii) Variances.  
(iv) Stipulations.  
(v) Consent agreements.  
(vi) Permits.  
(vii) Licenses.  
(viii) Certificates.  
(r) "Contested case hearing" means a hearing that is initiated by the department or a  
person under chapters 4, 5, and 6 of 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.271 to 24.306.  
(s) "Contaminant" means a physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance  
or matter in water.  
(t) "Conventional filtration" means a series of processes, including coagulation,  
flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration, resulting in substantial particulate removal.  
(u) "Corrosion inhibitor" means a substance that is capable of reducing the corrosivity  
of water toward metal plumbing materials, especially lead and copper, by forming a  
protective film on the interior surface of those materials.  
(v) "Cross connection" means a connection or arrangement of piping or  
appurtenances through which a backflow could occur.  
(w) "CT calculation" means the product of residual disinfectant concentration (C) in  
milligrams per liter determined at or before the first customer and the corresponding  
disinfectant contact time (T) in minutes; C*T is calculated at rated capacity. The total CT  
shall be the sum of individual CTs of each disinfectant sequence.  
(x) "Customer service connection" means the pipe between a water main and  
customer site piping or building plumbing system.  
(y) "Customer site piping" means an underground piping system owned or controlled  
by the customer that conveys water from the customer service connection to building  
plumbing systems and other points of use on lands owned or controlled by the customer.  
Customer site piping does not include any system that incorporates treatment to protect  
public health.  
History: 1979 AC; 1991 AACS; 1993 AACS; 1994 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2003 AACS;  
2009 AACS; 2015 AACS.  
R 325.10104 Definitions; D, E.  
Rule 104. As used in these rules:  
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(a) "Department" means the department of environmental quality  
authorized agent or representative.  
or its  
(b) "Deviation" means an exception to a department rule establishing minimum  
standards or requirements issued in writing or as a condition to a permit to a public  
water supply.  
(c) "Direct filtration" means a series of processes, including coagulation and  
filtration, but excluding sedimentation, resulting in substantial particulate removal.  
(d) "Director" means the director of environmental quality or his  
authorized agent or representative.  
or her  
(e) "Disinfectant contact time" (T in CT calculations) means the time in minutes  
that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application or the  
previous point of disinfectant residual measurement to a point at or before the point  
where residual disinfectant concentration is measured. Disinfectant contact time in  
pipelines shall be calculated based on plug flow by dividing the internal volume of  
the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe. Disinfectant contact  
time within mixing basins and storage reservoirs shall be determined by tracer studies  
or an equivalent demonstration.  
(f) "Disinfection profile" means a summary of Giardia lamblia inactivation,  
and in certain cases virus inactivation, through the treatment plant.  
(g) "Distribution system" means a system that consists of the following  
components through which water is distributed and used or intended for use for drinking  
or household purposes:  
(i) Piping.  
(ii) Transmission or distribution mains.  
(iii) Pumps.  
(iv) Pumping stations.  
(v) Storage tanks.  
(vi) Controls.  
(vii) Associated appurtenances.  
(h) "Division" means the drinking water and radiological protection division of  
the department.  
(i) "Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem" means a  
coliform contamination problem in a public water supply which has more than 1 service  
connection that is limited to the specific service connection from which the coliform  
positive sample was taken.  
(j) "Drawdown" means the difference between the static water level  
and the  
pumping water level in a well or, for a flowing artesian well, the difference between  
an established datum above ground and the pumping water level.  
(k) "Dual sample set" means a set of 2 samples collected at the same time and same  
location, with 1 sample analyzed for TTHM and the other sample analyzed for  
HAA5. Dual sample sets are collected for the purpose of conducting an IDSE  
under R 325.10719g and determining compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs  
under R 325.10610d and R 325.10719h to R 325.10719n.  
(l) "Effective corrosion inhibitor residual," for the purpose of lead and copper  
control, means a concentration that is sufficient to form a passivating film on the  
interior walls of a pipe.  
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(m) "Emergency" means a situation in a public water supply that results in  
contamination, loss of pressure, lack of adequate supply of water, or other condition  
that poses an imminent hazard or danger to the public health.  
(n) "Enhanced coagulation" means the addition of sufficient  
coagulant for  
improved removal of  
filtration treatment.  
disinfection  
byproduct  
precursors  
by conventional  
(o) "Enhanced softening" means the improved removal of disinfection  
byproduct precursors by precipitative softening.  
(p) "EPA" means the United States environmental protection agency.  
(q) "Equivalent certificate" means a certificate which is issued  
to certain  
individuals. Individuals eligible for an equivalent certificate do not hold a current  
certificate but were issued certification before the effective date of the current rules.  
(r) "Established ground surface" means the intended or actual finished grade or  
elevation of the surface of the ground at the site of a water supply facility.  
(s) "Exemption" means an order, with appropriate conditions, time schedules,  
and compliance requirements, that is issued by the director to a public water supply  
permitting a public water supply to be in temporary noncompliance with a state  
drinking water standard, including a specified treatment technique.  
History: 1979 AC; 1991 AACS; 1994 AACS; 1998 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2005 AACS;  
2009 AACS.  
R 325.10105 Definitions; F to L.  
Rule 105. As used in these rules:  
(a) "Federal act" means the safe drinking water act of 1974, 42 U.S.C.§300f et seq.  
and the state and local assistance set forth in 40 C.F.R. part 35, §35.600 to §35.630;  
national primary drinking water regulations set forth in 40 C.F.R. part 141; and national  
primary drinking water regulations implementation set forth in 40 C.F.R. part 142  
promulgated by EPA (2014) under the federal act.  
(b) "Filter profile" means a graphical representation of individual filter performance,  
based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time for an  
entire filter run, from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of  
filter performance while another filter is being backwashed.  
(c) "Finished water" means water that is introduced into the distribution system of a  
public water supply and is intended for distribution and consumption without further  
treatment, except as treatment necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution  
system, for example, booster disinfection, addition of corrosion control chemicals.  
(d) "Firm capacity," as applied to wells, pumping stations, or units of treatment  
systems, means the production capability of each respective part of the waterworks  
system with the largest well, pump, or treatment unit out of service.  
(e) "First draw sample" means a 1-liter sample of tap water which has been standing  
in plumbing pipes for not less than 6 hours and which is collected without flushing the  
tap.  
(f) "Flowing stream" means a course of running water flowing in a definite channel.  
(g) "GAC10" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an empty-bed contact  
time of 10 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of  
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every 180 days, except that the reactivation frequency for GAC10 used as a best available  
technology for compliance with TTHM and HAA5 MCLs based on a locational running  
annual average under R 325.10610 is 120 days.  
(h) "GAC20" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an empty-bed contact  
time of 20 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of  
every 240 days.  
(i) "Gravity storage tank" means an elevated or ground level finished water storage  
reservoir that, during normal use, operates under atmospheric pressure.  
(j) "Ground water" or "groundwater" means the water in the zone of saturation in  
which all of the pore spaces of the subsurface material are filled with water.  
(k) "Ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWUDI)" means any  
water beneath the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other  
macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or  
Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics, such as  
turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, that closely correlate to climatological or  
surface water conditions. The department will determine direct influence for individual  
sources in accordance with this definition and R 325.10611(1) and will notify the supply  
of its determination.  
(l) "Grout" means neat cement, concrete, or other sealing material which is approved  
by the department and which is used to seal a well casing in a well.  
(m) "Haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5)" mean the sum of the concentrations in  
milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid,  
dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid),  
rounded to 2 significant figures after addition.  
(n) "Imminent hazard" means that, in the judgment of the director, there is a  
violation, or a condition that may cause a violation, of the state drinking water standards  
at a public water supply requiring immediate action to prevent endangering the health of  
people.  
(o) "Initial compliance period" means January 1993 to December 1995. For a  
supply that has less than 150 service connections, the initial compliance period is January  
1996 to December 1998 for contaminants listed in part 6 of these rules that have an  
effective date of January 17, 1994.  
(p) "Lake/reservoir" means a natural or man-made basin or hollow on the Earth's  
surface in which water collects or is stored that may or may not have a current or single  
direction of flow.  
(q) "Large water supply" or "large water system," for the purpose of lead and copper  
control, means a public water supply that serves more than 50,000 persons.  
(r) "Lead service line" means either a service line which is made of lead or any lead  
pigtail, lead gooseneck, or other lead fitting that is connected to the service line, or both.  
(s) "Level 1 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the possible presence of  
sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform monitoring practices, and (when  
possible) the likely reason that the supply triggered the assessment. Level 1 assessment  
shall be conducted by the supply operator or owner. Minimum elements include review  
and identification of atypical events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate  
that distributed water quality was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance  
and operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source  
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and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where appropriate (for  
example, whether a ground water supply is disinfected); existing water quality  
monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample  
processing. The supply shall conduct the assessment consistent with any department  
directives that tailor specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of the  
supply and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system.  
(t) "Level 2 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the possible presence of  
sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform monitoring practices, and (when  
possible) the likely reason that the supply triggered the assessment. A level 2 assessment  
provides a more detailed examination of the supply (including the supply’s monitoring  
and operational practices) than does a level 1 assessment through the use of more  
comprehensive investigation and review of available information, additional internal and  
external resources, and other relevant practices. Level 2 assessment shall be conducted  
by the department. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical  
events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality  
was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation that could affect  
distributed water quality (including water storage); source and treatment considerations  
that bear on distributed water quality, where appropriate (for example, whether a ground  
water supply is disinfected); existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in  
sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample processing. The department shall conduct  
the assessment tailoring specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of  
the supply and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system. The supply  
shall comply with any expedited actions or additional actions required by the department  
in the case of an E. coli MCL violation.  
(u) "License" means the license that is issued by the department to a water hauler, or  
for a water hauling tank, under section 18 of the act.  
(v) "Limited treatment system" means a treatment system, including, but not limited  
to, disinfection, fluoridation, iron removal, ion exchange treatment, phosphate  
application, or filtration other than complete treatment.  
(w) "Living unit" means a house, apartment, or other domicile occupied or intended  
to be occupied on a day-to-day basis by an individual, family group, or equivalent.  
(x) "Locational running annual average (LRAA)" means the average of sample  
analytical results for samples taken at a particular monitoring location during the previous  
4 calendar quarters.  
History: 1979 AC; 1994 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2015 AACS;  
2018 AACS.  
Editor's Note: An obvious error in R 325.10105 was corrected at the request of the promulgating  
agency, pursuant to Section 56 of 1969 PA 306, as amended by 2000 PA 262, MCL 24.256. The rule  
containing the error was published in Michigan Register, 2018 MR 11. The memorandum requesting the  
correction was published in Michigan Register, 2018 MR 12.  
R 325.10106 Definitions; M to O.  
Rule 106. As used in these rules:  
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(a) "Maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL)" means a level of a  
disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the consumer's  
tap without an unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects.  
(b) "Maximum TTHM potential" means the maximum concentration of total  
trihalomethanes produced in a given water containing  
days at a temperature of 25 degrees Centigrade or above.  
a
disinfectant residual after 7  
(c) "MCL" means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that  
is delivered to any user of a public water supply.  
(d) "MDL" means method detection limit for analytical work done to  
determine compliance with the act.  
(e) "Medium-size water system" or "medium-size water supply," for the purpose  
of lead and copper control, means a public water supply that serves more than 3,300  
persons and fewer than or equal to 50,000 persons.  
(f) "Membrane filtration" means a pressure or vacuum driven separation  
process in which particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer  
is rejected by an  
engineered barrier, primarily through a size-exclusion mechanism, and which has a  
measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that can be verified through  
the application of a direct integrity test. This definition includes the common  
membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse  
osmosis.  
(g) "Monitoring requirement" means a schedule, frequency, and location for the  
sampling and analysis of water that is required by the provisions of part 7 of these rules  
to determine whether a public water supply is in compliance with the state drinking  
water standards.  
(h) "Near the first service connection" means at 1 of the 20% of all service  
connections in the entire system that are nearest the water supply treatment facility, as  
measured by water transport time within the distribution system.  
(i) "Noncommunity supply" or "noncommunity  
water  
supply"  
or  
"noncommunity water system" means a public water supply that is not a community  
supply, but that has not fewer than 15 service connections or that serves not fewer than  
25 individuals on an average daily basis for not less than 60 days per year.  
(j) "Nontransient noncommunity water  
supply"  
or  
"nontransient  
noncommunity water system" or "NTNC" means a noncommunity public water supply  
that serves not fewer than 25 of the same individuals on an average daily basis over 6  
months per year. This definition includes water supplies in places of employment,  
schools, and day-care centers.  
(k) "NTU" means nephelometric turbidity unit.  
(l) "One hundred-year drought elevation" means the minimum projected water  
surface elevation that would occur at a location once in a period of 100 years.  
(m) "One hundred-year flood elevation" means the maximum projected water  
surface elevation that would occur at a location once in a period of 100 years.  
(n) "Operating shift" means that period of time during which operator  
decisions that affect public health are necessary for proper operation of the  
waterworks system.  
(o) "Operator" means an individual who operates a waterworks system or a  
portion of a waterworks system.  
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(p) "Operator in charge" means a certified operator who is designated by the  
owner of a public water supply as the responsible individual in overall charge of a  
waterworks system, or portion of a  
waterworks  
system, who makes decisions  
regarding the daily operational activities of the system that will directly impact the  
quality or quantity of drinking water.  
(q) "Optimal corrosion control treatment," for the purpose of lead and copper  
control, means the corrosion control treatment that minimizes the lead and copper  
concentrations at users' taps while ensuring that the treatment does not cause the  
public water supply to be in violation of any national primary drinking water  
regulations.  
History: 1979 AC; 1984 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1991 AACS; 1994 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS;  
2003 AACS; 2009 AACS.  
R 325.10107 Definitions; P, R.  
Rule 107. As used in these rules:  
(a) "Permit" means a public water supply construction permit that is issued to a  
supplier of water by the department under section 4 of the act, MCL 325.1004.  
(b) "Person" means an individual, partnership, copartnership, cooperative, firm,  
company, public or private association or corporation, political subdivision, agency of the  
state, agency of the federal government, trust, estate, joint structure company, or any  
other legal entity, or their legal representative, agent, or assignee.  
(c) "PFAS” means per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.  
(d) "Pitless adapter" means a device or assembly of parts that permits water to pass  
through the wall of a well casing or extension of a well casing and that provides access to  
the well and to the parts of the system within the well in a manner that prevents the  
entrance of contaminants into the well and the water produced.  
(e) "Plans and specifications" means drawings, data, and a true description or  
representation of an entire waterworks system or parts of the system as it exists or is to be  
constructed, and a statement of how a waterworks system must be operated.  
(f) "Plant intake" means the works or structures at the head of a conduit through which  
water is diverted from a source, for example, river or lake, into the treatment plant.  
(g) "Point-of-entry treatment device (POE)" means a treatment device applied to the  
drinking water entering a house or building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in  
the drinking water distributed throughout the house or building.  
(h) "Point-of-use treatment devise (POU)" means a treatment device applied to a single  
tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that 1 tap.  
(i) "Political subdivision" means a city, village, township, charter township, county,  
district, authority, or portion or combination of any of the entities specified in this  
subdivision.  
(j) "PQL" means the practical quantitation levels. The PQL is the lowest concentration  
that can be reliably achieved by well-operated laboratories within specified limits of  
precision and accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions.  
(k) "Presedimentation" means a preliminary treatment process used to remove gravel,  
sand, and other particulate material from the source water through settling before the  
water enters the primary clarification and filtration processes in a treatment plant.  
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(l) "Production well" means a well that has been approved for use for a public water  
supply pursuant to part 8 of these rules.  
(m) "Public hearing" means a hearing that is conducted by the director of the  
department on matters relating to the functions and responsibilities of the division and  
that seeks public input relevant to such functions and responsibilities.  
(n) "Public water supply" or "public water system" means a waterworks system that  
provides water for drinking or household purposes to persons other than the supplier of  
the water, and does not include either of the following:  
(i) A waterworks system that supplies water to only 1 living unit.  
(ii) A waterworks system that consists solely of customer site piping.  
(o) "Pumping water level" means the distance measured from an established datum at  
or above ground level to the water surface in a well being pumped at a known rate for a  
known period of time.  
(p) "Rated treatment capacity" means 1 or any combination of the following capacities  
when water treatment is practiced:  
(i) Rated capacity from an approved surface water supply, ground water supply under  
the direct influence of surface water, or complete treatment system as contained in  
R 325.11006.  
(ii) Firm capacity from an approved ground water supply where firm capacity means  
the production capability of each respective component of the waterworks system with  
the largest well, pump, or treatment unit out of service.  
(iii) Available capacity obtained under contract and capable of delivery from another  
approved public water supply.  
(q) "Raw water" means water that is obtained from a source by a public water supply  
before the public water supply provides any treatment or distributes the water to its  
customers.  
(r) "Regional administrator" means the EPA region V administrator.  
(s) "Regulated VOCs" means a group of volatile organic chemicals for which state  
drinking water standards have been promulgated but does not include total  
trihalomethanes.  
(t) "Removed from service" means physically disconnected from the waterworks  
system in a manner that would prevent the inadvertent use of the well and would require  
specific authorization from the public water supply to reconnect.  
(u) "Repeat sample" means a sample that is collected and analyzed in response to a  
previous coliform-positive sample.  
(v) "Resident" means an individual who owns or occupies a living unit.  
(w) "Routine sample" means a water sample that is collected and analyzed to meet the  
monitoring requirements for total coliform, as outlined in the written sampling plan.  
History: 1979 AC; 1989 AACS; 1991 AACS; 1994 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2005 AACS;  
2009 AACS; 2020 MR 14, Eff. Aug. 3, 2020.  
R 325.10108 Definitions; S.  
Rule 108. As used in these rules:  
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(a) "Sanitary defect" means a defect that could provide a pathway of entry for  
microbial contamination into the distribution system or that is indicative of a failure or  
imminent failure in a barrier that is already in place.  
(b) "Sanitary survey" means an evaluation, including an on-site review of a  
waterworks system or a portion of the waterworks system, including all of the following  
applicable components for existing or potential health hazards for the purpose of  
determining the ability of the public water supply to produce, treat, and distribute  
adequate quantities of water meeting state drinking water standards:  
(i) Source.  
(ii) Treatment.  
(iii) Distribution system.  
(iv) Finished water storage.  
(v) Pumps, pump facilities, and controls.  
(vi) Monitoring, reporting, and data verification.  
(vii) System management and operation.  
(viii) Operator compliance with state requirements.  
(c) "Seasonal supply" means a noncommunity water supply that is not operated as a  
public water supply on a year-round basis and starts up and shuts down at the beginning  
and end of each operating season.  
(d) "Service connection" means a direct connection from a distribution water main  
to a living unit or other site to provide water for drinking or household purposes.  
(e) “Service line” means the pipe from the discharge of the corporation fitting to  
customer site piping or to the building plumbing at the first shut-off valve inside the  
building, or 18 inches inside the building, whichever is shorter.  
(f) "Service line sample" means a 1-liter sample of water that has been standing for  
not less than 6 hours in a service line.  
(g) "Shift operator" means a certified operator, other than the operator in charge,  
who is in charge of an operating shift of a waterworks system.  
(h) "Single-family structure," for the purpose of lead and copper control, means a  
building which is constructed as a single-family residence and which is currently used as  
either a residence or a place of business.  
(i) "Small water supply" or "small water system," for the purpose of lead and copper  
control, means a public water supply that serves fewer than 3,301 persons.  
(j) "SOC" means synthetic organic chemical.  
(k) "Source" means the point of origin of raw water or means treated water that is  
purchased or obtained by a public water supply, by a water hauler, or by a person who  
provides bottled water.  
(l) "State drinking water standards" means quality standards setting limits for  
contaminant levels or establishing treatment techniques to meet standards necessary to  
protect the public health.  
(m) "Static water level" means the distance measured from an established datum at  
or above ground level to the water surface in a well which is not being pumped, which is  
not under the influence of pumping, and which is not flowing under artesian pressure.  
(n) "Subpart H system" or "subpart H supply" means a public water supply using  
surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water as a source.  
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(o) "Suction line" means a pipe or line that is connected to the inlet side of a pump  
or pumping equipment.  
(p) "Supplier of water" or "supplier" means a person who owns or operates a public  
water supply, and includes a water hauler.  
(q) "Surface water" means water that rests or flows on the surface of the ground.  
(r) "SUVA" means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), an  
indicator of the humic content of water. It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing  
a sample's ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (uv254) (in m-1) by its  
concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (in mg/l). Therefore, SUVA units are  
l/mg-m.  
(s) "System with a single service connection" means a public water supply that  
supplies drinking water to consumers through a single service line.  
History: 1979 AC; 1991 AACS; 1993 AACS; 1994 AACS; 2000 AAS; 2002 AACS; 2003 AACS;  
2009 AACS; 2015 AACS; 2018 AACS.  
R 325.10109 Definitions; T to Y.  
Rule 109. As used in these rules:  
(a) "Test well" means a well that is drilled on a site that has not been approved  
for use as a production well in accordance with the provisions of part 8 of these  
rules.  
(b) "Too numerous to count" means that the total number of bacterial colonies is  
more than 200 on a 47 millimeter diameter membrane filter.  
(c) "Total organic carbon" or "TOC" means total organic  
carbon  
in mg/l  
measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants, or  
combinations of these oxidants that convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded  
to 2 significant figures.  
(d) "Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the concentration, in  
milligrams per liter, rounded to 2 significant figures, of all of the following:  
(i) The trihalomethane compounds.  
(ii) Trichloromethane (chloroform).  
(iii) Dibromochloromethane.  
(iv) Bromodichloromethane.  
(v) Tribromomethane (bromoform).  
(e) "Transient noncommunity water supply" or "transient noncommunity water  
system" means a noncommunity supply that does not meet the definition of  
nontransient noncommunity water supply in R 325.10106(h).  
(f) "Treatment system" means a facility or structure and associated  
appurtenances installed for the purpose of treating drinking water before delivery to a  
distribution system.  
(g) "Treatment technique" means a minimum treatment requirement or a  
necessary methodology or technology that is employed by a public water supply for  
the control of the chemical, physical, biological, or radiological characteristics of  
the public water supply.  
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(h) "Trihalomethane" or "THM" means 1 of the family  
of  
organic  
compounds named as derivatives of methane, wherein 3 of the 4 hydrogen atoms in  
methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure.  
(i) "Two-stage lime softening" means a process in which chemical addition and  
hardness precipitation occur in each of 2 distinct unit clarification processes in  
series prior to filtration.  
(j) "Unregulated contaminants" means a group of contaminants for which state  
drinking water standards have not been promulgated, but for which monitoring  
requirements apply.  
(k) "Variance" means an order, with appropriate conditions and compliance  
schedules and requirements, which is issued by the director to a public water supply and  
which permits a public water supply to be in noncompliance with a state drinking  
water standard, including a specified treatment technique.  
(l) "VOC" means volatile organic chemical.  
(m) "Water hauler" means a person engaged in bulk vehicular transportation of  
water to other than the water hauler's own household which is intended for use or  
used for drinking or household purposes. Excluded from this definition are those  
persons providing water solely for employee use.  
(n) "Water transportation tank" means a tank that is associated with an over the  
road vehicle that is used for the bulk transport of drinking water.  
(o) "Waterworks system" or "system" means a system of pipes and structures  
through which water is obtained and distributed, including, but not limited to all of the  
following which are actually used or intended for use for the purpose of furnishing  
water for drinking or household purposes:  
(i) Wells and well structures, intakes, and cribs.  
(ii) Pumping stations.  
(iii) Treatment plants.  
(iv) Storage tanks.  
(v) Pipelines and appurtenances.  
(vi) A combination of the items specified in this subdivision.  
(p) "Wholesale system" or "wholesale supply" means a public water supply that  
treats source water as necessary to produce finished water and then delivers some or  
all of that finished water to another public water supply. Delivery may be through a  
direct connection or through the distribution system of 1 or more consecutive supplies.  
(q) "Year-round service" means the ability of a supplier of water to provide  
drinking water on a continuous basis to a living unit or facility.  
History: 1979 AC; 1984 AACS; 1989 AACS; 1991 AACS; 1993 AACS; 1994 AACS; 1998  
AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2003 AACS; 2009 AACS.  
R 325.10110 Definitions; parts 6 and 7.  
Rule 110. As used in part 6 and part 7 of these rules:  
(a) "Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed dose from ionizing  
radiation and such factors as account for differences in biological effectiveness due  
to the type of radiation and its distribution in the body as specified by the ICRU.  
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(b) "Gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to alpha  
particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.  
(c) "Gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to beta particle  
emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.  
(d) "ICRU" means the international commission on radiological units and  
measurements.  
(e) "Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means all radionuclides emitting  
beta particles or photons, or both, listed in "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air or in Water for  
Occupational Exposure," NCRP Report 22, 1963, as adopted by reference in R  
325.10112, except the daughter product of thorium 232, uranium 235, and uranium 238.  
(f) "Picocurie" or "pCi" means that quantity of radioactive material producing  
2.22 nuclear transformations per minute.  
(g) "Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing radiation to the total  
body or any internal organ or organ system. A millirem is 1/1000 of a rem.  
History: 1979 AC; 2000 AACS.  
R 325.10111 Rescinded.  
History: 1979 AC; 2000 AACS.  
R 325.10112 Adoption by reference.  
Rule 112. (1) The materials adopted by reference in this rule are available for  
inspection at the offices of the department or from the sources, or available on the  
Internet. The contact information for the department and each source for the materials  
are listed in R 325.10116 addresses. The purchase prices are at the time of adoption of  
these rules.  
(2) Report 22, 1963, Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible  
Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure is  
adopted by reference. The material is referenced in R 325.10603. The material is  
available for purchase for $20.00 from the National Council on Radiation Protection and  
Measurements.  
(3) NSF international standards are available for purchase from NSF International or  
on the Internet at http://www.nsf.org. The department adopts by reference all of the  
following NSF standards:  
Standard  
44-2013  
53-2013  
58-2013  
60-2012  
Name  
Date  
Price  
Rule  
Reference  
Residential Cation Exchange Water 06/11/2013 $165.00 R 325.10313  
Softeners  
Drinking Water Treatment Units -  
Health Effects  
Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water  
Treatment Systems  
Drinking Water Treatment  
06/11/2013 $165.00 R 325.10313  
12/01/2013 $165.00 R 325.10313  
08/22/2012 $325.00 R 325.12102  
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Chemicals - Health Effects  
Drinking Water System  
Components - Health Effects  
61-2012  
61-2012  
07/08/2012 $325.00 R 325.12102  
Addendum: Drinking Water System 03/26/2013 $45.00 R 325.12102  
addendum Components - Health Effects  
62-2013 Drinking Water Distillation Systems 06/11/2013 $165.00 R 325.10313  
(4) Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is available on the Internet at  
http://www.ecfr.gov or contained in 40 CFR parts 136 to 149 available from the  
superintendent of documents for $67.00. The department adopts by reference both of the  
following 40 CFR materials:  
(a) 40 CFR §141.42(d) Special Monitoring for Corrosivity Characteristics, December  
5, 1994, referenced in R 325.10710a.  
(b) CT99.9 values in Tables 1.1 to 1.6, 2.1 and 3.1 of 40 CFR §141.74(b)(3)(v)  
analytical and monitoring requirements, (2014), referenced in R 325.10722.  
(5) CT99.99 values in the tables in appendix b of the LT1ESWTR Disinfection  
Profiling and Benchmarking Technical Guidance Manual, May 2003, are adopted by  
reference. The material is referenced in R 325. 10722. The guidance manual is  
accessible on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mdbp/lt1eswtr.html or  
available for purchase for $32.50 from Educational Realms (document C-900) at 1929  
Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1080, Internet address www.stemworks.org,  
telephone number 800-276-0462.  
History: 1979 AC; 1998 AACS; 2000 AACS; 2002 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2015 AACS.  
R 325.10113 Compliance with rules; guideline information.  
Rule 113. Public water supplies may use the information in the following  
publications as guideline documents to comply with these rules:  
(a) Recommended standards for water works, prepared by the Great Lakes--upper  
Mississippi river board of state sanitary engineers, is available for inspection at the  
department offices in Lansing, and may be purchased at a cost of $12.00 from the Health  
Education Services, P.O. Box 7126, Albany, New York 12224 telephone 518-439-7286,  
Internet http://www.hes.org/.  
(b) The American water works association manual M 19, emergency planning for  
water utilities, 2001, as referred to in part 23, is available for inspection at the department  
offices in Lansing, and may be purchased at a cost of $95.00 from the American Water  
Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235, telephone 1-  
800-926-7337, Internet www.awwa.org.  
(c) Suggested practices for waterworks design, construction, and operation for type I  
public water supplies, February 2008, prepared by the Michigan department of  
environmental quality, is available for inspection at the department offices in Lansing and  
on the Internet at http://www.michigan.gov/deq.  
(d) Best practices manual for cross connection control, fourth edition, October 2008,  
prepared by the Michigan department of environmental quality, is available for inspection  
at the department offices in Lansing and on the Internet at http://www.michigan.gov/deq.  
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(e) Reference Guide for Asset Management Tools: Asset Management Plan  
Components and Implementation Tools for Small and Medium sized Drinking Water and  
Wastewater Systems, May 2014, prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,  
document number EPA 816-B-14-001 is available for inspection at the department  
offices in Lansing.  
History: 1979 AC; 2000 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2015 AACS.  
R 325.10114 Recissions.  
Rule 114. The following rules of the department are rescinded:  
(a) Rules entitled "Municipal Water Supplies," being R 325.480 to R 325.491  
of the Michigan Administrative Code, and appearing on pages 2263 to 2264 of the 1954  
volume of the Code.  
(b) Rules entitled "Regulations Providing Minimum Standards for the Location  
and Construction of Certain Water Supplies in the State of Michigan," being R  
325.1451 to R 325.1461 of the Michigan Administrative Code, and appearing on  
pages 3205 to 3210 of the 1964-65 Annual Supplements to the Code.  
(c) Rules entitled "Operation of Plants Furnishing Water Supply," being R 325.371  
to R 325.374 of the Michigan Administrative Code, and appearing on pages 2253 of the  
1954 volume of the Code.  
(d) Rules entitled "Certification of Water Treatment Plant Personnel," being R  
325.551 to R 325.572 of the Michigan Administrative Code, and appearing on pages  
2278 to 2282 of the 1954 volume of the Code.  
(e) Rules entitled "Water Supply Cross-Connections," being R 325.431 to R  
325.440 of the Michigan Administrative Code, appearing on pages 6129 to 6131 of the  
1972 Annual Supplement to the Code.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10115 Remedies and penalties.  
Rule 115. A person who violates any of the provisions of these rules shall be  
subject to the remedies and penalties as prescribed by sections 21 and 22 of the act.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10116 Addresses.  
Rule 116. The following are addresses and contact information of the department  
and other organizations referred to in these rules:  
(a) Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Drinking Water and  
Environmental Health Division, 525 West Allegan Street, Post Office Box 30817,  
Lansing, MI 48909-8311, Telephone 800-662-9278. Internet address:  
http://www.michigan.gov/egle.  
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(b) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont  
Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3095, Telephone 301-657-2652. Internet  
address: http://www.ncrponline.org/.  
(c) NSF International, P.O Box 130140, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor,  
Michigan 48105, Telephone 734-769-8010 or 800-673-6275, email info@nsf.org,  
Internet address http://www.nsf.org.  
(d) Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office, P.O. Box  
979050, St. Louis, MO 63197-9000, Telephone 202-512-1800. Internet address to  
purchase documents online is http://bookstore.gpo.gov.  
History: 2002 AACS; 2009 AACS; 2015 AACS; 2020 MR 14, Eff. Aug. 3, 2020.  
PART 2. HEARINGS AND CONTESTED CASES  
R 325.10201 Public hearings; applicable law.  
Rule 201. Public hearings conducted by the division pursuant to the act and these  
rules shall be in accordance with, and subject to, Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of  
1969, as amended, being §§24.201 to 24.315 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10202 Requests for public hearings.  
Rule 202. (1) If a person requests the division to schedule a public hearing, the  
request shall be made in writing and shall include all of the following information:  
(a) The name, address, and telephone number of the person requesting the public  
hearing.  
(b) A brief statement of the reason for the request and the relationship of the person  
to the subject for which the public hearing is requested.  
(c) A brief statement of the information that the person requesting the public  
hearing intends to submit at the public hearing.  
(2) After receipt of the request for public hearing, the chief of the bureau of  
environmental and occupational health shall make a determination as to the need for a  
hearing. If the chief of the bureau grants the public hearing, it shall be scheduled and  
conducted in accordance with, and subject to, Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of  
1969, as amended.  
(3) If the chief of the bureau denies the public hearing, he shall notify the  
person requesting the public hearing in writing of his decision and shall state his  
reasons for denial of the hearing.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10203 Contested cases; applicable law; appearances; service of  
notices and orders.  
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Rule 203. (1) Division administrative procedures in contested cases and judicial  
review thereof shall be in accordance with, and subject to, chapters 4, 5, and 6 of  
Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, being §§24.271 to 24.306 of  
the Michigan Compiled Laws.  
(2) Appearances at a contested case hearing shall be either in person or by duly  
authorized agent. Legal counsel may represent a person in a contested case.  
(3) Service of notices, orders, and final orders shall be by personal service or by  
certified mail, or both, upon the parties named in the proceedings.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10204 Initiation of contested case hearing.  
Rule 204. (1) Contested case hearings may be initiated by the chief of the bureau  
of environmental and occupational health. Except in the case of suspension or  
revocation of a license, permit, order, variance, or exemption, the chief of the  
bureau shall initiate a contested case hearing by notice mailed by certified mail not less  
than 21 days prior to the hearing.  
(2) A person requesting a contested case hearing shall file  
a
petition with the  
division in Lansing, Michigan. The petition shall state the legal authority under which  
the hearing is requested, a brief statement of the matters asserted, a statement of the  
relationship of the petitioner to the issue, and a statement of relief sought.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10205 Notice of contested case hearing.  
Rule 205. When a contested case hearing is initiated, the division shall provide  
notice to those known persons who may be materially affected by the proceedings. The  
notice shall be by mail or by publication, or both, as may be necessary.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10206 Hearing officer; record of proceedings; proposal  
decision.  
for  
Rule 206. That portion of a contested case hearing in which testimony and  
evidence is to be taken may be referred to a hearing officer who shall be designated and  
authorized by the director to preside at the hearing. The hearing officer shall hear the  
evidence and prepare a record of the proceedings and a proposal for decision,  
including findings of fact and conclusions of law. The record of the proceedings  
and proposal for decision shall be filed at the office of the director as soon as  
possible after completion of the hearing. A copy of the proposal for decision shall be  
served by certified mail on all other parties to the proceedings.  
History: 1979 AC.  
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R 325.10207 Division files and records; availability; evidence.  
Rule 207. The files and records of the division specified in notices  
of  
determination and hearing, except those materials exempted by section 13 of Act No.  
442 of the Public Acts of 1976, being §15.243 of the Michigan Compiled Laws,  
shall be available before or at contested case hearings held by the director or by the  
hearing officer, and the whole, or a part thereof, may be offered at a hearing as  
evidence on behalf of the division.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10208 Stipulations and consent orders; final orders.  
Rule 208. (1) A person cited to appear at a hearing noticed by the division, and  
who desires to dispose of the contested case by stipulation or consent order, may mail to  
the director not later than 10 days before the date set for hearing his written consent to  
the terms and conditions of the proposed order or other form of action as set forth in  
the notice of determination and hearing. Agreement between the parties on the terms  
and conditions of a stipulation or consent order shall constitute sufficient cause  
for the director to dispose of the contested case without further hearing.  
(2) After the hearing officer has submitted his proposal for decision, the director  
shall issue a final order on the matter. A certified copy of the final order shall be  
prepared and served by certified mail on the contesting parties or their attorneys  
together with the director's finding containing a resume of the facts and grounds for  
decision.  
History: 1979 AC.  
PART 3. VARIANCES, EXEMPTIONS, AND TREATMENT  
TECHNOLOGIES  
R 325.10301 Purpose.  
Rule 301. The purpose of this part is to prescribe procedures by which the  
department may grant or deny a variance or exemption from a state drinking water  
standard pursuant to the provisions of section 20 of the act and in accordance with the  
federal act.  
History: 1979 AC.  
R 325.10302 Form.  
Rule 302. If a variance or exemption is granted by the department to a supplier  
of water, it shall be in the form