DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

DIRECTOR'S OFFICE

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD

(By authority conferred on the director of the department of labor and economic

opportunity by sections 19 and 21 of the Michigan occupational safety and health act,

1974 PA 154, MCL 408.1019 and 408.1021, and Executive Reorganization Order Nos.

1996-2, 2003-1, 2008-4, 2011-4, and 2019-3, MCL 445.2001, 445.2011, 445.2025,

445.2030, and 125.1998)

PART 22. SIGNALS, SIGNS, TAGS, AND BARRICADES

R 408.42201 Scope and adopted and referenced standards.

Rule 2201. (1) This part pertains to the design, placement, relocation, covering,

removal, use, and maintenance of signals, traffic control devices, accident prevention

signs, tags, and barricades for construction operations.

(2) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) International Safety Equipment

Association (ISEA) standard 107 “High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear,” 2004

edition, is adopted by reference in these rules. This standard is available from IHS

Global, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado, 80112, USA, telephone number:

1-800-854-7179 or via the internet at website: http://global.ihs.com; at a cost as of the

time of adoption of these rules of $64.00.

(3) The “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 6: Temporary Traffic

Control,” 2011 Michigan/2009 Federal Edition is adopted by reference in these rules and

is available at no cost from the Michigan Department of Transportation via the Internet at

website: www.michigan.gov/mdot. The entire 2011 Michigan Manual on Uniform

Traffic Control Devices (MMUTCD) may be purchased from the Michigan Department

of Transportation, Cashiers Office, P.O. Box 30648, Lansing, Michigan 48909-8148;

(517) 636-0650; at a cost of $143.99 as of the time of adoption of these rules.

(4) The standards adopted in subrules (1) and (2) of this rule are also available for

inspection at the Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards

and FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-

8143.

(5) Copies of the standards adopted in subrules (1) and (2) of this rule may be

obtained from the publisher or may also be obtained from the Department of Labor and

Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards and FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan

Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-8143, at the cost stated in subrules (1)

and (2) of this rule, plus $20 for shipping and handling.

(6) The following Michigan occupational safety and health standards are referenced

in these rules. Up to 5 copies of these standards may be obtained at no charge from the

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards and

FOIA Section, 530 W. Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-8143

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or via the internet at website: www.michigan.gov/mioshastandards. For quantities

greater than 5, the cost, as of the time of adoption of these rules, is 4 cents per page.

(a) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 1. “General Rules,” R 408.40101

to R 408.40134.

(b) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 6. “Personal Protective

Equipment,” R 408.40601 to R 408.40660.

(c) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 10. “Cranes and Derricks,” R

408.41001 to R 408.41099a.

(d) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 13. “Mobile Equipment,” R

408.41301.

(e) Construction Safety Standards Part 27. “Blasting and Use of Explosives,” R

408.42701 to R 408.42799.

(f) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 30. “Telecommunications for

Construction,” R 408.43001 to R 408.43006.

(g) Construction Safety Standards Part 45. “Fall Protection,” R 408.44501 to

R 408.44502.

History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS; 2021 MR 6, Eff. Mar 30, 2021.

R 408.42209 Rescinded.

History: 2006 AACS; 2013 AACS; 2021 MR 6, Eff. Mar 30, 2021.

R 408.42211 Definitions; A to C.

Rule 2211. (1) "Accident prevention sign" means a sign used to warn of a hazard

or to provide safety instructions or directions.

(2) "Accident prevention tag" means a tag which is used to warn of an existing

or immediate hazard and which is temporarily attached to a part of equipment or a

structure.

(3) "Barricade" means a readily visible obstruction used to direct the passage

of employees or vehicles.

(4) "Barrier" means a device that is designed to prevent penetration from a way of

travel to areas behind the barrier to minimize injury to employees who perform

construction operations.

(5) "Caution sign or tag" means a sign or tag used to warn of a potential

hazard or to warn against an unsafe practice.

History: 1979 AC; 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42212 Definitions; D.

Rule 2212. (1) "Danger sign or tag" means a sign or tag used to signal an

immediate hazard.

(2) "Directional sign" means a sign having an arrow to point out a direction.

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(3) "Do not operate tag" means a tag to warn of a potential hazard if the

equipment is operated.

(4) "Do not start tag" means a tag used to tag out a starting mechanism which

would cause a hazard if started.

History: 1979 AC.

R 408.42213 Definitions; E to T.

Rule 2213. (1) “Exit sign” means a sign used to designate a point of discharge from a

room or building.

(2) “Handhold” means an affixed device or designated place where a person riding

on a moving vehicle or on equipment to perform work can stabilize his or her position by

gripping with his or her free hand or hands.

(3 )“Out of order tag” means a tag used to indicate a machine is malfunctioning.

(4) “Safety instruction sign” means a sign used for general instruction or suggestion

relative to safety.

(5) “Sign” means a board, sheet, poster, or placard displayed to convey information

or direction either temporarily or permanently.

(6) “Signal” means a specific use of hands or a visual or audible device, such as a

flashing light or horn, to warn of a possible or existing hazard.

(7) “Tag” means a piece of material, usually paper, metal, or plastic, attached to a

piece of equipment or structure for the purpose of identification, instruction, or

classification.

(8) “Traffic control devices” means all signs, signals, markings, and devices placed

or erected for the purpose of regulating, warning, and guiding vehicular traffic and for

providing employee protection in a work zone.

(9) “Traffic regulator” means a person who has been trained, properly attired, and

equipped to regulate traffic flow to provide employee protection in a work zone.

(10) “Work zone” means a portion of a street or highway that meets any of the

following:

(a) Is between a “work zone begins” sign and an “end road work” sign.

(b) For construction, maintenance, or utility work activities conducted by a work

crew and more than 1 moving vehicle, is between a “begin work convoy” sign and an

“end work convoy” sign.

(c) For construction, maintenance, surveying, or utility work activities conducted by

a work crew and 1 moving or stationary vehicle exhibiting a rotating beacon or strobe

light, is between either of the following points:

(i) A point that is 150 feet behind the rear of the vehicle or that is the point from

which the beacon or strobe light is first visible on the street or highway behind the

vehicle, whichever is closer to the vehicle.

(ii) A point that is 150 feet in front of the front of the vehicle or that is the point

from which the beacon or strobe light is first visible on the street or highway in front of

the vehicle, whichever is closer to the vehicle.

History: 1979 AC; 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2013 AACS.

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R 408.42221 Duties of employer.

Rule 2221. An employer shall provide, install, and maintain signals, signs, barricades,

and tags, as prescribed by this part, where an employee might be, or would likely be,

injured if not alerted to the hazard.

History: 1979 AC; 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2014 AACS.

R 408.42222 Rescinded.

History: 1979 AC; 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42223 Traffic control.

Rule 2223. (1) Traffic control devices shall be installed and maintained as

prescribed in Part 6 of the 2011 MMUTCD, which is adopted by reference in

R 408.42201.

(a) At points of hazard, construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic

control signs and protected by traffic control devices.

(b) The design and use of all traffic control devices, including signs, signals,

markings, barricades, and other devices for protection of construction workers shall

conform to the provisions of Part 6 of the 2011 MMUTCD, which is adopted by

reference in R 408.42201.

(2) A hand-held paddle sign shall have 2 faces and it shall be attached to a staff of

suitable design that will allow the entire unit to be held and controlled by 1 traffic

regulator. The bottom of the sign shall be a minimum of 6 feet above the roadway

surface. The sign shall be fastened to the staff so that no part of the legend is obscured.

The portion of the staff within the sign face shall match the sign colors. The sign shall not

be less than 18 by 18 inches and the letters shall have a minimum height of 6 inches (150

millimeters). All letters and spacing between letters shall be as prescribed in Part 6 of the

2011 MMUTCD, which is adopted by reference in R 408.42201. The legend shall be

optically centered horizontally on the sign. One side of the sign shall display a "STOP"

face and the other side shall display the message "SLOW," except that if it is necessary

for 1 traffic regulator to stop 2 directions of traffic at the same time, then a "STOP" face

shall be used on each side of the sign. The "STOP" face shall have a red background with

white letters and border. The "SLOW" face shall have an orange background with black

letters and border. The shape of the sign shall be octagonal and the portions of the sign

other than the diamond-shaped "SLOW" face shall be black. When the sign paddle is

used during hours of darkness, the red and white of the "STOP" face and the orange of

the "SLOW" face shall be reflectorized. Sheet metal or other light semi-rigid material

may be used for mounting the "STOP" and "SLOW" faces.

(3) The paddle sign shall be as follows:

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Note: “Special” sign dimensions are recommended for single traffic regulator

operations.

(4) An employer shall provide, and a traffic regulator shall wear, high-visibility

safety apparel that meets the Performance Class 2 or 3 requirements of the ANSI/ISEA

107, “High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear,” 2004 edition, (see Section 1A.11),

which is adopted by reference in R 408.42201, or equivalent revisions, and labeled as

meeting the ANSI 107-2004 standard performance for Class 2 or 3 risk exposure.

(5) A traffic regulator shall also wear head, eye, and foot protection as prescribed in

Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 6. Personal Protective Equipment, as

referenced in R 408.42201.

History: 1979 AC; 1982 AACS; 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2006 AACS; 2013 AACS; 2014 AACS;

2021 MR 6, Eff. Mar 30, 2021.

R 408.42224 Barricades for construction operations on other than public right-

of-way.

Rule 2224. A barricade shall be provided to obstruct or direct an employee from a

hazardous area of a construction operation not otherwise affected by another standard.

History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS; 2014 AACS.

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R 408.42225 Placement, removal, relocation, and use of traffic control devices

from a moving vehicle; handholds.

Rule 2225. (1) Construction and maintenance operations that require placement,

relocation, or removal of pavement markings, or traffic control devices such as drums,

barricades, cones, or signs, shall provide protection to an employee by any of the

following methods:

(a) Use of a seat and a seatbelt that shall be worn.

(b) A standard guardrail system as prescribed in Construction Safety Standard Part

45 Fall Protection, R 408.44501, as referenced in R 408.42209, which adopts C.F.R.

§1926.502 et seq. by reference.

(c) A guardrail as described in subdivision (b) of this subrule may be modified by

removing a section of the guardrail at the point of operation to facilitate the handling of

traffic control devices, such as barrels, cones, or pavement markers. A hand hold shall be

provided. This rule shall apply only to the placement, removal, relocation, and use of

traffic control devices from a moving vehicle within the work zone.

(d) When placing or removing traffic control devices from a lower work platform,

any combination of top rails, mid rails, side rails, seats, toe boards, or other combination

of equivalent safeguards provided to the employee shall be used. A handhold shall be

provided.

(e) Use of a positioning fall protection system that prevents the employee from

falling from the vehicle. A handhold shall be provided.

(f) Use of other means that will provide equivalent fall protection for an employee

may be used. Such a system shall be performance oriented and shall be designed so that it

does not create a greater hazard to the employee.

(2) A handhold shall be oriented and a size to promote gripping by wrapping fingers

around not less than 270 degrees (3 sides) of the device or place designated. The

handhold shall be capable of withstanding not less than 200 pounds of force in any

direction and be free from rough edges, slippery surfaces, or hazardous projections. The

handhold shall be in place and identified as such before employees are permitted to

perform their assigned tasks while riding on moving vehicles.

History: 2001 AACS; 2006 AACS; 2013 AACS.

R 408.42229 Signs generally.

Rule 2229. (1) If conditions warrant the use of a sign size that is not specified in Tables 2

to 5, then the ratio of the height of the identifying panel, such as "DANGER" or

"CAUTION," to the width of the sign shall be maintained as prescribed in the tables.

(2) Signs shall be removed or covered when the hazard addressed by the sign no longer

exists.

History: 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2014 AACS.

R 408.42230 Letter style and size.

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Rule 2230. (1) A letter shall be block style and upper case for the top panel and

upper or upper and lower case for the bottom panel.

legible.

Letters and numbers shall be

(2) Letter size shall be determined by the length of the message and the maximum

visibility and readability. Table 2 shall be used as a guide for the minimum letter height

at a safe viewing distance.

(a) The spacing of letters and words shall not reduce legibility.

(b) The height of a letter that is more than 5 inches (125 millimeters) high shall be

increased by an additional 1 inch (25 millimeters) for each 35 feet (10.5 meters) of

viewing distance.

(3) Table 2 reads as follows:

MINIMUM HEIGHT OF LETTERS

VIEWING DISTANCE

Inches

5

Millimeters

Feet

Meters

60.3 - 75

45.3 - 60

36.3 - 45

31.8 - 36

27.3 - 31.5

22.8 - 27

18.3 - 22.5

12.3 - 18

9.3 - 12

125

113

100

88

75

63

50

38

25

19

13

6

201 - 250

151 - 200

121 - 150

106 - 120

91 - 105

76 - 90

4 1/2

4

3 1/2

3

2 1/2

2

61 - 75

1 1/2

1

41 - 60

31 - 40

3/4

1/2

1/4

21 - 30

6.3 - 9

10 - 20

3 -

3

6

Less than 10

History: 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42231 Accident prevention signs.

Rule 2231. An accident prevention sign shall be in compliance with all of the

following provisions:

(a) Be placed to alert and inform in time to avoid a hazard or to take appropriate

action.

(b) Be placed and maintained so as to be legible, without distraction, and so that

the sign does not create a hazard in itself.

(c) Be placed so that the sign will not be obscured.

(d) Be removed or covered when the hazard is removed.

History: 1979 AC; 1995 AACS.

R 408.42233 Danger sign.

Rule 2233. (1) A danger sign to alert employees shall be used

where an

immediate hazard exists. The sign shall be removed when the hazard no longer exists.

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(2) The proportions for a danger sign shall be not less than those prescribed

in table 3 and the format of figure 1 shall be followed.

(3) A danger sign shall have the signal word "danger" in white within a red oval

outlined in white on a black rectangular background in the upper panel.

The lower panel where additional wording may be used shall be black or red letters

on a white background as shown in figure 1.

(4) An employee shall be instructed that a danger sign indicates immediate

danger and that special precautions are necessary.

History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42234 Caution sign.

Rule 2234. (1) A caution sign shall be used to warn of a potential hazard or to

caution against an unsafe practice.

(2) The proportions for a caution sign shall be not less than those prescribed

in table 4 and the format of figure 2 shall be followed.

(3) A caution sign shall have the signal word "caution" in yellow on a black

background in the upper panel. The lower panel where additional wording may be

used shall be black letters on a yellow background.

(4) An employee shall be instructed that a caution sign indicates a possible

hazard and that proper precautions shall be taken.

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R 408.42235 Safety instruction sign.

Rule 2235. (1) A safety instruction sign shall be used

instruction or suggestion relative to safety measures.

for

a general

(2) The proportions for a safety instruction sign shall be not less than those

prescribed in table 5 and the format of figure 3 shall be followed.

(3) A safety instruction sign shall have the signal word in white on a green

background in the upper panel.

The lower panel where additional wording

may be used shall be black letters on a white background.

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History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS; 2006 AACS.

R 408.42236 Exit sign.

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Rule 2236. An exit sign, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters,

not less than 6 inches (150 millimeters) high, on a white background, and the

principal stroke of the letters shall not be less than 3/4 (19 millimeters) of an inch wide.

History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42237 Directional signs.

Rule 2237. (1) A directional arrow, other than a traffic control sign, used on a

danger, caution, or safety instructional sign shall be black.

(2) A safety related directional sign shall have a white arrow on a black upper

panel with the lower panel white and any letters in black.

(3) A directional sign shall use proportions prescribed in table 6

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History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS.

R 408.42238 Signs for blasting and use of explosives.

Rule 2238. Where blasting and the use of explosives takes place, signs shall be as

prescribed in Construction Safety Standard Part 27 Blasting and Use of Explosives, as

referenced in R 408.42209.

History: 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2006 AACS; 2013 AACS.

R 408.42241 Accident prevention tags generally.

Rule 2241. (1) An appropriate accident prevention tag shall be used as a temporary

means of warning an employee of an existing hazard, such as defective tools or

equipment. A tag shall not be used in place of an accident prevention sign or considered a

complete warning method.

(2) A tag shall be large enough to attract attention to the hazard but not less than 2 3/8

inches (59 millimeters) by 4 3/4 inches (119 millimeters).

(3) The signal word shall be in bold type.

History: 1979 AC; 2001 AACS; 2014 AACS.

R 408.42242 Accident prevention tags; types; use and specifications.

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Rule 2242. (1) A "Do Not Start" tag shall be attached to the starting mechanism

of equipment that would cause a hazardous condition if activated. The

background color shall be white with black lettering on a red square. (See figure 5.)

(2) A "Danger" tag shall be used where an immediate hazard or probability

of injury exists. The background color shall be white with white letters on a red oval

within a black square. (See figure 6.)

(3) A "Caution" tag shall be used to warn of a potential hazard or to caution

against an unsafe practice. The background color shall be yellow with yellow letters

on a black rectangle. (See figure 7.)

(4) An "Out of Order" tag shall be used only for the specific purpose of indicating

equipment or machinery is out of order and its use might create a hazard. The

background shall be white with white letters on a black square. (See figure 8.)

(5) A "Do Not Operate" tag shall be used to warn of potential hazard if use of the

equipment would create a hazard. The background color shall be white with black

lettering on a red square. (See figure 9.)

(6) An accident prevention tag shall be removed when the reason for use has been

eliminated.

**** INSERT MISSING TABLE OR CHART

MANUSCRIPT ****

-

SEE ORIGINAL

Danger Signs--

Danger--Keep Off, Electric Current.

Danger--No Smoking, Matches, or Open Lights.

Danger--Men Working Above.

Danger--Not Room Enough Here to Clear Men on Cars.

Danger--Keep Away.

Danger--Men in Boiler.

Danger--Insufficient Clearance.

Danger--2,300 Volts.

Danger--Keep Out.

Danger--Crane Overhead.

Danger--Keep Off.

Caution Signs--

Caution--Do Not Operate, Men Working on Repairs.

Caution--Hands Off Switch, Men Working on Line.

Caution--Working on Machines, Do Not Start.

Caution--Goggles Must Be Worn When Operating This Machine.

Caution--This Door Must Be Kept Closed.

Caution--Electric Trucks, Go Slow.

Caution--This Space Must Be Kept Clear at All Times.

Caution--Stop Machinery to Clean, Oil, or Repair.

Caution--Keep Aisles Clear.

Caution--Operators of This Machine Shall Wear Snug Fitting Clothing--No

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Gloves.

Caution--Close Clearance.

Caution--Watch Your Step.

Caution--Electric Fence.

Safety Instruction Signs--

Report All Injuries to the First-Aid Room at Once.

Walk--Don't Run.

Report All Injuries No Matter How Slight.

Think, If Safe Go Ahead.

Make Your Work Place Safe Before Starting the Job.

Report All Unsafe Conditions to Your Foreman.

Help Keep This Plant Safe and Clean.

Directional Signs--

This Way Out (below arrow panel).

This Way (inside arrow) Out (below arrow panel).

Fire Exit (below arrow panel).

Fire (inside arrow) Extinguisher (below arrow panel).

To the (inside arrow) Fire Escape (below arrow panel).

To the (inside arrow) First Aid (below arrow panel).

Manway (below arrow panel).

This Way to (inside arrow) First Aid Room (below arrow panel).

Informational Signs--

No Trespassing Under Penalty of the Law.

This Elevator is for Freight Only, Not for Passengers.

No Admittance Except to Employees on Duty.

No Admittance.

No Admittance, Apply at Office.

No Trespassing.

Men.

Women.

For Employees Only.

Office.

History: 1979 AC.

R 408.42243 Signs for slow-moving vehicles.

Rule 2243. A sign as prescribed in this rule shall be attached to the rear of any vehicle

that, by design, moves at 25 miles per hour or less on any public, private, or temporary

road.

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History: 1995 AACS; 2001 AACS; 2014 AACS.

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