DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY  
DIRECTOR’S OFFICE  
CONSTRUCTION STANDARD  
Filed with the secretary of state on June 22, 2026  
These rules become effective immediately after filing with the secretary of state unless  
adopted under section 33, 44, or 45a(9) of the administrative procedures act of 1969,  
1969 PA 306, MCL 24.233, 24.244, or 24.245a. Rules adopted under these sections  
become effective 7 days after filing with the secretary of state.  
(By authority conferred on the director of the department of labor and economic  
opportunity by sections 19 and 21 of the Michigan occupational safety and health act,  
1974 PA 154, MCL 408.1019 and 408.1021, and Executive Reorganization Order Nos.  
1996-2, 2003-1, 2008-4, 2011-4, and 2019-3, MCL 445.2001, 445.2011, 445.2025,  
445.2030, and 125.1998)  
R 408.42501, R 408.42502, R 408.42503, R 408.42516, R 408.42518, R 408.42520, R  
408.42522, R 408.42523, R 408.42524, R 408.42528, and R 408.42531 of the Michigan  
Administrative Code are amended, and R 408.42529 and R 408.42534 are added, as  
follows:  
PART 25, CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION  
R 408.42501 Scope.  
Rule 2501. This standard pertains to all the following:  
(a) The reinforcing, pouring, stressing, lifting, and floating of concrete.  
(b) The construction of forms and shoring used in connection with concrete  
construction.  
(c) Tendon tensioning operations.  
(d) Precast, tilt-up, and lift-slab operations.  
(e) An employee working in the vicinity of the hazard or hazards during any phase of  
the work operations listed in subdivisions (a) to (d) of this rule.  
R 408.42502 Adoption of standards.  
Rule 2502. (1) The following standards are adopted by reference in these rules and are  
available from Accuris, 7979 East Tufts Avenue, Suite 300, Denver, Colorado 80237,  
telephone number 1-800-3321-6077 at: www.accuristech.com, at a cost as of the time of  
adoption of these rules, as stated in this rule:  
(a) American National Standard Institute standard ANSI A10.9, “Concrete  
Construction and Masonry Work,” 1983 edition. Cost: $20.00.  
(b) American Welding Society standard AWS D1.1/D1.1M, “Structural Welding Code  
Steel,” 2002 edition. Cost: $388.00.  
(2) The following standard is adopted by reference in these rules, American Welding  
April 20, 2026  
2
Society standard AWS B1.10, “Guide for the Nondestructive Examination of Welds,”  
1999 edition. This standard is available from The AWS Store Customer Service, 13301  
NW 47 Avenue, Opa-Locka, Florida 33054; telephone number: 305-826-6192; or:  
www.aws.org; at a cost as of the time of adoption of these rules of $104.00.  
(3) The standards adopted in these rules are available for inspection at the Michigan  
Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards and FOIA  
Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan 48909-8143.  
(4) Copies of these standards may be obtained from the publisher or may be obtained  
from the Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards and  
FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan 48909-  
8143, at the cost charged, plus $20.00 for shipping and handling.  
R 408.42503 Reference of standards.  
Rule 2503. Up to 5 copies of these standards may be obtained at no charge from the  
Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA, Standards and  
FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan 48909-  
8143, or at: www.michigan.gov/mioshastandards. For quantities greater than 5, the cost,  
at the time of adoption of these rules, is 4 cents per page. The following Michigan  
occupational safety and health administration (MIOSHA) standards are referenced in  
these rules:  
(a) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 12. “Scaffolds and Scaffold  
Platforms,” R 408.41201 to R 408.41264.  
(b) Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 21. “Guarding of Walking and  
Working Areas,” R 408.42101 to R 408.42160.  
(c) Construction Safety Standard Part 45. “Fall Protection,” R 408.44501 to R  
408.44502.  
R 408.42516 Definitions.  
Rule 2516. (1) “Barricade” means a readily visible obstruction used to direct the  
passage of employees or vehicles.  
(2) "Bull float" means a tool used to spread out and smooth concrete.  
(3) “Competent person” means an individual who is capable of identifying existing and  
predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary,  
hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt  
corrective measures to eliminate them.  
(4) “Dead load” means a constant load, without load factors, due to mass of the  
members, the supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories.  
(5) “Flying form” means a prefabricated formwork system for floor slabs incorporating  
support that is moved in large sections by mechanical equipment including, but not  
limited to a crane or forklift.  
(6) “Footings" means a natural or built-up solid ground or base on which shoring or  
reshoring is supported, including all underlying ground strata.  
(7) "Formwork" or "falsework" means the total system of support for freshly placed or  
partially cured concrete, including the mold or sheeting that contacts the concrete and  
all supporting members, hardware, and necessary bracing.  
(8) "Guy" means a line that steadies a high object or structure by pulling against an off-  
3
center load.  
(9) "Jacking operation" means the task of vertically lifting a slab or group of slabs from  
1 location to another, such as from the casting location to a temporary, location, from a  
temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure  
during the construction of a structure where the lift-slab process is being used.  
(10) "Lift-slab" means a method of concrete construction in which floor and roof slabs  
are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks, lifted into position.  
(11) "Posttensioned concrete" means a concrete member in which internal stresses have  
been introduced by the stressing of tendons after the placement of concrete.  
(12) “Post-tensioning operations” means a method of stressing reinforced concrete in  
which tendons running through the concrete are tensioned after the concrete has  
hardened resulting in posttensioned concrete.  
(13) "Precast concrete" means a concrete member that is cast and cured at a location  
other than its final designated location.  
(14) “Pretensioned concrete" means a concrete member in which internal stresses have  
been introduced by the stressing of tendons before the placement of the concrete.  
(15) “Pre-tensioning operations” means a method of stressing tendons before concrete is  
placed and hardened resulting in pretensioned concrete.  
(16) "Qualified person" means an individual who, because of education or training, is  
knowledgeable about the erection methods, materials, and hazards of the work to be  
performed.  
(17) "Reshore" means the temporary vertical or inclined supporting members that are  
placed or left in place when the original supporting shores or posts for the formwork are  
removed. The reshores are used to support partially cured concrete and other construction  
loads.  
(18) "Shore" means a vertical or inclined support member that is designed to carry the  
weight of formwork, concrete, and construction live loads above.  
(19) “Sign” means a board, sheet, poster, or placard displayed to convey information or  
direction either temporarily or permanently.  
(20) "Slip form" means a form that moves, usually continuously, during the placement of  
concrete. Movement may be either horizontal or vertical.  
(21) “Tendon” means an element, usually steel such as wire, stranded components such  
as wires, bars or rods used in pretensioning or posttensioning concrete.  
(22) "Vertical slip form" means a form that is jacked vertically and continuously during  
the placing of concrete.  
R 408.42518 Reinforcing steel.  
Rule 2518. (1) All protruding reinforcing steel, onto and into which employees could  
fall, must be guarded to eliminate the hazard of impalement.  
(2) Reinforcing steel or walls, piers, columns, and other similar vertical structures must  
be guyed, braced, or otherwise supported to prevent collapse under the direction of a  
qualified person.  
(3) Reinforcing steel must not be used as a scaffolding hook or stirrup or as a load-  
bearing member in a lifting device.  
(4) Reinforcing steel must not be welded and used as a load-bearing member.  
(5) Roll wire mesh must be secured at each end to prevent dangerous recoiling  
4
action.  
R 408.42520 Concrete mixing, pouring, and floating.  
Rule 2520. (1) A concrete mixer that is equipped with a 1-yard or larger loading skip  
must be equipped with a mechanical device to clear the skip of material.  
(2) A guardrail that is capable of withstanding a 200-pound side thrust must be  
provided on each side of a skip on a mixer that has a capacity of 1 or more yards.  
(3) The handle on a bull float that is used where it may contact an energized electrical  
conductor must be constructed of nonconductive material or must be insulated with a  
nonconductive sheath that has electrical and mechanical characteristics that provide the  
equivalent protection of a handle constructed of nonconductive material.  
(4) A powered and rotating-type concrete troweling machine that is manually guided  
must be equipped with a control switch that automatically shuts off the power when the  
operator removes the operator’s hands from the equipment handles or switch.  
(5) The handles of a concrete buggy must not extend horizontally beyond the wheels on  
either side of the buggy.  
(6) A concrete bucket that is equipped with a hydraulically or pneumatically operated  
gate must have a positive safety latch or a similar safety device installed to prevent  
premature or accidental dumping. The bucket must be designed to prevent aggregate and  
loose material from accumulating on the top and sides of the bucket.  
(7) An employee shall not be allowed to ride a concrete bucket.  
(8) Routes for suspended loads must be preplanned to ensure that no employee is  
required to work directly below a suspended load, except for employees engaged in  
emptying the concrete bucket.  
(9) A concrete bucket that is positioned by a crane or cableway must be suspended from  
an approved swivel safety-type hook.  
(10) A pumpcrete or similar system using discharge pipe must have pipe supports that  
are designed for a 100% overload. Compression air hoses in the system shall be provided  
with positive fail-safe joint connectors to prevent the separation of sections when  
pressurized.  
(11) A runway, ramp, or scaffold must be provided for placement of concrete in areas  
such as walls, piers, columns, and beams, as prescribed in Construction Safety and Health  
Standards Part 12. “Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms,” Part 21. “Guarding of Walking  
and Working Areas,” and Part 45. “Fall Protection,” as referenced in R 408.42503.  
(12) A concrete mixer, or other equipment, such as a compressor, screen, or pumps used  
for concrete construction activities, where inadvertent operation of the equipment may  
occur and cause injury, must be locked out when an employee is performing maintenance  
or repair. An employee who is inside a concrete mixer performing maintenance or repair  
shall have the only key to the lock.  
(13) Sections of tremies and similar concrete conveyances must be secured with wire  
rope, or equivalent materials, in addition to the regular couplings or connections.  
R 408.42522 Placing and removing forms.  
Rule 2522. (1) Forms must not be completely removed until a determination is made  
that the concrete can support its own weight and any currently superimposed load. The  
determination must be based on compliance with either of the following:  
5
(a) The plans and specifications stipulate conditions for removal of forms and shores  
that have been followed.  
(b) Written documentation has been provided to the company performing the stressing  
operation that the concrete has been properly tested with an appropriate ASTM standard  
test method designed to indicate the concrete compressive strength, and that the test  
results indicate that the concrete has gained sufficient strength to support its weight and  
superimposed loads.  
(2) Vertical, horizontal, and overhead forms that are being raised or removed by lifting  
equipment must be braced or secured before being released from the load line.  
R 408.42523 Vertical slip forms.  
Rule 2523. (1) Field operations for vertical slip forms must be under the supervision of a  
qualified person. The qualified person shall be present on the deck during slipping  
operations.  
(2) A lift must proceed steadily and uniformly and must not exceed the predetermined  
rate of lift.  
(3) The steel rods or pipe on which the jacks climb or by which the forms are lifted must  
be specifically designed for climbing or lifting. The rods must be adequately braced if  
they are not encased in concrete.  
(4) Jacks and vertical supports must be positioned so that the vertical loads are  
distributed equally and do not exceed the capacity of the jacks.  
(5) The jacks or other lifting devices must be provided with mechanical dogs or other  
automatic holding devices to prevent slippage due to the failure of the power supply of  
the lifting mechanism.  
(6) Vertical slip forms must be provided with scaffolding or work platforms that  
completely encircle the area of placement. The scaffolds must be as prescribed in  
Construction Safety and Health Standard Part 12 “Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms,” as  
referenced in R 408.42503.  
(7) Lateral and diagonal bracing of vertical slip forms must be provided to prevent  
excessive distortion of the structure during the jacking operation.  
(8) During a jacking operation, a qualified person shall maintain the form structure in  
line and plumb.  
R 408.42524 Vertical shoring, guying, and bracing generally.  
Rule 2524. (1) When temporary storage of reinforcing rods, material, or equipment on  
top of formwork becomes necessary, these areas must be strengthened to support the  
intended loads.  
(2) The sills for shoring must be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum  
intended load.  
(3) When shoring from soil, the soil must be capable of supporting the load and the soil  
must be inspected after each occurrence that could affect its load-bearing capacity. Soil  
weakened from any occurrence that reduces its load-bearing capacity to less than that  
required to support a specific load must be strengthened by compacting or other  
equivalent means.  
(4) Baseplates, shore heads, extension devices, and adjustment screws must be in firm  
contact with the footing sill and the form.  
6
(5) Eccentric loads on shore heads and similar members or shoring are prohibited, unless  
the shore heads are designed for the loading.  
(6) Shoring equipment must be inspected by a qualified person before erection to  
determine that it is as specified in the shoring drawings or plans. Any equipment found to  
be damaged must not be used for shoring.  
(7) Before concrete is placed in the forms, all shoring equipment must be inspected, and  
documented, by a qualified person to determine whether it was erected as specified in the  
shoring drawings or plans.  
(8) Erected shoring must be inspected by a qualified person during and immediately after  
pouring concrete. Shoring that is found to be damaged or weakened must be reinforced or  
reshored.  
(9) Only designated employees shall be allowed on the first floor immediately under the  
forms during concrete placing work.  
(10) Shoring equipment, guying, and bracing must not be released or removed without  
the approval and assurance of a qualified person that the remaining equipment will  
support the load.  
(11) Construction or superimposed loads must not be placed on an uncured concrete pour  
unless either of the following provisions is complied with:  
(a) The strength of the concrete in the previous pour has been determined by testing to  
be capable of withstanding the load.  
(b) A qualified person indicates that the concrete has developed sufficient strength to  
support the load. This subdivision does not apply to slip form operations and slabs built at  
grade elevation.  
(12) Reshoring must be provided, when necessary, to support slabs and beams after  
stripping or where the members are subjected to superimposed loads due to the  
construction work done.  
(13) Vertical shoring must not be adjusted to raise formwork after concrete is in place,  
unless specifically provided for in the design specifications.  
R 408.42528 Flying forms.  
Rule 2528. (1) Nothing is allowed on the forms during movement unless it is  
securely fastened to the forms.  
(2) An individual, other than the rigger, shall not be allowed on top of the form after  
rollout operations have been completed.  
(3) Rigging of the form must be completed before the line from the crane takes the total  
load of the form.  
R 408.42529 Site access and layout.  
Rule 2529. The employer shall ensure each of the following are provided and  
maintained:  
(a) A route designated as a means of access or egress across reinforcing steel for general  
traffic with a walkway.  
(b) Adequate access roads into and through the site for the safe delivery and movement  
of derricks, cranes, trucks, other necessary equipment, the material to be erected, and the  
means and methods for pedestrian and vehicular control.  
(c) A firm, properly graded, and drained area, that is readily accessible to the work with  
7
adequate space for the safe assembly, rigging, and storage of reinforcing and post-  
tensioning materials, and the safe operation of the reinforcing contractor’s equipment.  
R 408.42531 Tensioning operations.  
Rule 2531. (1) Expendable and reusable tendon deflection devices must not be loaded in  
excess of their maximum intended load. The use of deflection devices must conform to  
the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.  
(2) A competent person shall inspect the stressing equipment for damage or defects  
before stressing operations begin, and periodically during the stressing operations. The  
use of stressing equipment must conform to the manufacturer’s instructions and  
recommendations.  
(3) Tensioning tendons that have kinks, bends, nicks, and other defects must not be used.  
(4) Welding or cutting is prohibited near tendon that has been unrolled, strung, or  
tensioned or at any other location where tendon is stored.  
(5) During jacking operations of any tensioning element or group of tensioning elements,  
the anchor must be kept turned up close to the anchor plate.  
(6) An employee shall not stand in the line of, in back of, over the jacking equipment, or  
above or alongside the full length of the tendons during tensioning operations.  
(7) Only an employee who is operating tensioning equipment shall be allowed in the  
immediate vicinity when tensioning is in progress.  
(8) Stress members must be lifted with the lifting devices at points specifically designed.  
An employee shall not be under stressed members during lifting and erection.  
(9) Audible or visual signaling devices must be operated to warn employees when  
tensioning operations are under way.  
(10) All employees who are not directly involved in the tensioning operations shall be  
cleared from the area and shall remain clear until tensioning operations are completed  
and the signaling devices are turned off.  
(11) An employer shall ensure signs and barricades are erected to limit access into the  
stressing area only to personnel engaged in stressing or de-tensioning operations.  
(12) An employer shall ensure there is an adequate safe work platform of a minimum of  
3 feet measured from the end of the floor slab to the platform toeboard, such as an  
extension of the formwork, for stressing tendons, cutting tendon tails, and grouting where  
tensioning operations are above grade.  
(13) An employer shall ensure stressing equipment is secured to prevent accidental  
displacement during operation.  
(14) An employer shall ensure stressing equipment calibration specifications are  
available on site. Before stressing, a competent person shall verify the adequacy of the  
stressing equipment calibrations.  
(15) An employer shall ensure methods must be employed to ensure that supporting  
forms, falsework, or shoring does not fall due to cambering of the concrete during the  
stressing operations. Dead loads and construction loads, including those due to stressing,  
must be considered in the design of the forms, falsework, and shoring.  
R 408.42534 Training requirements.  
Rule 2534. Employers shall ensure and document that each employee has been provided  
training and evaluation by a qualified person for the work and avoidance of hazards  
8
specific to the activities involved with, and related to concrete placement, precast  
placement, reinforcing steel activities, post-tensioning rigging, placement of shores and  
reshores, formwork, and handling of chemicals such as cement, concrete, and form-oils.  
;