DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GREAT LAKES, AND ENERGY

DRINKING WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION

SUPPLYING WATER TO THE PUBLIC

Filed with the secretary of state on July 27, 2020

These rules take effect 7 days after filing with the secretary of state.

(By authority conferred on the department of environment, Great Lakes, and energy by

section 5 of the safe drinking water act, 1976 PA 399, MCL 325.1005)

R 325.10107, R 325.10116, R 325.10308b, R 325.10313, R 325.10401a, R 325.10405,

and R 325.12701 of the Michigan Administrative Code are amended, and R 325.10604g,

R 325.10717d, R 325.12708, and R 325.12710 are added, as follows:

PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

R 325.10107 Definitions; P, R.

Rule 107. As used in these rules:

(a) "Permit" means a public water supply construction permit that is issued to a

supplier of water by the department under section 4 of the act, MCL 325.1004.

(b) "Person" means an individual, partnership, copartnership, cooperative, firm,

company, public or private association or corporation, political subdivision, agency of the

state, agency of the federal government, trust, estate, joint structure company, or any

other legal entity, or their legal representative, agent, or assignee.

(c) "PFAS” means per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

(d) "Pitless adapter" means a device or assembly of parts that permits water to pass

through the wall of a well casing or extension of a well casing and that provides access to

the well and to the parts of the system within the well in a manner that prevents the

entrance of contaminants into the well and the water produced.

(e) "Plans and specifications" means drawings, data, and a true description or

representation of an entire waterworks system or parts of the system as it exists or is to be

constructed, and a statement of how a waterworks system must be operated.

(f) "Plant intake" means the works or structures at the head of a conduit through which

water is diverted from a source, for example, river or lake, into the treatment plant.

(g) "Point-of-entry treatment device (POE)" means a treatment device applied to the

drinking water entering a house or building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in

the drinking water distributed throughout the house or building.

(h) "Point-of-use treatment devise (POU)" means a treatment device applied to a single

tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that 1 tap.

(i) "Political subdivision" means a city, village, township, charter township, county,

district, authority, or portion or combination of any of the entities specified in this

subdivision.

March 16, 2020

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(j) "PQL" means the practical quantitation levels. The PQL is the lowest concentration

that can be reliably achieved by well-operated laboratories within specified limits of

precision and accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions.

(k) "Presedimentation" means a preliminary treatment process used to remove gravel,

sand, and other particulate material from the source water through settling before the

water enters the primary clarification and filtration processes in a treatment plant.

(l) "Production well" means a well that has been approved for use for a public water

supply pursuant to part 8 of these rules.

(m) "Public hearing" means a hearing that is conducted by the director of the

department on matters relating to the functions and responsibilities of the division and

that seeks public input relevant to such functions and responsibilities.

(n) "Public water supply" or "public water system" means a waterworks system that

provides water for drinking or household purposes to persons other than the supplier of

the water, and does not include either of the following:

(i) A waterworks system that supplies water to only 1 living unit.

(ii) A waterworks system that consists solely of customer site piping.

(o) "Pumping water level" means the distance measured from an established datum at

or above ground level to the water surface in a well being pumped at a known rate for a

known period of time.

(p) "Rated treatment capacity" means 1 or any combination of the following capacities

when water treatment is practiced:

(i) Rated capacity from an approved surface water supply, ground water supply under

the direct influence of surface water, or complete treatment system as contained in

R 325.11006.

(ii) Firm capacity from an approved ground water supply where firm capacity means

the production capability of each respective component of the waterworks system with

the largest well, pump, or treatment unit out of service.

(iii) Available capacity obtained under contract and capable of delivery from another

approved public water supply.

(q) "Raw water" means water that is obtained from a source by a public water supply

before the public water supply provides any treatment or distributes the water to its

customers.

(r) "Regional administrator" means the EPA region V administrator.

(s) "Regulated VOCs" means a group of volatile organic chemicals for which state

drinking water standards have been promulgated but does not include total

trihalomethanes.

(t) "Removed from service" means physically disconnected from the waterworks

system in a manner that would prevent the inadvertent use of the well and would require

specific authorization from the public water supply to reconnect.

(u) "Repeat sample" means a sample that is collected and analyzed in response to a

previous coliform-positive sample.

(v) "Resident" means an individual who owns or occupies a living unit.

(w) "Routine sample" means a water sample that is collected and analyzed to meet the

monitoring requirements for total coliform, as outlined in the written sampling plan.

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R 325.10116 Addresses.

Rule 116. The following are addresses and contact information of the department and

other organizations referred to in these rules:

(a) Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, Drinking Water and

Environmental Health Division, 525 West Allegan Street, Post Office Box 30817,

Lansing, MI 48909-8311, Telephone 800-662-9278. Internet address:

http://www.michigan.gov/egle.

(b) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont

Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3095, Telephone 301-657-2652. Internet

address: http://www.ncrponline.org/.

(c) NSF International, P.O Box 130140, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan

48105, Telephone 734-769-8010 or 800-673-6275, email info@nsf.org, Internet address

http://www.nsf.org.

(d) Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office, P.O. Box

979050, St. Louis, MO 63197-9000, Telephone 202-512-1800. Internet address to

purchase documents online is http://bookstore.gpo.gov.

PART 3. VARIANCES, EXEMPTIONS, AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

R 325.10308b Best available technology.

Rule 308b. (1) The department identifies the following as the best technology,

treatment technique, or other means generally available for achieving compliance with

the MCL:

(a) For organic contaminants in R 325.10604b, R325.10604d, and R 325.10604g the

best available technologies, treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving

compliance with the MCLs are granular activated carbon (GAC), packed tower aeration

(PTA), or oxidation (OX), as listed in table 1 of this rule.

Table 1 Best available technologies for organic contaminants

Contaminant

Alachlor

Aldicarb

Aldicarb sulfone

Aldicarb sulfoxide

Atrazine

Benzene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Carbofuran

Carbon tetrachloride

Chlordane

Dalapon

GAC

PTA

OX

x

2,4 D

Di (2 ethylhexyl)adipate

Di (2 ethylhexyl)phthalate

x

4

Contaminant

GAC

PTA

OX

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

o Dichlorobenzene

para Dichlorobenzene

1,2 Dichloroethane

1,1 Dichloroethylene

cis 1,2 Dichloroethylene

trans 1,2 Dichloroethylene

Dichloromethane

1,2 Dichloropropane

Dinoseb

Diquat

Endothall

Endrin

Ethylbenzene

Ethylene Dibromide (EDB)

Glyphosate

x

Heptachlor

x

Heptachlor epoxide

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-

DA)

Lindane

Methoxychlor

Monochlorobenzene

Oxamyl (Vydate)

x

x¹

x

Pentachlorophenol

x

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Picloram

x¹

x

Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)

Simazine

x

Styrene

x

2,3,7,8 TCDD (Dioxin)

Tetrachloroethylene

Toluene

x

Toxaphene

x

2,4,5 TP (Silvex)

x

1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene

1,1,1 Trichloroethane

x

5

Contaminant

GAC

PTA

OX

1,1,2 Trichloroethane

Trichloroethylene

Vinyl chloride

Xylene

x

¹Best available technology is GAC or an equally efficient technology.

(b) For inorganic contaminants in R 325.10604c, the best available technologies,

treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the MCLs

are listed in table 2 of this rule. The affordable technology, treatment technique, or other

means available to supplies serving 10,000 or fewer people for achieving compliance

with the maximum contaminant level for arsenic are listed in table 3 of this rule.

Table 2 Best available technologies for inorganic contaminants

Chemical name

Antimony

Arsenic⁴

Asbestos

Barium

Beryllium

Cadmium

Chromium

Cyanide

Mercury

Nickel

Best available technologies

2,7

1,2, 5,6,7,9,11⁵

2,3,8

5,6,7,9

1,2,5,6,7

2,5,6,7

2,5,6²,7

5,7,10

2¹,4,6¹,7 ¹

5,6,7

Nitrate

5,7,9

Nitrite

Selenium

Thallium

5,7

1,2³,6,7,9

1,5

¹Best available technology only if influent Hg concentrations are 10 µg/l or less.

²Best available technology for chromium III only.

³Best available technology for selenium IV only.

⁴BATs for Arsenic V. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert Arsenic III to

Arsenic V.

⁵To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.

Key to best available technologies in table:

1 = activated alumina

2 = coagulation/filtration (not BAT for supplies with fewer than 500 service

connections)

3 = direct and diatomite filtration

4 = granular activated carbon

5 = ion exchange

6 = lime softening (not BAT for supplies than 500 service connections)

7 = reverse osmosis

6

8 = corrosion control

9 = electrodialysis

10 = alkaline chlorination (pH greater than or equal to 8.5)

11 = oxidation/filtration

Table 3 Small supplies compliance technologies (SSCTs) for arsenic¹

Small supply compliance technology

Affordable for listed small supply

categories.²

All size categories.

Activated alumina (centralized)

Activated alumina (point-of-use)³

Coagulation/filtration

Coagulation-assisted microfiltration

Electrodialysis reversal

All size categories.

501-3,300, 3,301-10,000.

All size categories.

Enhanced coagulation/filtration

Enhanced lime softening (pH more

All size categories.

than 10.5)

Ion exchange

All size categories.

Lime softening

501-3,300, 3,301-10,000.

All size categories.

501-3,300, 3,301-10,000.

All size categories.

Oxidation/filtration⁴

Reverse osmosis (centralized)

Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)³

¹SSCTs for Arsenic V. Pre-oxidation may be required to convert Arsenic III to

Arsenic V.

²Three categories of small supplies are: (i) those serving 25 or more, but fewer than

501, (ii) those serving more than 500, but fewer than 3,301, and (iii) those serving more

than 3,300, but fewer than 10,001.

³POU must not be used to obtain a variance.

⁴To obtain high removals, iron to arsenic ratio must be at least 20:1.

(c) For radionuclide contaminants in R 325.10603, the best available technologies,

treatment techniques, or other means available for achieving compliance with the MCLs

are listed in table 4 for all size supplies. The affordable technology, treatment technique,

or other means available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant level

are listed in table 5 for supplies serving 10,000 or fewer people as categorized in table 6.

Table 4 Best available technologies for radionuclide contaminants

Contaminant

Best available technologies.

Combined radium 226 and radium

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime

228

softening.

Uranium

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime

softening, coagulation/filtration.

Reverse osmosis.

Gross alpha particle activity

(excluding radon and uranium)

Beta particle and proton radioactivity

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis.

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Table 5 List of small supplies compliance technologies for radionuclides and

limitations to use

Unit Technologies

Limitations (see

footnotes)

Operator skill level Raw water quality

required *

range and

considerations.

All ground waters.

Surface waters

usually require pre-

filtration.

1. Ion exchange

2. Reverse osmosis

(RO)

(a)

(b)

Intermediate

Advanced

3. Lime softening

4. Green sand

(c)

(d)

Advanced

Basic

All waters.

filtration

5. Co-precipitation

and Barium sulfate

(e)

Intermediate to

Advanced

Ground waters with

suitable water

quality.

6. Electrodialysis/

electrodialysis

reversal

7. Pre-formed

hydrous Manganese

oxide filtration.

8. Activated

Not applicable

(f)

Basic to

intermediate

All ground waters.

Intermediate

Advanced

All ground waters.

(a), (g)

All ground waters;

competing anion

concentrations may

affect regeneration

frequency.

alumina

9. Enhanced

coagulation/

filtration

(h)

Advanced

Can treat a wide

range of water

qualities.

* An operator with a basic skill level has minimal experience in the water treatment

field and can perform the necessary system operation and monitoring if provided with

proper instruction. The operator is capable of reading and following explicit directions.

An operator with an intermediate skill level understands the principles of water treatment

and has a knowledge of the regulatory framework. The operator is capable of making

system changes in response to source water fluctuations. An operator with an advanced

skill level possesses a thorough understanding of the principles of system operation. The

operator is knowledgeable in water treatment and regulatory requirements. The operator

may, however, have advanced knowledge of only the particular treatment technology.

The operator seeks information, remains informed, and reliably interprets and responds to

water fluctuations and system intricacies.

Limitations Footnotes: Technologies for Radionuclides:

a. The regeneration solution contains high concentrations of the contaminant ions.

Disposal options must be carefully considered before choosing this technology.

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b. Reject water disposal options must be carefully considered before choosing this

technology.

c. The combination of variable source water quality and the complexity of the water

chemistry involved may make this technology too complex for small surface water

systems.

d. Removal efficiencies may vary depending on water quality.

e. This technology may be very limited in application to small systems. Since the

process requires static mixing, detention basins, and filtration, it is most applicable to

systems with sufficiently high sulfate levels that already have a suitable filtration

treatment train in place.

f. This technology is most applicable to small systems that already have filtration in

place.

g. Handling of chemicals required during regeneration and pH adjustment may be too

difficult for small systems without an adequately trained operator.

h. Assumes modification to a coagulation/filtration process already in place.

Table 6 Compliance technologies by supply size category for radionuclide

Requirements

Contaminant

Compliance technologies* for supply size categories

(population served)

25-500

501-3,300

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

3,301 – 10,000

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

1. Combined radium 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

226 and radium 228

2. Gross alpha

particle activity

3. Beta particle

activity and photon

activity

2

1, 2

4. Uranium

1, 8, 9

1, 2, 3, 8, 9

* Numbers correspond to those technologies listed in Table 5 of this rule.

(2) The department shall require community water supplies and nontransient,

noncommunity water supplies to employ a treatment method identified in subrule (1) of

this rule as a condition for granting a variance, except as provided in subrule (3) of this

rule. If, after the treatment method is installed in the system, the supply cannot meet the

MCL, then the supply is eligible for a variance under this part and section 20 of the act,

MCL 325.1020.

(3) If a supply demonstrates through comprehensive engineering assessments, which

may include pilot plant studies, that the treatment methods identified in subrule (1) of this

rule may only achieve a de minimis reduction in contaminants, then the department may

issue a schedule of compliance that requires the supply being granted the variance to

examine other treatment methods as a condition of obtaining the variance.

(4) If the department determines that a treatment method identified in subrule (3) of this

rule is technically feasible, then the department may require the supply to use that

treatment method in connection with a compliance schedule issued under section 20 of

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the act, MCL 325.1020. The department's determination must be based on studies by the

supply and other relevant information.

(5) The department may require a community or noncommunity supply to use point-of-

use devices, point-of-entry devices, or other means as a condition of granting a variance

or an exemption from the requirements of R 325.10603, R 325.10604b, R 325.10604c,

R 325.10604d, or R325.10604g to avoid an unreasonable risk to health. The department

may require a public water supply to use point-of-use devices or other means, but not

point-of-entry devices, as a condition for granting an exemption from corrosion control

treatment requirements for lead and copper in R 325.10604f(2) and (3) to avoid an

unreasonable risk to health. The department may require a public water supply to use

point-of-entry devices as a condition for granting an exemption from the source water

and lead service line replacement requirements for lead and copper under

R 325.10604f(4) and (5) to avoid an unreasonable risk to health, provided the supply

demonstrates that the device will not cause an increased corrosion of lead and copper

bearing materials located between the device and the tap that may increase contaminant

levels at the tap.

(6) Community or noncommunity water supplies that use point-of-use or point-of-entry

devices under this rule shall meet the conditions in R 325.10313.

R 325.10313 Criteria for water supplies using POE, or POU, or both.

Rule 313. (1) Community and noncommunity water supplies shall not use point-of-use

devices (POU) or point-of-entry devices (POE) except as required by the department

under R 325.10308b or under all of the following provisions with department approval:

(a) Community water supplies may use POE to comply with the maximum

contaminant level or treatment technique for organic, inorganic, and radiological

contaminants.

(b) Noncommunity water supplies may use POU, or POE, or both, to comply with

maximum contaminant levels or treatment techniques for organic and inorganic

contaminants.

(c) An alternative source of water that meets state drinking water standards is not

available.

(2) Supplies that use POU or POE, or both, shall meet all of the following requirements:

(a) The supply shall operate and maintain the POU, or POE, or both.

(b) Before POU, or POE, or both, are installed, the supply shall obtain department

approval of a monitoring plan that ensures that the devices provide health protection

equivalent to that provided by central water treatment. If the POU, or POE, or both, are

being used to comply with maximum contaminant levels or treatment techniques, then

"equivalent" means that the water must meet all state drinking water standards and must

be of acceptable quality similar to water distributed by a well-operated central treatment

plant. At a minimum, the monitoring plan must include all of the following:

(i) Contaminants and parameters to be analyzed.

(ii) Physical measurements and observations, such as total flow treated and

mechanical condition of the treatment equipment.

(iii) Location of sampling sites.

(iv) Frequency of sampling. Approximately 10% of the treatment units must be

sampled at regular intervals so that all the POE or POU are monitored at least as

frequently as required in part 7 for a particular contaminant. For example, for a

10

contaminant that is required to be sampled every 3 years, 10% of the POE or POU must

be monitored quarterly so that in 3 years time all of the POE or POU have been

monitored. The department may approve an alternate frequency that better represents the

rate of degradation of the POE or POU.

(c) Before POU, or POE, or both, are installed, the supply shall obtain department

approval of a technology plan that ensures that effective technology is applied and that

the microbiological safety of the water is maintained at all times. At a minimum, the

technology plan must include all of the following:

(i) The POU, or POE, or both, must be equipped with mechanical warnings to ensure

that customers are automatically notified of operational problems.

(ii) If a specific type of POU or POE has been independently certified to comply with

the maximum contaminant level or treatment technique in accordance with the American

National Standards Institute/National Sanitation Foundation standards 44, 53, 58, or 62,

as adopted by reference in R 325.10112, then individual units of that type must be used to

comply with the maximum contaminant level or treatment technique. A supply may use

an alternate type of POU or POE if the supply demonstrates to the department, using pilot

plant studies or other means, that the alternative POU or POE consistently complies with

the maximum contaminant level or treatment technique and the department approves the

use of the POU or POE.

(iii) The design and application of the POU, or POE, or both, must consider the

potential for increasing concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria in water treated with

activated carbon. Frequent backwashing, post-contactor disinfection, and heterotrophic

plate count monitoring may ensure that the microbiological safety of the water is not

compromised.

(d) The supply shall demonstrate that buildings connected to the system have sufficient

POU, or POE, or both, that are properly installed, maintained, and monitored such that all

customers are protected.

(e) If the POU, or POE, or both, are used to meet an MCL or treatment technique, then

the supply shall replace or repair the POU or POE when the contaminant for which the

device is intended to control is above the maximum contaminant level in a confirmed

sample.

(3) Compliance with the maximum contaminant level must be determined based on the

analytical results obtained at each POU or POE, also known as the "sampling point". The

compliance determination must be made under R 325.10604b(2) for volatile organic

contaminants, R 325.10604c(2) for inorganic contaminants, R 325.10604d(2) for

synthetic organic chemicals, or R 325.10604g(2) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

(4) Supplies that violate the MCL shall notify the department under part 7 of these rules

and shall notify the public under part 4 of these rules. The supply may limit the

distribution of the public notice to only persons served by the POU or POE that is out of

compliance.

PART 4. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AND PUBLIC EDUCATION

R 325.10401a General public notification requirements.

Rule 401a. (1) Each community water supply, nontransient noncommunity water

supply, or transient noncommunity water supply shall give notice for violations of the

11

maximum contaminant level (MCL), maximum residual disinfection level (MRDL),

treatment technique (TT), monitoring requirements, testing procedures in these rules, and

for other situations, as listed in the following provisions:

(a) Violations and other situations requiring public notice, including all of the

following:

(i) Failure to comply with an applicable maximum contaminant level (MCL) or

maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL).

(ii) Failure to comply with a prescribed treatment technique (TT).

(iii) Failure to perform water quality monitoring, as required by part 7 of these rules.

(iv) Failure to comply with testing procedures as prescribed by part 6 of these rules.

(b) Variances and exemptions under part 3 of these rules, including both of the

following:

(i) Operation under a variance or an exemption.

(ii) Failure to comply with the requirements of a schedule that has been set under a

variance or exemption.

(c) Special public notices, including all of the following:

(i) Occurrence of a waterborne disease outbreak or other waterborne emergency.

(ii) Exceedance of the nitrate MCL by noncommunity water supplies, where granted

permission by the department.

(iii) Fluoride level above 2.0 mg/l as specified in R 325.10408a.

(iv) Availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring data.

(v) Other violations and situations that are determined by the department to require a

public notice under this part and that are not already listed in table 1 of this rule. The tier

assignment for each specific violation or situation requiring a public notice is identified

in table 1 of this rule. Community and noncommunity water supplies are also considered

"water supplies" or "supplies" in this rule, R 325.10402 to R 325.10407, and

R 325.10408a to R 325.10409.

(2) Public notice requirements are divided into 3 tiers to take into account the

seriousness of the violation or situation and of the potential adverse health effects that

may be involved. The public notice requirements for each violation or situation listed in

subrule (1) of this rule are determined by the tier to which the violation or situation is

assigned. The definition of each tier is provided in the following provisions:

(a) Tier 1 public notice is required for violations and situations that have significant

potential to have serious adverse effects on human health as a result of short term

exposure.

(b) Tier 2 public notice is required for all other violations and situations that have

potential to have serious adverse effects on human health.

(c) Tier 3 public notice is required for all other violations and situations not included in

tier 1 and tier 2. The tier assignment for each specific violation or situation is identified in

table 1 of this rule.

(3) Supplies shall provide public notice to the following:

(a) Each supply shall provide public notice to persons served by the supply as specified

in this part. Supplies that sell or otherwise provide drinking water to other public water

supplies, such as to consecutive supplies, shall give public notice to the consecutive

supply. The consecutive supply shall provide public notice to the persons it serves.

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(b) If a public water supply has a violation in a portion of the distribution system that is

physically or hydraulically isolated from other parts of the distribution system, then the

department may grant permission, which must be in writing, to the supply to limit

distribution of the public notice to only persons served by that portion of the system that

is out of compliance. To be considered physically isolated, the supply shall show that the

affected portion of the distribution system is separated from other parts of the distribution

system with no interconnections. To be considered hydraulically isolated, the supply

shall show that the design of the distribution system or the system operation, or both,

created a situation where water in the affected portion is effectively isolated from the

water in all other parts of the distribution system because of projected water flow patterns

and water pressure zones.

(4) The supply, within 10 days of completing the public notification requirements under

this part for the initial public notice and applicable repeat notices, shall submit to the

department a certification that it fully complied with the public notification regulations.

The supply shall include with this certification a representative copy of each type of

notice distributed, published, posted, and made available to the persons served by the

supply and to the media.

Table 1 Violations and other situations requiring public notice

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

notice

Tier of

public

notice

Contaminant

Citation

required

I. Violations of MCL, MRDL, treatment technique, monitoring and reporting, and testing procedure

requirements:

A. Microbiological contaminants

R 325.10704 to

Total coliform until March

31, 2016

R 325.10602(1)(a) and

(b)

R 325.10707a

R 325.10702(2)

R 325.10707b(4)

2

3

Total coliform (TT

violations resulting from

failure to perform

assessments or corrective

actions, monitoring

violations, and reporting

violations) beginning April

1, 2016

R 325.10704j(3)

R 325.10704j(4)(a)

R 325.10704j(2)(a)

Seasonal supply failure to

follow department-

approved start-up plan

before serving water to the

public or failure to provide

certification to the

department beginning April

1, 2016

2

1

R 325.10704j(2)(b)

R 325.10602(1)(c)

3

R 325.10704j(4)(c)

Fecal coliform/E. coli until

March 31, 2016

R 325.10704(3)

R 325.10707b(4)

1, 3 ²

13

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

required

E. coli (MCL, monitoring,

and reporting violations)

beginning April 1, 2016

E. coli (TT violations

resulting from failure to

perform level 2 assessments

or corrective action)

R 325.10704j(3)(b)

R 325.10704j(4)(a)

R 325.10704j(4)(b)

1

2

R 325.10704j(1)

3

R 325.10704j(2)(a)

n/a

beginning April 1, 2016

Turbidity (for TT violations

resulting from a single

exceedance of maximum

allowable turbidity level)

Violations, other than

violations resulting from

single exceedance of max.

allowable turbidity level

(TT)

R 325.10605

R 325.10720(2)(a) and

(b)

2, 1 ³

R 325.10611b

3

R 325.10611,

R 325.10611a, and

R 325.10611b

R 325.10605

R 325.10720(2)(c) and

(d)

2

Violations of disinfection

profiling and benchmarking

Violations of filter

N/A

2

N/A

3

R 325.10722

R 325.11507

backwash recycling

R 325.10611c

provisions

40 CFR 141.701 to

141.705, as adopted by

reference in

R 325.10720b,

R 325.10720c and

R 325.10720d.

Failure to collect 3 or

more samples for

Cryptosporidium

analysis is a tier 2

violation requiring

special notice as

required in

Violations of enhanced

treatment for

cryptosporidium

R 325.10611e to

R 325.10611m

2

2, 3

R 325.10408d. All

other monitoring and

testing procedure

violations are tier 3.

Violations of rules for

ground water supplies

subject to R 325.10612

B. Inorganic chemicals (IOC)

R 325.10739(7)

R 325.10739a(5)

2

R 325.10612b

3

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

Antimony

R 325.10604c(1)

14

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

Arsenic

required

R 325.10710(4) and

2

R 325.10604c(1)

3

(5)

R 325.10605

Asbestos (fibers longer than

10 µm)

2

1

2

R 325.10604c(1)

3

R 325.10710(4), (6)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(3), (4),

(7), and (9)(b)

R 325.10710(3), (4),

(8), and (9)(b)

Barium

3

Beryllium

3

Cadmium

3

Chromium (total)

Cyanide (free)

Fluoride

3

Mercury (inorganic)

Nitrate (as nitrogen)

Nitrite (as nitrogen)

3

1, 3 ⁴

Total nitrate and nitrite

(as nitrogen)

3

R 325.10710(4)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

R 325.10710(4) and

(5)

Selenium

Thallium

C. Lead and copper (action level for lead is 0.015 mg/l through December 31, 2024 and 0.012 mg/l beginning

January 1, 2025; action level for copper is 1.3 mg/l)

R 325.10710a to

R 325.10710c and

R 325.10605

R 325.10604f(1) – (5)

R 325.10410(2) and (3)

Lead and copper rule (TT)

2

3

D. Synthetic organic chemicals (SOC)

2,4-D

2,4,5-TP (silvex)

Alachlor

Atrazine

Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)

Carbofuran

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

Chlordane

Dalapon

Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Dibromochloropropane

Dinoseb

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)

Diquat

15

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

required

Endothall

Endrin

Ethylene dibromide

Glyphosate

Heptachlor

Heptachlor epoxide

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexachlorocyclo-

pentadiene

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

Lindane

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

Methoxychlor

Oxamyl (vydate)

Pentachlorophenol

Picloram

Polychlorinated biphenyls

[PCBs]

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

Simazine

Toxaphene

2

R 325.10604d(1)

3

R 325.10717

E. Volatile organic chemicals (VOC)

Benzene

Carbon tetrachloride

Chlorobenzene

2

R 325.10604b(1)

3

R 325.10716

2

R 325.10604b(1)

3

R 325.10716

(monochloro-benzene)

O-dichlorobenzene

P-dichlorobenzene

1,2-dichloroethane

1,1-dichloroethylene

Cis-1,2-dichloroethylene

Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene

Dichloromethane

1,2-dichloropropane

Ethylbenzene

Styrene

Tetrachloro-ethylene

Toluene

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

1,1,1-trichloroethane

1,1,2-trichloroethane

Trichloroethylene

Vinyl chloride

2

R 325.10604b(1)

3

R 325.10716

Xylenes (total)

F. per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Hexafluoropropylene oxide

dimer acid (HFPO-DA)

Perfluorobutane sulfonic

acid (PFBS)

Perfluorohexane sulfonic

acid (PFHxS)

2

R 325.10604g(1)

3

R 325.10717d

2

16

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

required

Perfluorohexanoic acid

(PFHxA)

Perfluorononanoic acid

(PFNA)

Perfluorooctane sulfonic

acid (PFOS)

Perfluorooctanoic acid

(PFOA)

2

R 325.10604g(1)

3

R 325.10717d

G. Radioactive contaminants

R 325.10605

R 325.10725

R 325.10730

R 325.10605

R 325.10725

R 325.10726

R 325.10728

R 325.10729

R 325.10605

R 325.10725

R 325.10726

R 325.10728

R 325.10729

R 325.10605

R 325.10725

R 325.10726

R 325.10728

R 325.10729

Beta/photon emitters

2

R 325.10603(2)(c)

R 325.10603(2)(b)

3

Alpha emitters (gross

alpha)

Combined radium (226 &

228)

2

R 325.10603(2)(a)

R 325.10603(2)(d)

3

Uranium (pCi/L)

H. Disinfection byproducts (DBP), byproduct precursors, disinfectant residuals. Where disinfection is used in

the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form

chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBP). The department sets standards for controlling the levels of

disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA). See

R 325.10610 to R 325.10610d, and R 325.10719e to R 325.10719n for disinfection byproduct MCLs,

disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring requirements.

R 325.10610d,

R 325.10719e(1) and

(2)(a), and

Total trihalomethanes

(TTHM)

R 325.10610(2)

R 325.10610b(2)(a)

2

3

R 325.10719h to

R 325.10719n

R 325.10610d,

R 325.10719e(1) and

(2)(a), and

R 325.10719h to

R 325.10719n

R 325.10719e(1) and

(2)(c)

R 325.10719e(1) and

(3)

R 325.10719e(1) and

(3)

R 325.10610(2)

R 325.10610b(2)(a)

Haloacetic acids (HAA)

R 325.10610

R 325.10610b(2)(b)

R 325.10610a

R 325.10610b(3)(a)

R 325.10610a

Bromate

2

3

Chloramine (MRDL)

Chlorine (MRDL)

R 325.10610b(3)(a)

17

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

Chlorite

required

R 325.10610

R 325.10610b(2)(c)

R 325.10719e(1) and

(2)(b)

2

3

Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),

where any 2 consecutive

R 325.10610a

R 325.10610b(3)(b)(ii)

R 325.10719e(1),

(3)(b)(i) and (iii)

2

2 *, 3

daily samples at entrance to * Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system

distribution system only are the day after exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a

above MRDL

tier 2 violation.

R 325.10610a

R 325.10610b(3)(b)(i)

R 325.10719e(1),

(3)(b)(ii) and (iii)

1 *

1

Chlorine dioxide (MRDL),

where sample(s) in

distribution system the next

day are also above MRDL

* If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the

MRDL for chlorine dioxide and 1 or more samples taken in the distribution

system the next day exceed the MRDL, tier 1 notification is required. Failure to

take the required samples in the distribution system after the MRDL is exceeded

at the entry point also triggers tier 1 notification.

Control of DBP

R 325.10610b(4)

R 325.10610c

R 325.10719e(1) and

(4)

2

3

precursors—TOC (TT)

Bench marking and

disinfection profiling

Development of monitoring

plan

N/A

R 325.10722

R 325.10719e(5)

I. Other treatment techniques

Acrylamide (TT)

Epichlorohydrin (TT)

II. Other monitoring:

Unregulated contaminants

2

R 325.10604e

N/A

3

40 CFR 141.40 ⁵

R 325.10710(4), (5),

and (9)

Nickel

III. Public notification for variances and exemptions:

Operation under a variance

or exemption

3

R 325.10302

N/A

Violation of conditions of a

variance or exemption

2

R 325.10312

IV. Other situations requiring public notification:

Fluoride level above 2.0

mg/l

3

R 325.10408a(1)

N/A

Exceedance of nitrate MCL

for noncommunity supplies,

as allowed by the

department

1

R 325.10604c(3)

Availability of unregulated

contaminant monitoring

data

Waterborne disease

outbreak

3

1

R 325.10407

N/A

R 325.10734(4)

Source water sample

positive for fecal indicator:

E.coli, enterococci, or

coliphage

1

R 325.10739(6)

N/A

1 or 2 or 3 *

18

Monitoring, testing, & reporting

procedure violations

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

MCL/MRDL/TT violations ¹

Tier of

public

Citation

notice

Contaminant

required

Other waterborne

* Waterborne emergencies require a tier 1 public notice. The department may

place other situations in any tier it determines appropriate, based on threat to

public health.

emergencies and other

situations as determined by

the department

¹MCL - Maximum contaminant level, MRDL - maximum residual disinfectant level,

TT - treatment technique.

²Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coli is a tier 1 violation if testing is not done

after any repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring

and testing procedure violations are tier 3.

³Supplies with treatment technique violations involving a single exceedance of a

maximum turbidity limit under R 325.10611b(1) are required to initiate consultation with

the department within 24 hours after learning of the violation. Based on this consultation,

the department may subsequently decide to elevate the violation to tier 1. If a supply is

unable to make contact with the department in the 24-hour period, the violation is

automatically elevated to tier 1.

⁴Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an

initial sample exceeds the MCL is a tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for

nitrate are tier 3.

⁵40 CFR 141.40,which pertains to unregulated contaminant monitoring, is contained

in Title 40 CFR parts 136 to 149 and is available for purchase for $67.00 from the

superintendent of documents at the address in R 325.10116. The material is available for

inspection from the offices of the department at the address in R 325.10116(a) or

available on the internet at http://www.ecfr.gov/.

R 325.10405 Content of public notice.

Rule 405. (1) If a community or noncommunity water supply that is subject to

R 325.10401a has a violation or situation requiring public notification, then each public

notice must include all of the following elements:

(a) A description of the violation or situation, including the contaminant or

contaminants of concern, and, as applicable, the contaminant level or levels.

(b) When the violation or situation occurred.

(c) The potential adverse health effects from the violation or situation, including the

standard language under subrule (4)(a) or (b) of this rule, whichever is applicable.

(d) The population at risk, including subpopulations particularly vulnerable if exposed

to the contaminant in their drinking water.

(e) If alternative water supplies should be used.

19

(f) What actions consumers should take, including when they should seek medical

help, if known.

(g) What the supply is doing to correct the violation or situation.

(h) When the supply expects to return to compliance or resolve the situation.

(i) The name, business address, and phone number of the supply or designee of the

supply as a source of additional information concerning the notice.

(j) A statement to encourage the notice recipient to distribute the public notice to other

persons served, using the standard language under subrule (4)(c) of this rule, where

applicable.

(2) All of the following elements must be included in the public notice for public water

supplies operating under a variance or exemption:

(a) If a public water supply has been granted a variance or an exemption, then the

public notice must contain all of the following elements:

(i) An explanation of the reasons for the variance or exemption.

(ii) The date on which the variance or exemption was issued.

(iii) A brief status report on the steps the supply is taking to install treatment, find

alternative sources of water, or otherwise comply with the terms and schedules of the

variance or exemption.

(iv) A notice of opportunities for public input in the review of the variance or

exemption.

(b) If a public water supply violates the conditions of a variance or exemption, then the

public notice must contain the 10 elements listed in subrule (1) of this rule.

(3) The public notice must be presented in the following manner:

(a) Each public notice required by this part must meet all of the following criteria:

(i) Must be displayed in a conspicuous way when printed or posted.

(ii) Must not contain overly technical language or very small print.

(iii) Must not be formatted in a way that defeats the purpose of the notice.

(iv) Must not contain language that nullifies the purpose of the notice.

(b) In communities where more than 10% of the consumers are non-English speaking

consumers, the public notice must contain information in the appropriate language or

languages regarding the importance of the notice or contain a telephone number or

address where persons served may contact the supply to obtain a translated copy of the

notice or to request assistance in the appropriate language.

(4) The supply shall include the following standard language in the public notice:

(a) The supply shall include in each public notice the health effects language specified

in table 1 of this rule corresponding to each MCL, MRDL, and treatment technique

violation listed in table 1 of R 325.10401a, and for each violation of a condition of a

variance or exemption.

(b) The supply shall include the following language in the notice, including the

language necessary to fill in the blanks, for all monitoring and testing procedure

violations listed in table 1 of R 325.10401a: "We are required to monitor your drinking

water for specific contaminants on a regular basis. Results of regular monitoring are an

indicator of whether or not your drinking water meets health standards. During

[compliance period], we 'did not monitor or test' or 'did not complete all monitoring or

testing' for [contaminant or contaminants], and therefore cannot be sure of the quality of

your drinking water during that time."

20

(c) The supply shall include in the notice the following language, where applicable, to

encourage the distribution of the public notice to all persons served: "Please share this

information with all the other people who drink this water, especially those who may not

have received this notice directly (for example, people in apartments, nursing homes,

schools, and businesses). You can do this by posting this notice in a public place or

distributing copies by hand or mail."

21

Table 1 Regulated contaminants

Key

AL=Action level

MCL=Maximum contaminant level

MCLG=Maximum contaminant level goal

mfl=Million fibers per liter

MRDL=Maximum residual disinfectant level

MRDLG=Maximum residual disinfectant level goal

mrem/year=Millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)

N/A=Not applicable

NTU=Nephelometric turbidity units (a measure of water clarity)

pci/l=Picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)

ppm=Parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/l)

ppb=Parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (µg/l)

ppt=Parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter

ppq=Parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter

TT=Treatment technique

22

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Microbiological contaminants

MCL: For water supplies analyzing 40 or more

samples per month, not more than 5.0% of the

Total coliform bacteria monthly samples may be positive for total

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the

environment and are used as an indicator that other,

potentially harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms

were found in more samples than allowed and this was a

warning of potential problems.

Naturally present in the

environment

zero

N/A

until March 31, 2016

coliform. For supplies analyzing fewer than 40

samples per month, not more than 1 sample per

month may be positive for total coliform.

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the

environment and are used as an indicator that other,

Naturally present in the potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be

Total coliform bacteria

beginning April 1,

No conversion

necessary

2016. This row applies TT

to Consumer

TT

environment

present or that a potential pathway exists through which

contamination may enter the drinking water distribution

system.

Confidence Reporting.

Fecal coliforms and E. coli are bacteria whose presence

indicates that the water may be contaminated with

human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can

cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,

nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a

special health risk for infants, young children, some of

the elderly, and people with severely compromised

immune systems.

E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the

water may be contaminated with human or animal

wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause

short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea,

headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater

health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and

people with severely-compromised immune systems.

Fecal coliform and E.

coli until March 31,

2016

No conversion

necessary

Human and animal

fecal waste

zero

MCL: Routine and repeat samples are total

coliform-positive and either is E. coli-positive

E. coli beginning April or supply fails to take all required repeat

1, 2016

Human and animal

fecal waste

samples following E. coli-positive routine

sample or supply fails to analyze total coliform-

positive repeat sample for E. coli

23

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the

environment and are used as an indicator that other,

potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be

present or that a potential pathway exists through which

contamination may enter the drinking water distribution

system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look

for potential problems in water treatment or distribution.

When this occurs, we are required to conduct

assessments to identify problems and to correct any

problems that are found.

[THE SUPPLY MUST USE 1 OF THE FOLLOWING

APPLICABLE SENTENCES:]

We failed to conduct the required assessment.

We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that

were found during the assessment(s).

Coliform Assessment

or Corrective Action

Violations, or both,

beginning April 1,

2016. This row applies

to public notification.

For Consumer

Confidence Reporting,

see R 325.10413(12)(g)

(i).

No conversion

necessary

N/A

TT

N/A

E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the

water may be contaminated with human or animal

wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause

short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea,

headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater

health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and

people with severely compromised immune systems.

We violated the standard for E. coli, indicating the need

to look for potential problems in water treatment or

distribution. When this occurs, we are required to

conduct a detailed assessment to identify problems and

to correct any problems that are found.

E. coli Assessment or

Corrective Action

Violations, or both,

beginning April 1,

2106. This row applies

to public notification.

For Consumer

Confidence Reporting,

see R 325.10413(12)(g)

(ii).

No conversion

necessary

N/A

TT

N/A

[THE SUPPLY MUST USE 1 OF THE FOLLOWING

APPLICABLE SENTENCES:]

We failed to conduct the required assessment.

We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that

were found during the assessment that we conducted.

24

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

When this violation includes the failure to monitor for

total coliforms or E. coli prior to serving water to the

public, the mandatory language found at

R 325.10405(4)(b) must be used. When this violation

includes failure to complete other actions, the

appropriate public notice elements found in

Seasonal Supply

Treatment Technique

Violations of the Total

Coliform Rule

beginning April 1,

2016.

No conversion

necessary

N/A

TT

N/A

R 325.10405(1) must be used.

Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates

that the water may be contaminated with human or

animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause

short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps,

nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a

special health risk for infants, young children, some of

the elderly, and people with severely compromised

immune systems.

Fecal indicator under

groundwater

requirements in

R 325.10612 et. al:

- E.coli

E.coli:

zero

No conversion

necessary

Human and animal

fecal waste

TT

Others:

N/A

- enterococci or

- coliphage)

Inadequately treated or inadequately protected water

may contain disease-causing organisms. These

organisms can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea,

cramps, and associated headaches.

Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can

interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for

microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence

of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include

bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms

such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated

headaches.

Violations of rules for

ground water supplies TT

subject to R 325.10612

No conversion

necessary

TT

N/A

zero

N/A

Turbidity

TT

No conversion

necessary

TT

Soil runoff

(ntu)

Other microbiological contaminants

Giardia lamblia,

viruses,

No conversion

necessary

TT*

Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing

heterotrophic plate

count (HPC) bacteria,

legionella,

cryptosporidium

Inorganic contaminants

Naturally present in the organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses,

* The treatment technique violations that involve

turbidity exceedances may use health effects language for

turbidity instead.

environment

and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea,

cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

25

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Discharge from

petroleum refineries;

fire retardants;

ceramics; electronics;

solder

Some people who drink water containing antimony well

in excess of the MCL over many years could experience

increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood

sugar.

Antimony (ppb)

Arsenic (ppb)

0.006

0.010

1000

6

0

Erosion of natural

deposits; runoff from

orchards; runoff from

glass and electronics

production wastes

Decay of asbestos

cement water mains;

erosion of natural

deposits

Discharge of drilling

wastes; discharge from

metal refineries; erosion

of natural deposits

Discharge from metal

refineries and coal-

burning factories;

discharge from

electrical, aerospace,

and defense industries

Corrosion of galvanized

pipes; erosion of natural

deposits; discharge

from metal refineries;

runoff from waste

batteries and paints

Discharge from steel

Some people who drink water containing arsenic in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

skin damage or problems with their circulatory system,

and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1000

10

Some people who drink water containing asbestos in

excess of the MCL over many years may have an

increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.

Asbestos [fibers longer

than 10 µm] (mfl)

No conversion

necessary

7 mfl

2

7

2

7

2

Some people who drink water containing barium in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience an

increase in their blood pressure.

No conversion

necessary

Barium (ppm)

Some people who drink water containing beryllium well

in excess of the MCL over many years could develop

intestinal lesions.

Beryllium (ppb)

0.004

0.005

1000

4

Some people who drink water containing cadmium in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

kidney damage.

Cadmium (ppb)

1000

5

Some people who use water containing chromium well

Chromium [total] (ppb) 0.1

100

and pulp mills; erosion in excess of the MCL over many years could experience

of natural deposits allergic dermatitis.

26

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Discharge from

Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.

steel/metal factories;

discharge from plastic

and fertilizer factories

Cyanide [free] (ppb)

0.2

1000

200

4.0

Some people who drink water containing fluoride in

excess of the MCL over many years could get bone

disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones.

Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may

cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children

less than 9 years old. Mottling, also known as dental

fluorosis, may include brown staining or pitting of the

teeth, or both, and occurs only in developing teeth before

they erupt from the gums.

Erosion of natural

deposits; water additive

that promotes strong

teeth; discharge from

fertilizer and aluminum

factories

No conversion

necessary

Fluoride (ppm)

4.0

Erosion of natural

deposits; discharge

from refineries and

factories; runoff from

landfills; runoff from

cropland

Some people who drink water containing inorganic

mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience kidney damage.

Mercury [inorganic]

(ppb)

0.002

1000

2

Runoff from fertilizer

use; leaching from

septic tanks, sewage;

erosion of natural

deposits

Runoff from fertilizer

use; leaching from

septic tanks, sewage;

erosion of natural

deposits

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water

containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become

seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms

include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

Nitrate

[as nitrogen] (ppm)

No conversion

necessary

10

1

10

1

10

1

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water

containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become

seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms

include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

Nitrite

[as nitrogen] (ppm)

No conversion

necessary

Runoff from fertilizer

use; leaching from

septic tanks, sewage;

erosion of natural

deposits

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water

containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of the MCL could

become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die.

Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby

syndrome.

Total nitrate and nitrite

[as nitrogen] (ppm)

No conversion

necessary

10

27

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Discharge from

Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people

who drink water containing selenium in excess of the

MCL over many years could experience hair or

fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or

problems with their circulation.

petroleum and metal

refineries; erosion of

natural deposits;

discharge from mines

Leaching from ore-

processing sites;

discharge from

electronics, glass, and

drug factories

Selenium (ppb)

0.05

1000

50

Some people who drink water containing thallium in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their

kidneys, intestines, or liver.

Thallium (ppb)

Lead and copper

0.002

1000

2

0.5

AL=15

AL=0.015

through

December

31, 2024;

AL=12

beginning

January 1,

2025.

Lead services lines,

Infants and children who drink water containing lead

corrosion of household could experience delays in their physical or mental

December 31,

2024; AL=

0.012 beginning

January 1,

2025.

plumbing including

fittings and fixtures;

erosion of natural

deposits

development. Children could show slight deficits in

attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink

this water over many years could develop kidney

problems or high blood pressure.

Lead (ppb)

zero

(TT)

Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who

drink water containing copper in excess of the action

Corrosion of household level over a relatively short amount of time could

No conversion AL=1.3

necessary (TT)

plumbing systems;

erosion of natural

deposits

experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who

drink water containing copper in excess of the action

level over many years could suffer liver or kidney

damage. People with Wilson’s disease should consult

their personal doctor.

Copper (ppm)

AL=1.3

1.3

70

Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides

2,4-D (ppb) 0.07 1000 70

Some people who drink water containing the weed killer

Runoff from herbicide 2,4-d well in excess of the MCL over many years could

used on row crops

experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal

glands.

28

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing silvex in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

liver problems.

Residue of banned

herbicide

2,4,5-TP [silvex] (ppb) 0.05

1000

50

Some people who drink water containing alachlor in

excess of the MCL over many years could have

problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or

experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of

getting cancer.

Runoff from herbicide

used on row crops

Alachlor (ppb)

Atrazine (ppb)

0.002

1000

2

zero

Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in

Runoff from herbicide excess of the MCL over many years could experience

0.003

0.0002

0.04

1000

3

used on row crops

problems with their cardiovascular system or

reproductive difficulties.

Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene

in excess of the MCL over many years may experience

reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk

of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their blood or nervous or reproductive

systems.

Leaching from linings

of water storage tanks

and distribution lines

Benzo(a)pyrene

[PAHs] (ppt)

1,000,000

1000

200

40

zero

40

Leaching of soil

fumigant used on rice

and alfalfa

Carbofuran (ppb)

Some people who drink water containing chlordane in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their liver or nervous system, and may

have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

minor kidney changes.

Residue of banned

termiticide

Chlordane (ppb)

Dalapon (ppb)

0.002

0.2

1000

2

zero

200

Runoff from herbicide

used on rights of way

200

Some people who drink water containing di (2-

ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over

many years could experience toxic effects such as weight

loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive

difficulties.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)

adipate (ppb)

Discharge from

chemical factories

0.4

1000

400

29

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing di (2-

ethylhexyl) phthalate well in excess of the MCL over

many years may have problems with their liver, or

experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)

phthalate (ppb)

Discharge from rubber

and chemical factories

0.006

1000

6

zero

Runoff/leaching from

soil fumigant used on

soybeans, cotton,

pineapples, and

orchards

Some people who drink water containing DBCP in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk

of getting cancer.

Dibromochloropropane

[DBCP] (ppt)

0.0002

1,000,000

1000

200

7

Runoff from herbicide Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in

Dinoseb (ppb)

0.007

7

used on soybeans and

vegetables

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

reproductive difficulties.

Emissions from waste Some people who drink water containing dioxin in

incineration and other excess of the MCL over many years could experience

combustion; discharge reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk

from chemical factories of getting cancer.

Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD]

(ppq)

0.00000003

1,000,000,000 30

zero

Runoff from herbicide Some people who drink water containing diquat in

Diquat (ppb)

0.02

0.1

1000

20

use

excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.

Some people who drink water containing endothall in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their stomach or intestines.

Runoff from herbicide

use

Endothall (ppb)

100

Some people who drink water containing endrin in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

liver problems.

Some people who drink water containing ethylene

dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could

experience problems with their liver, stomach,

reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

Residue of banned

insecticide

Endrin (ppb)

0.002

0.00005

0.7

1000

2

Ethylene dibromide

(ppt)

Discharge from

petroleum refineries

1,000,000

1000

50

700

zero

700

Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.

Runoff from herbicide

use

Glyphosate (ppb)

30

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting

cancer.

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor

epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could

experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk

of getting cancer.

Residue of banned

pesticide

Heptachlor (ppt)

0.0004

0.0002

1,000,000

400

zero

Heptachlor epoxide

(ppt)

Breakdown of

heptachlor

1,000,000

1000

200

1

Some people who drink water containing

Discharge from metal

refineries and

agricultural chemical

factories

hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many

years could experience problems with their liver or

kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have

an increased risk of getting cancer.

Hexachlorobenzene

(ppb)

0.001

zero

Some people who drink water containing

Hexachlorocyclopentad

iene (ppb)

Discharge from

chemical factories

hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL

over many years could experience problems with their

kidneys or stomach.

0.05

1000

50

Runoff/leaching from

insecticide used on

cattle, lumber, gardens problems with their kidneys or liver.

Some people who drink water containing lindane in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

Lindane (ppt)

0.0002

0.04

1,000,000

1000

200

40

200

40

Runoff/leaching from

Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor

in excess of the MCL over many years could experience

reproductive difficulties.

insecticide used on

fruits, vegetables,

alfalfa, livestock

Runoff/leaching from

insecticide used on

apples, potatoes, and

tomatoes

Methoxychlor (ppb)

Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

slight nervous system effects.

Oxamyl [vydate] (ppb) 0.2

1000

200

1

200

Some people who drink water containing

pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many

years could experience problems with their liver or

kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting

cancer.

Pentachlorophenol

(ppb)

Discharge from wood

preserving factories

0.001

zero

31

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing picloram in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their liver.

Picloram (ppb)

0.5

1000

500

Herbicide runoff

Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess

of the MCL over many years could experience changes

in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune

deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system

difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting

cancer.

Polychlorinated

biphenyls

[PCBs] (ppt)

Runoff from landfills;

discharge of waste

chemicals

0.0005

1,000,000

500

zero

Some people who drink water containing simazine in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their blood.

Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in

excess of the MCL over many years could have

problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may

have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Simazine (ppb)

0.004

0.003

1000

4

3

4

Herbicide runoff

Runoff/leaching from

insecticide used on

cotton and cattle

Toxaphene (ppb)

zero

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Some people who drink water containing HFPO-DA in

excess of the MCL could experience problems with their

from industrial facilities liver. Some fetuses of pregnant women and infants born

Discharge and waste

Hexafluoropropylene

oxide dimer acid

(HFPO-DA) (ppt)

No conversion

necessary

370 ppt (ng/l)

420 ppt (ng/l)

370

420

N/A

utilizing the Gen X

chemical process

to mothers who drink water containing HFPO-DA in

excess of the MCL may experience developmental

effects.

Discharge and waste

from industrial

facilities; stain-resistant

treatments

Perfluorobutane

sulfonic acid (PFBS)

(ppt)

Some infants born to mothers who drink water

containing PFBS in excess of the MCL may experience

decreased thyroid hormone levels.

No conversion

necessary

Perfluorohexane

sulfonic acid (PFHxS) 51 ppt (ng/l)

(ppt)

Firefighting foam;

discharge and waste

from industrial facilities thyroid, liver, and cholesterol levels.

Firefighting foam;

discharge and waste

from industrial facilities liver and kidneys.

Some people who drink water containing PFHxS in

excess of the MCL could experience problems with their

No conversion

necessary

51

N/A

Some people who drink water containing PFHxA in

excess of the MCL could experience problems with their

Perfluorohexanoic acid 400,000 ppt

(PFHxA) (ppt)

No conversion

necessary

400,000

(ng/l)

32

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Discharge and waste

from industrial

facilities; breakdown of the MCL may experience developmental delays and

Some fetuses of pregnant women and infants born to

mothers who drink water containing PFNA in excess of

Perfluorononanoic acid

(PFNA) (ppt)

No conversion

necessary

6 ppt (ng/l)

16 ppt (ng/l)

8 ppt (ng/l)

6

N/A

precursor compounds

Firefighting foam;

discharge from

electroplating facilities;

discharge and waste

from industrial facilities

Discharge and waste

from industrial

decreased body weight gain.

Some fetuses of pregnant women and infants born to

mothers who drink water containing PFOS in excess of

the MCL may experience developmental delays and

decreased body weight gain.

Perfluorooctane

sulfonic acid (PFOS)

(ppt)

No conversion

necessary

16

8

Some fetuses of pregnant women and infants born to

mothers who drink water containing PFOA in excess of

Perfluorooctanoic acid

(PFOA) (ppt)

No conversion

necessary

facilities; stain-resistant the MCL may experience neurodevelopmental effects

treatments

and skeletal effects.

Volatile organic contaminants

Discharge from

Some people who drink water containing benzene in

factories; leaching from excess of the MCL over many years could experience

Benzene (ppb)

0.005

0.1

1000

5

zero

100

600

75

gas storage tanks and

landfills

anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

Discharge from

chemical plants and

other industrial

activities

Some people who drink water containing carbon

tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience problems with their liver and may have

an increased risk of getting cancer.

Carbon tetrachloride

(ppb)

5

Discharge from

chemical and

agricultural chemical

factories

Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene

in excess of the MCL over many years could experience

problems with their liver or kidneys.

Chlorobenzene (ppb)

100

600

75

Some people who drink water containing o-

dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many

years could experience problems with their liver,

kidneys, or circulatory systems.

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

O-dichlorobenzene

(ppb)

0.6

Some people who drink water containing p-

dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys,

or spleen, or changes in their blood.

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

P-dichlorobenzene

(ppb)

0.075

33

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-

dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years

may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1-

dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience problems with their liver.

Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-

dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience problems with their liver.

Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-

dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many

years could experience problems with their liver.

Some people who drink water containing

dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years

could have liver problems and may have an increased

risk of getting cancer.

1,2-dichloroethane

(ppb)

0.005

0.007

0.07

0.1

1000

5

zero

7

1,1-dichloroethylene

(ppb)

1000

7

Cis-1,2-

dichloroethylene (ppb)

70

100

70

Trans-1,2-

dichloroethylene (ppb)

100

Discharge from

pharmaceutical and

chemical factories

Dichloromethane (ppb) 0.005

1000

5

zero

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-

dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years

may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene

well in excess of the MCL over many years could

experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

1,2-dichloropropane

0.005

(ppb)

1000

5

zero

700

100

Discharge from

petroleum refineries

Ethylbenzene (ppb)

Styrene (ppb)

0.7

0.1

700

100

Discharge from rubber Some people who drink water containing styrene well in

and plastic factories; excess of the MCL over many years could have

leaching from landfills problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.

Some people who drink water containing

Discharge from

Tetrachloro-ethylene

(ppb)

tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many

factories and dry

0.005

1

1000

5

1

zero

1

years could have problems with their liver, and may have

cleaners

an increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing toluene well in

No conversion

necessary

Discharge from

Toluene (ppm)

excess of the MCL over many years could have

petroleum factories

problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.

34

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-

trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many

years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-

trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience problems with their liver, nervous

system, or circulatory system.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-

trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many

years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or

immune systems.

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

(ppb)

Discharge from textile-

finishing factories

0.07

1000

70

Discharge from metal

degreasing sites and

other factories

1,1,1-trichloroethane

(ppb)

0.2

1000

200

5

200

Discharge from

industrial chemical

factories

1,1,2-trichloroethane

(ppb)

0.005

3

Some people who drink water containing

Discharge from metal

degreasing sites and

other factories

trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years

could experience problems with their liver and may have

an increased risk of getting cancer.

Trichloroethylene (ppb) 0.005

1000

5

zero

10

Leaching from PVC

Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride (ppb)

0.002

2

piping; discharge from in excess of the MCL over many years may have an

plastics factories

Discharge from

petroleum factories;

discharge from

increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing xylenes in

excess of the MCL over many years could experience

damage to their nervous system.

No conversion

necessary

Xylenes [total] (ppm) 10

Radioactive contaminants

Beta/photon emitters

10

chemical factories

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of

radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some

people who drink water containing beta particle and

photon radioactivity in excess of the MCL over many

years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of

radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who

drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the

MCL over many years may have an increased risk of

getting cancer.

No conversion

necessary

Decay of natural and

man-made deposits

4 mrem/yr

4

zero

(mrem/yr)

Alpha emitters [gross

alpha] (pci/l)

No conversion

necessary

Erosion of natural

deposits

15 pCi/L

15

35

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or

228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

Some people who drink water containing uranium in

excess of the MCL over many years may have an

increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity.

Combined radium [226

& 228] (pci/l)

No conversion

necessary

Erosion of natural

deposits

5 pCi/L

30 ug/L

5

zero

No conversion

necessary

Erosion of natural

deposits

Uranium (pCi/L)

30

Disinfection byproducts (DBP), byproduct precursors, and disinfectant residuals: where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine

with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts (DBP). The department sets standards for controlling the levels of

disinfectants and DBP in drinking water, including trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA). See R 325.10610 to R 325.10610d and R 325.10719e to

R 325.10719n for disinfection byproduct MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring requirements.

By-product of drinking Some people who drink water containing

0.080*

1000

80*

N/A

water disinfection

trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years

may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or

central nervous system, and may have an increased risk

of getting cancer.

Total trihalomethanes

[TTHM] (ppb)

* The MCL for total trihalomethanes is the sum of the concentrations of the

individual trihalomethanes.

By-product of drinking

water disinfection

* The MCL for haloacetic acids is the sum of the concentrations of the individual

haloacetic acids.

0.060*

1000

60*

N/A

Some people who drink water containing haloacetic

acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have

an increased risk of getting cancer.

Haloacetic acids

(HAAs) (ppb)

Some people who drink water containing bromate in

excess of the MCL over many years may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

By-product of drinking

water disinfection

Bromate (ppb)

0.010

1000

10

zero

Some people who use water containing chloramines well

in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating

effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink

water containing chloramines well in excess of the

MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.

Some people who use water containing chlorine well in

excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects

to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water

containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could

experience stomach discomfort.

No conversion MRDL

necessary = 4

MRDLG Water additive used to

= 4 control microbes

Chloramines (ppm)

MRDL = 4

No conversion MRDL

necessary = 4

MRDLG Water additive used to

= 4 control microbes

Chlorine (ppm)

MRDL = 4

36

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some infants and young children who drink water

containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could

No conversion

necessary

By-product of drinking experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may

Chlorite (ppm)

1

0.8

water disinfection

occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water

containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people

may experience anemia.

Some infants and young children who drink water

containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL

MRDL

= 800

MRDLG Water additive used to could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects

MRDL = 0.8

1000

= 800

control microbes

may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink

water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the

MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.

Add the following only to public notification where any 2 consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system are above

the MRDL: "The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the result of exceedances at the treatment facility only, not within the

distribution system which delivers water to consumers. Continued compliance with chlorine dioxide levels within the distribution system

minimizes the potential risk of these violations to consumers."

Chlorine dioxide (ppb)

Add the following only to public notification where 1 or more distribution system samples are above the MRDL: "The chlorine dioxide

violations reported today include exceedances of the drinking water standard within the distribution system which delivers water to

consumers. Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the distribution system may harm human health based on short-term

exposures. Certain groups, including fetuses, infants, and young children, may be especially susceptible to nervous system effects from

excessive chlorine dioxide exposure."

Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects.

However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the

formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts

Naturally present in the include trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids

Total organic carbon

[TOC - control of DBP TT

precursors] (ppm)

No conversion

necessary

TT

None

environment

(HAA). Drinking water containing these byproducts in

excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects,

liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and

may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.

Other treatment techniques

37

Traditional

MCL in mg/l,

except where

noted

To convert for MCL

CCR, multiply in CCR

MCLG

in CCR

units

Contaminant

in CCR units

Major sources in

drinking water

Health effects language

by

units

Some people who drink water containing high levels of

acrylamide over a long period of time could have

problems with their nervous system or blood, and may

have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Added to water during

sewage/ wastewater

treatment

No conversion

necessary

Acrylamide

TT

zero

Discharge from

Some people who drink water containing high levels of

epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could

experience stomach problems, and may have an

increased risk of getting cancer.

industrial chemical

factories; an impurity of

some water treatment

chemicals

No conversion

necessary

Epichlorohydrin

TT

38

PART 6. STATE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

R 325.10604g MCLs for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Rule 604g. (1) The maximum contaminant levels and effective dates for per- and

polyfluoroalkyl substances in table 1 of this rule apply to community and nontransient

noncommunity water supplies.

Table 1 MCLs for per and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Maximum

Contaminant

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid

(HFPO-DA)

Level in ng/l

370

Effective Date

[effective date of this rule]

Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)

Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

420

51

400,000

6

16

8

[effective date of this rule]

(2) Compliance with the MCLs in table 1 of this rule must be determined based on the

analytical results obtained at each sampling point. If 1 sampling point is in violation of an

MCL, then the supply is in violation of the MCL. All of the following provisions apply:

(a) For supplies monitoring more than once per year, compliance with the MCL is

determined by a running annual average at each sampling point.

(b) Supplies monitoring annually whose sample result exceeds an MCL in table 1 of this

rule shall begin quarterly sampling. Compliance with the MCL must be based on the running

annual average. For the purpose of calculating the running annual average, the initial

exceedance must be the result for the first quarter. If the department requires a confirmation

sample under R 325.10717d(12), then the average of the initial exceedance and the

confirmation sample must be the result for the first quarter, unless the department determines

a sample should be excluded per R 325.10717d(12). The supply shall not be in violation of

the MCL until it has completed 1 year of quarterly sampling.

(c) If any sample result causes the running annual average to exceed the MCL at any

sampling point, then the supply is out of compliance with the MCL immediately.

(d) If a supply fails to collect the required number of samples, then compliance must be

based on the total number of samples collected.

(e) If a sample result is less than the reporting limit, then zero must be used to calculate the

annual average.

PART 7. SURVEILLANCE, INSPECTION, AND MONITORING

39

R 325.10717d Collection and analysis of samples for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Rule 717d. (1) Suppliers of community and nontransient noncommunity water supplies

shall collect samples and cause analyses to be made under this rule for per- and

polyfluoroalkyl substances to determine compliance with the state drinking water standards

in R 325.10604g. Each supplier shall monitor at the time designated by the department.

(2) For transient noncommunity and type III public water supplies, the department may

require samples to be collected and analyzed at prescribed frequencies for per- and

polyfluoroalkyl substances.

(3) A groundwater supplier shall take at least 1 sample at every entry point to the

distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment, also known as sampling

point. Each sample must be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions make another

sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant.

(4) A surface water supplier, or combined surface water and ground water, shall take at least

1 sample at points in the distribution system that are representative of each source or at each

entry point to the distribution system after treatment, also known as sampling point. Each

sample must be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling

point more representative of each source or treatment plant.

(5) If a system draws water from more than 1 source and the sources are combined before

distribution, then the supplier shall sample at an entry point to the distribution system during

periods of normal operating conditions when water that is representative of all sources is

being used.

(6) An existing supplier with one or more samples taken at each sampling point described in

subrules (3), (4), or (5) of this rule as part of the State of Michigan’s 2018/2019 Statewide

PFAS Survey shall conduct initial sampling as follows:

(a) A supplier with one or more sample results greater than 50% of the MCL for a

contaminant listed in rule 10604g shall collect samples from each sampling point beginning

the first full quarter following the effective date of this rule.

(b) A supplier with no detection or a detection less than or equal to 50% of the MCL for a

contaminant listed in rule 10604g shall collect at least 1 sample from each sampling point

within 6 months of the effective date of this rule.

(7) An existing supplier without sampling conducted under subrule (6) of this rule, shall

collect samples beginning the first full quarter following the effective date of this rule.

(8) A new community or nontransient noncommunity water supply shall collect samples

beginning the first full quarter following the initiation of operations.

(9) If the results of samples collected under subrules (6), (7), or (8) of this rule are below the

reporting limits specified in R 325.12708, the department may allow the water supply to

monitor annually.

(10) If a contaminant in R 325.10604g is detected above the reporting limit in any sample,

then all of the following provisions apply:

(a) Each supply shall monitor quarterly at each sampling point that resulted in a detection.

The department may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement specified in this subrule

if it has determined that the supply is reliably and consistently below the MCL. A

groundwater supplier shall take not fewer than 2 quarterly samples and a surface water

supplier shall take not fewer than 4 quarterly samples before this determination.

40

(b) After the department determines that the supply is reliably and consistently below the

MCL, the department may allow the supply to monitor annually.

(11) A supplier that violates R 325.10604g shall monitor quarterly. If not fewer than 4

quarterly samples show that the supply is in compliance and the department determines the

supply is reliably and consistently below the MCL, then the department may allow the supply

to monitor annually.

(12) The department may require confirmation sampling for positive or negative results. If

confirmation sampling is required, then the results must be averaged with the first sampling

result and the average must be used for the compliance determination. The department may

exclude results of obvious sampling errors from this calculation.

(13) The department may increase the required monitoring to detect variations within the

system.

(14) All new supplies or supplies that use a new source of water shall demonstrate

compliance with the MCLs before serving water to the public. The supply shall also comply

with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the department.

PART 27. LABORATORY CERTIFICATION

R 325.12701 Purpose.

Rule 2701. An analytical result that is used to determine compliance with a state drinking

water standard established in part 6 must be the result of an analysis performed by a

department or EPA certified laboratory, except that measurements for alkalinity, bromide,

calcium, daily chlorite samples at the entrance to the distribution system, conductivity,

magnesium, orthophosphate, pH, residual disinfectant concentration, silica, specific

ultraviolet absorbance, temperature, chloride, sulfate, and turbidity may be performed by

personnel acceptable to the department. This part sets forth requirements established by the

federal act for laboratory certification.

R 325.12708 Certification for PFAS analyses.

Rule 2708. To qualify for certification to conduct analyses for the PFASs in table 1 of R

325.10604g, a laboratory must be in compliance with the following provisions:

(a) Samples must be collected and analyzed in accordance with EPA method 537.1 or

other methods as approved by the department.

(b) The minimum reporting limit must be 2 ng/l.

(c) Analytical results must be reported to the nearest ng/l.

(d) The laboratory must analyze performance evaluation samples that include the PFASs in

table 1 of this rule and are acquired from a third party proficiency test provider approved by

the department at least once per year.

(e) For each regulated PFAS contaminant included in the performance evaluation sample,

the laboratory must achieve quantitative results on the analyses that are within the acceptance

limits listed in table 1 of this rule.

Table 1 Acceptance limits

41

Chemical Abstract

Services Registry

Number

Acceptance Limits

(percent)

Contaminant

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid

(HFPO-DA)

13252-13-6

± 30% (GV) ¹

Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)

Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

¹Gravimetric value

375-73-5

355-46-4

307-24-4

375-95-1

1763-23-1

335-67-1

± 30% (GV) ¹

± 30% (GV)¹

± 30% (GV) ¹

R 325.12710 Suspension or revocation of certification.

Rule 2710. (1) If the department determines that a laboratory certified under the act and

these rules is not operating in an approved manner, is reporting results that do not meet state

laboratory certification requirements, or is operating in a manner that may cause a hazard to

the public health, the department may move to suspend or revoke the certification of the

laboratory pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24.201

to 24.328.

(2) Reasons for suspension of a laboratory’s certification, in part or whole, or the denial of

an initial certification request include, but are not limited to the following:

(a) Failure to pay certification fees.

(b) Failure to pass a laboratory inspection.

(c) Failure to meet proficiency test requirements.

(d) Failure to respond to a laboratory inspection report within the allotted timeframe.

(e) Persistent failure to report compliance data to the public water system or the state

drinking water program in a timely manner, thereby preventing timely compliance

determination with federal or state regulations and endangering public health.

(f) Failure to correct deficiencies noted in an on-site inspection report.

(g) Refusal to participate in an on-site inspection conducted by the certifying agency.

(h) Failure to make records pertaining to the analysis of regulated drinking water

contaminants available for review or copying by the laboratory certification program.

(3) Suspension of a laboratory’s certification remains in effect until the laboratory provides

documentation that the reason or reasons for the suspension have been corrected.

(4) Reasons for revocation of a laboratory’s certification include but are not limited to:

(a) Falsification of the certification application or certification renewal application.

(b) Fraud or other criminal activity.

(c) Falsification of records or analytical results.

(d) Reporting results not meeting the federal act, the act and administrative rules

promulgated thereunder, or method requirements.

(e) Reporting proficiency test data from another laboratory as its own.

(f) Using analytical methodology not listed on the laboratory’s certification letter for

reporting regulated drinking water contaminants.

(g) A written notification from the laboratory that it is voluntarily relinquishing

certification.

42