Michigan Office of Administrative Hearings and Rules

Administrative Rules Division (ARD)

MOAHR-Rules@michigan.gov

REGULATORY IMPACT STATEMENT

and COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS (RIS)

Agency Information:

Department name:

Licensing and Regulatory Affairs

Bureau name:

Bureau of Professional Licensing

Name of person filling out RIS:

Jennifer Shaltry

Phone number of person filling out RIS:

517-241-3085

E-mail of person filling out RIS:

ShaltryJ1@michigan.gov

Rule Set Information:

ARD assigned rule set number:

2023-31 LR

Title of proposed rule set:

Board of Midwifery

Comparison of Rule(s) to Federal/State/Association Standard

1. Compare the proposed rules to parallel federal rules or standards set by a state or national licensing agency or

accreditation association, if any exist.

Each state establishes its own requirements with respect to licensed midwives, so there are no federal rules or

standards set by a state or national licensing agency or accreditation association that the proposed rules can exceed.

A. Are these rules required by state law or federal mandate?

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 2

The rules are not federally mandated. The following state laws require rules:

MCL 333.16148 requires training standards for identifying victims of human trafficking.

MCL 333.16204 states that if a board requires completion of continuing education as a condition for renewal, it shall

require an appropriate number of hours or courses in pain and symptom management.

MCL 333.16287 states that the department, in consultation with the board, shall promulgate rules to implement

sections 16284 and 16285; and Part 171 of the Public Health Code, MCL 333.17101 to MCL 333.17123, establishes

the formation of the Michigan Board of Midwifery and requires the board to enact rules.

MCL 333.17107 requires the board to promulgate rules requiring a midwife to report a patient’s data to the MANA

Statistical Registry maintained by the Midwives Alliance of North America, or a similar registry maintained by a

successor organization approve by the board, unless the patient refuses to consent to the reporting of the data.

MCL 333.17111 requires the department, in consultation with the board, to promulgate rules concerning the

administration prophylactic vitamin k to a newborn; antihemorrhagic agents to a postpartum mother after the birth of

a baby; local anesthetic for laceration repair to a mother; oxygen to a mother or newborn; prophylactic eye agent to a

newborn; prophylactic Rho(D) immunoglobin to a mother; agents for group B streptococcus prophylaxis,

recommended by the federal centers for disease control and prevention, to a mother; intravenous fluids, excluding

blood products, to a mother; any other drug or medication prescribed by a heath care provider with prescriptive

authority that is consistent with the scope of practice of midwifery and is authorized by the board by rule.

MCL 333.17112 requires the department to promulgate rules that include standards for the delineation of findings that

preclude a woman or a newborn from being classified as having a normal pregnancy, labor, delivery, postpartum

period, or newborn period. In promulgating the rules, the department shall consider any data, views, questions, and

arguments submitted by the Michigan boards of licensed midwifery, medicine, and osteopathic medicine and surgery.

MCL 333.17117 requires the department, in consultation with the board, to promulgate rules to establish and

implement the licensure program for the practice of midwifery; require the completion of continuing education for the

practice of midwifery as a condition for license renewal and allow proof of a current certified midwife professional

credential from the NARM or an equivalent credential from a credentialling program approved by the board to meet

the continuing education requirements; describe and regulate, limit, or prohibit the performance of acts, tasks, or

functions by midwives, including rules regarding the referral to and consultation with appropriate health professionals

in conformance with national standards for the practice of midwifery; establish the process by which informed

consent is obtained and ensure that the process conforms to national standards and requires at least that a midwife

must provide a copy of the rules at the inception of care for a client and discloses orally and in writing whether the

midwife has malpractice liability insurance and, if so, the policy limitations of the coverage; establish the duties a

midwife must perform if an emergency transfer to a hospital if necessary, in conformance with nationally recognized

guidelines on safe transfers, for the purposes of establishing protocols for transfer of care.

B. If these rules exceed a federal standard, please identify the federal standard or citation, describe why it is

necessary that the proposed rules exceed the federal standard or law, and specify the costs and benefits arising out

of the deviation.

The proposed rules do not exceed a federal standard.

2. Compare the proposed rules to standards in similarly situated states, based on geographic location, topography,

natural resources, commonalities, or economic similarities.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 3

Each state is responsible for implementing its own laws and rules pertaining to licensed midwives.

In Indiana, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin midwives are licensed as independent licensed midwives.

In order to be licensed as a midwife in Indiana, an applicant must submit: a Certified Professional Midwife (CPM)

credential from the NARM, proof of education, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) card, American Academy of

Pediatrics certificate showing completion of a program in neonatal resuscitation, affidavits documenting observation

and attendance at births, proof of passing an emergency skills training course, proof of liability insurance, a

collaborative practice agreement, and a criminal background check. A licensed midwife must work pursuant to a

collaborative agreement with a physician holding an unrestricted license to practice medicine in Indiana.

In Minnesota, an applicant must submit proof of having graduated from an approved education program or

apprenticeship, a certificate as a CPM by NARM, certification by the American Heart Association (AHA) or the

American Red Cross in CPR for adults and infants, a medical consultation plan, and the required practical experience.

In New York, an applicant must submit proof of education and have passed the American Midwifery Certification

Board (AMCB) examination. A midwife must have a collaborative relationship with a licensed physician who is board

certified as an obstetrician-gynecologist, or who practices obstetrics and has privileges at a hospital, or with a hospital

licensed under the state that provides obstetrics through a licensed physician.

Illinois passed legislation to allow a licensing process for a midwife, which requires a midwife certification from the

NARM, as well as a post-secondary midwifery education program. If a midwifery education program has not been

completed by an applicant, but the applicant holds a certification from the NARM, the applicant may be licensed

through an alternate path. The new process took effect in 2022.

In Wisconsin, an applicant is required to provide a certification from NARM or the American College of Nurse

Midwives, submit certification in CPR, obtain certification for use of an automated external defibrillator, and

background information.

In Ohio and Pennsylvania, there is no licensure process for licensed midwives.

The proposed amendments to the licensure rules include a clarification that proof of completion of human trafficking

training is required for an application for initial licensure. The other proposed amendments to the licensure rules do

not substantively change the requirements for licensure as a licensed midwife in Michigan.

A. If the rules exceed standards in those states, please explain why and specify the costs and benefits arising out of

the deviation.

The proposed rules do not exceed standards in other Great Lakes states that license midwives. Similar to Illinois,

Indiana, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin, the proposed rules provide a licensure process for licensed midwives,

and a renewal process with continuing education.

3. Identify any laws, rules, and other legal requirements that may duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the proposed

rules.

There are no other laws, rules, or other legal requirements that duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the proposed rules.

A. Explain how the rules have been coordinated, to the extent practicable, with other federal, state, and local laws

applicable to the same activity or subject matter. This section should include a discussion of the efforts undertaken

by the agency to avoid or minimize duplication.

There are no other laws, rules, or other legal requirements that duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the proposed rules.

Purpose and Objectives of the Rule(s)

4. Identify the behavior and frequency of behavior that the proposed rules are designed to alter.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 4

The proposed rules include changes to conform with stylistic drafting updates throughout the set, including defining

acronyms used throughout the set in R 338.17101 and R 338.17131. Additionally, content in R 338.17111, pertaining

to mandating the training to identify victims of human trafficking, will be removed as this requirement has sunset.

R 338.17131 Administration of prescription drugs or medications: The proposed rule change will allow the

administration of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) by intravenous piggyback or intravenous push, allow the administration of

ibuprofen, and update the dosage of vitamin K and epinephrine and the routes of administration and duration for

epinephrine. The proposed changes to the formulary are to align with what licensed midwives would normally use in

practice. Duplicate formulary information is proposed to be deleted to improve clarity.

R 338.17139 Telehealth: This new rule is added to the set to comply with MCL 333.16284 and MCL 333.16287. It

sets forth the requirements for telehealth services. The rule addition supplies conditions related to patient consent,

recordkeeping, compliance with scope of practice, and standard of care.

Lastly, the department will be transitioning this profession from a 2-year license cycle to a 3-year license cycle. The

content in Part 5 License Renewal and Continuing Education is modified to accommodate the lengthier cycle.

A. Estimate the change in the frequency of the targeted behavior expected from the proposed rules.

The majority of the edits in this set were made to align the rules with current drafting standards to provide clarity.

Licensed midwives are permitted by rule to administer some prescription drugs or medications. The proposed rule

changes will add TXA by intravenous piggyback or intravenous push to the formulary to allow this route of

administration for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage; add oral ibuprofen to reduce postpartum discomfort, update

the dosage for vitamin K for prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn; update the dosage for

epinephrine and permit its administration via the interosseous route for neonatal resuscitation.

The proposed edits to Part 4. Practice, Conduct, Classification of Conditions were made to add a rule regarding

telehealth to comply with MCL 333.16284 and MCL 333.16287. The rule sets forth the requirements for patient

consent, recordkeeping, compliance with scope of practice, and standard of care so that licensees understand these

parameters of providing care in this format.

Lastly, the proposed edits to Part 5. License Renewal and Continuing Education were made to accommodate a 3-year

license cycle and to clarify the number of continuing education hours that must be completed.

B. Describe the difference between current behavior/practice and desired behavior/practice.

The difference between the current behavior/practice and the desired behavior/ practice is that a licensed midwife will

be able to administer TXA by intravenous piggyback or intravenous push to assist with a postpartum hemorrhage, to

administer oral ibuprofen to reduce postpartum discomfort, and to administer epinephrine via the intraosseous route

for neonatal resuscitation. The dosage for vitamin K and the dosage and duration for epinephrine will also be

updated.

Additionally, the addition of the telehealth rule will enable the licensee to understand the parameters of providing

telehealth services.

Lastly, the continuing education section has been edited to incorporate the transition of the profession’s licensure

cycle from 2 years to 3 years.

C. What is the desired outcome?

Regulation is necessary for individuals who wish to practice as licensed midwives. By improving and clarifying the

rules, applicants and licensees should find compliance easier. This should result in fewer questions, fewer regulatory

problems, and greater safety and protection of the public.

5. Identify the harm resulting from the behavior that the proposed rules are designed to alter and the likelihood

that the harm will occur in the absence of the rule.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 5

The proposed rule set updates the previously adopted rules. Specifically, changes include the following:

R 338.17137 pertains to the administration of prescription drugs by a licensed midwife. The harm occurring is that the

existing rule does not authorize a licensed midwife to administer TXA by both intravenous piggyback and intravenous

push to treat postpartum hemorrhage, to use the interosseous route to administer epinephrine for neonatal

resuscitation, and to administer ibuprofen for postpartum discomfort. Further, the dosages for vitamin K and the

dosage and duration information for epinephrine need to be updated. Finally, there is redundant information in the

rule that could potentially cause confusion if not removed.

R 338.17129 pertains to telehealth. The harm occurring is the lack of information about the conditions related to

consent, scope of practice, and standard of care for supplying telehealth services. There is the possibility of harm to

the patient without information about the conditions related to consent, scope of practice, and standard of care for

supplying telehealth services.

R 338.17141 pertains to license renewals. The license renewal cycle will be changing from 2 years to 3 years under a

different rule set. Harm will likely occur if this rule is not updated to clarify the renewal requirements for the 3-year

cycle length, because the contradictory rule sets will be confusing to licensees and difficult for department staff to

enforce. Also, the current rule requires continuing education on cultural awareness that includes examination of

disparate maternal infant mortality and morbidity experienced by African American and Indigenous populations. The

proposed changes will expand the cultural awareness continuing education requirement to include the lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community and other vulnerable and marginalized populations in order to

reduce harmful disparate maternal infant mortality and morbidity to patients in those groups.

A. What is the rationale for changing the rules instead of leaving them as currently written?

The rationale for changing the rules is to ensure that the rule set complies with current drafting standards for ease of

understanding, allow the administration of TXA in a form that can treat a postpartum hemorrhage and oral ibuprofen

to reduce postpartum discomfort, update the dosages for vitamin K and epinephrine, update the routes of

administration and duration for epinephrine, include parameters for the provision of telehealth services, and provide

current continuing education requirements in light of the change to the license cycle.

6. Describe how the proposed rules protect the health, safety, and welfare of Michigan citizens while promoting a

regulatory environment in Michigan that is the least burdensome alternative for those required to comply.

The proposed rules will promote health, safety, and welfare of Michigan citizens by creating a rule set using current

drafting standards to allow clear understanding of the rule content; allow the administration of TXA in a form that can

treat a postpartum hemorrhage and oral ibuprofen to reduce postpartum discomfort; update the dosages for vitamin K

and epinephrine, update the routes of administration and duration for epinephrine; include parameters for the provision

of telehealth services; and provide current continuing education requirements in light of the change to the license

cycle.

7. Describe any rules in the affected rule set that are obsolete or unnecessary and can be rescinded.

There are no rules in this rule set that are obsolete or unnecessary and can be rescinded.

Fiscal Impact on the Agency

Fiscal impact is an increase or decrease in expenditures from the current level of expenditures, i.e. hiring additional staff,

higher contract costs, programming costs, changes in reimbursements rates, etc. over and above what is currently

expended for that function. It does not include more intangible costs for benefits, such as opportunity costs, the value of

time saved or lost, etc., unless those issues result in a measurable impact on expenditures.

8. Please provide the fiscal impact on the agency (an estimate of the cost of rule imposition or potential savings for

the agency promulgating the rule).

The proposed rules are not expected to have a fiscal impact on the agency.

9. Describe whether or not an agency appropriation has been made or a funding source provided for any

expenditures associated with the proposed rules.

No agency appropriation has been made nor has a funding source been provided for expenditures associated with the

proposed rules.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 6

10. Describe how the proposed rules are necessary and suitable to accomplish their purpose, in relationship to the

burden(s) the rules place on individuals. Burdens may include fiscal or administrative burdens, or duplicative

acts.

The proposed rule changes are necessary to update the set to current drafting standards to allow clear understanding

of the rule content, allow the administration of a TXA in a form that can treat a postpartum hemorrhage and oral

ibuprofen to treat postpartum discomfort; update the dosages for vitamin K and epinephrine; update the routes of

administration and duration for epinephrine; provide parameters for the provision of telehealth services; and update

the continuing education requirements in light of the change to the license cycle. These changes do not create any

additional burden, fiscal or administrative, on the licensees.

A. Despite the identified burden(s), identify how the requirements in the rules are still needed and reasonable

compared to the burdens.

The changes do not create any additional burden, fiscal or administrative, on the licensees.

Impact on Other State or Local Governmental Units

11. Estimate any increase or decrease in revenues to other state or local governmental units (i.e. cities, counties,

school districts) as a result of the rule. Estimate the cost increases or reductions for other state or local

governmental units (i.e. cities, counties, school districts) as a result of the rule. Include the cost of equipment,

supplies, labor, and increased administrative costs in both the initial imposition of the rule and any ongoing

monitoring.

There are no anticipated increases or decreases in revenues, or cost increases or reductions, to other state or local

government units as a result of the proposed rules.

12. Discuss any program, service, duty, or responsibility imposed upon any city, county, town, village, or school

district by the rules.

There are no anticipated or intended programs, services, duties, or responsibilities imposed on any city, county, town,

village, or school district as a result of the proposed rules.

A. Describe any actions that governmental units must take to be in compliance with the rules. This section should

include items such as record keeping and reporting requirements or changing operational practices.

There are no actions that governmental units must take to comply with the proposed rules.

13. Describe whether or not an appropriation to state or local governmental units has been made or a funding

source provided for any additional expenditures associated with the proposed rules.

No appropriations have been made to any governmental units as a result of these rules. No additional expenditures

are anticipated or intended with the proposed rules.

Rural Impact

14. In general, what impact will the rules have on rural areas?

The proposed rules are not expected to impact rural areas. The proposed rules apply to licensed midwives, regardless

of their location.

A. Describe the types of public or private interests in rural areas that will be affected by the rules.

The proposed rules are not expected to impact public or private interests in rural areas. The proposed rules apply to

licensed midwives, regardless of their location.

Environmental Impact

15. Do the proposed rules have any impact on the environment? If yes, please explain.

No, the rules will not have an impact on the environment.

Small Business Impact Statement

16. Describe whether and how the agency considered exempting small businesses from the proposed rules.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 7

The proposed rules impose requirements on individual licensees, rather than small businesses. Even if a licensee’s

practice qualifies as a small business, the department could not exempt the licensee's business, because it would

create a disparity in the regulation process.

17. If small businesses are not exempt, describe (a) the manner in which the agency reduced the economic impact

of the proposed rules on small businesses, including a detailed recitation of the efforts of the agency to comply

with the mandate to reduce the disproportionate impact of the rules upon small businesses as described below (in

accordance with MCL 24.240(1)(a-d)), or (b) the reasons such a reduction was not lawful or feasible.

The proposed rules cannot exempt small businesses because the rules do not directly regulate small businesses, they

regulate individual licensees.

While licensees may practice independently, or as part of a small business, the law does not allow the rules to exempt

these individuals from the requirements of the rules.

A. Identify and estimate the number of small businesses affected by the proposed rules and the probable effect on

small businesses.

As of October 2, 2024, there are approximately 90 licensed midwives in Michigan. Licensed midwives practice in

different work environments. No matter what type of business environment the licensee works in, the licensee will

have to take the necessary steps to comply with the proposed rules. The rules do not affect small businesses

differently. The anticipated effects on licensees are minimal because they clarify what is already required of

licensees and not of the business in which they may work.

B. Describe how the agency established differing compliance or reporting requirements or timetables for small

businesses under the rules after projecting the required reporting, record-keeping, and other administrative costs.

The agency did not establish separate compliance or reporting requirements for small businesses.

C. Describe how the agency consolidated or simplified the compliance and reporting requirements for small

businesses and identify the skills necessary to comply with the reporting requirements.

The agency did not consolidate or simply the compliance and reporting requirements for small businesses, nor did it

identify the skills necessary to comply with the reporting requirements, as the proposed rules impose requirements on

individual licensees rather than small businesses.

D. Describe how the agency established performance standards to replace design or operation standards required

by the proposed rules.

The agency did not establish performance standards to replace design or operation standards required by the

proposed rules.

18. Identify any disproportionate impact the proposed rules may have on small businesses because of their size or

geographic location.

The proposed rules affect individual licensees, rather than small businesses. Therefore, there is no disproportionate

effect on small businesses because of their size or geographic location.

19. Identify the nature of any report and the estimated cost of its preparation by small businesses required to

comply with the proposed rules.

A small business is not required to prepare any report under the proposed rules, so it is estimated that a small

business will incur no cost in preparing a report to comply with the proposed rules.

20. Analyze the costs of compliance for all small businesses affected by the proposed rules, including costs of

equipment, supplies, labor, and increased administrative costs.

There are no expected increased costs for small businesses concerning the costs of equipment, supplies, labor, or

administrative costs.

21. Identify the nature and estimated cost of any legal, consulting, or accounting services that small businesses

would incur in complying with the proposed rules.

There are no expected increased costs for small businesses concerning legal, consulting, or accounting services.

22. Estimate the ability of small businesses to absorb the costs without suffering economic harm and without

adversely affecting competition in the marketplace.

There are no expected costs to small businesses that will cause economic harm to a small business or the marketplace

as a result of the proposed rules.

23. Estimate the cost, if any, to the agency of administering or enforcing a rule that exempts or sets lesser

standards for compliance by small businesses.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 8

If a rule exempted or set lesser standards for compliance by a small business, there would be no cost to the agency

for administering or enforcing that rule because the rules do not apply to a business of any size. The rules apply to

individuals practicing in Michigan as licensed midwives.

24. Identify the impact on the public interest of exempting or setting lesser standards of compliance for small

businesses.

Licensure of licensed midwives is required by statute, so the department cannot make a rule that would permit the

practice of licensed midwifery by an unlicensed individual in a small business.

If the department could exempt or set lesser standards for small businesses employing a licensed midwife, it would

create a disparity in the regulation of the profession and would expose patients to harm, because an unlicensed person

would not be qualified to provide maternity care.

25. Describe whether and how the agency has involved small businesses in the development of the proposed rules.

The department worked with stakeholders at the Michigan Board of Licensed Midwifery Rules Committee Work

Group meeting, which included members of the Board of Licensed Midwifery, department staff, and members of the

public in the development of the proposed rules. The board is composed of members of the profession and members

of the public who may work in small businesses in Michigan. However, even if the Board members work in small

businesses, they were not involved in the development of the rules as representatives of small businesses.

A. If small businesses were involved in the development of the rules, please identify the business(es).

Representatives from businesses were involved in the development of the rules. However, the department is not

aware if they meet the definition of a “small business.”

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Rules (independent of statutory impact)

26. Estimate the actual statewide compliance costs of the rule amendments on businesses or groups.

There are no estimated compliance costs with these rule amendments on businesses or groups.

A. Identify the businesses or groups who will be directly affected by, bear the cost of, or directly benefit from the

proposed rules.

The department does not expect any businesses or groups to be directly affected by, bear the cost of, or directly

benefit from, the proposed rules.

B. What additional costs will be imposed on businesses and other groups as a result of these proposed rules (i.e.

new equipment, supplies, labor, accounting, or recordkeeping)? Please identify the types and number of businesses

and groups. Be sure to quantify how each entity will be affected.

The department does not expect the proposed rules to result in any additional costs, such as new equipment, supplies,

labor, accounting, or recordkeeping on businesses or other groups.

27. Estimate the actual statewide compliance costs of the proposed rules on individuals (regulated individuals or

the public). Include the costs of education, training, application fees, examination fees, license fees, new

equipment, supplies, labor, accounting, or recordkeeping.

The department does not expect the proposed rules to result in compliance costs, such as new educational costs,

training, application fees, examination fees, license fees, new equipment, supplies, labor, accounting, or

recordkeeping for the public. Licensed midwives are already required to provide informed consent to patients, so the

consent for telehealth form is not expected to impose additional costs.

A. How many and what category of individuals will be affected by the rules?

All licensed midwives will be affected by the rules. As of October 2, 2024, there are approximately 90 licensed

midwives in the state of Michigan.

B. What qualitative and quantitative impact do the proposed changes in rules have on these individuals?

The department does not expect a quantitative impact from the proposed rule changes. The qualitative impact would

be a rule set that is current with drafting standards, increased public safety and quality of care to a patient who needs

diagnostic ultrasound services, and availability of a commonly used form of a drug that is added to the formulary.

28. Quantify any cost reductions to businesses, individuals, groups of individuals, or governmental units as a result

of the proposed rules.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 9

It is expected that the cost of continuing education for licensees will be reduced by approximately one-third because

the proposed rule will require the same number of credits for a 3-year license cycle as the current rule requires for a 2

-year license cycle.

There are no cost reductions to businesses, individuals or governmental units as a result of the proposed rules.

29. Estimate the primary and direct benefits and any secondary or indirect benefits of the proposed rules. Please

provide both quantitative and qualitative information, as well as your assumptions.

The proposed rules will directly benefit the public by having a rule set that complies with current drafting standards

for ease of understanding, allowing licensed midwives to administer TXA by intravenous piggyback or intravenous

push for the treatment of patients experiencing postpartum hemorrhage and oral ibuprofen for postpartum discomfort,

updating the dosages for vitamin K and epinephrine, updating the routes of administration and duration for

epinephrine, providing parameters for the provision of telehealth services, and ensuring the continuing education

requirements comply with a 3-year license cycle.

30. Explain how the proposed rules will impact business growth and job creation (or elimination) in Michigan.

The rules are not expected to have an impact on business growth, job creation, or job elimination.

31. Identify any individuals or businesses who will be disproportionately affected by the rules as a result of their

industrial sector, segment of the public, business size, or geographic location.

There is not expected to be a disproportionate effect due to industrial sector, segment of the public, business size, or

geographic location.

32. Identify the sources the agency relied upon in compiling the regulatory impact statement, including the

methodology utilized in determining the existence and extent of the impact of the proposed rules and a cost-

benefit analysis of the proposed rules.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 10

North American Registry of Midwives:

https://narm.org/

http://narm.org/news/end-of-iem-route/

Canada:

https://cmrc-ccosf.ca/registration

State By State | Midwives Alliance of North America:

https://mana.org/

Illinois:

Midwifery becomes a licensed profession in Illinois- Chicago Sun-Times

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/12/14/22834687/midwifery-licensed-profession-illinois-midwives

https://ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/documents/022500640K10.htm

Indiana:

Midwifery Statutes and Rules

https://www.in.gov/pla/professions/indiana-certified-direct-entry-midwifery-committee/midwifery-statutes-and-

rules2/

Minnesota:

Minnesota Statutes: https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/147D

New York:

https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/midwifery/laws-rules-regulations

Ohio:

http://midwivesofohio.org/

Pennsylvania:

http://www.dos.pa.gov/ProfessionalLicensing/BoardsCommissions/Medicine/Pages/default.aspx#.VWy6nEJ9TGs

Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing

https://www.dos.pa.gov/ProfessionalLicensing/BoardsCommissions/Nursing/Pages/default.aspx

Wisconsin:

https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/sps/professional_services/180

A. How were estimates made, and what were your assumptions? Include internal and external sources, published

reports, information provided by associations or organizations, etc., that demonstrate a need for the proposed

rules.

No estimates or assumptions were made.

Alternative to Regulation

33. Identify any reasonable alternatives to the proposed rules that would achieve the same or similar goals.

Since the rules are required by statute, there is no other reasonable alternative to the proposed rules that would

achieve the same or similar goals.

A. Please include any statutory amendments that may be necessary to achieve such alternatives.

There is no other reasonable alternative to the proposed rules that would achieve the same or similar goal.

MCL 24.245(3)

RIS-Page 11

34. Discuss the feasibility of establishing a regulatory program similar to that proposed in the rules that would

operate through private market-based mechanisms. Please include a discussion of private market-based systems

utilized by other states.

Since the rules are authorized by statute, private market-based systems cannot serve as an alternative. Each state is

responsible for implementing its own laws and rules pertaining to licensing midwives. Private market-based systems

are not used for regulating licensees. The licensing and regulation of licensed midwives are state functions, so a

regulatory program independent of state intervention cannot be established. The midwifery profession has numerous

professional associations that could be considered regulatory mechanisms that are independent of state intervention;

however, these professional organizations would provide the public with significantly less protection because

membership in many of these organizations is voluntary. This means an individual who meets the membership

requirements, but does not join one of the professional organizations, would be able to practice and there would be

no way to ensure that individual’s competency or hold them accountable.

35. Discuss all significant alternatives the agency considered during rule development and why they were not

incorporated into the rules. This section should include ideas considered both during internal discussions and

discussions with stakeholders, affected parties, or advisory groups.

Since the rules are required by statute, there are no alternatives to the proposed rules that the agency could consider.

They are necessary for the administration of and enforcement of the licensing process.

Additional Information

36. As required by MCL 24.245b(1)(c), please describe any instructions regarding the method of complying with

the rules, if applicable.

The instructions regarding the method of complying with the rules are found within the rule set.

MCL 24.245(3)