MIOSHA-Standards  
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Comments - General Industry Safety Health Standard Part 74. Firefighting.  
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I’ve attached the document and have highlighted and added notes to the areas where I have a comment or question.  
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Lynnae  
Lynnae White  
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Grandville Fire Department  
3215 Wilson Ave.  
Grandville MI 49418  
616-530-6211 Ext. 1144  
1
DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING AND REGULATORY AFFAIRSLABOR AND  
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY  
DIRECTOR’S OFFICE  
GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD  
Filed with the secretary of state on  
These rules take effect immediately upon filing with the secretary of state unless  
adopted under section 33, 44, or 45a(9) of the administrative procedures act of 1969,  
1969 PA 306, MCL 24.233, 24.244, or 24.245a. Rules adopted under these sections  
become effective 7 days after filing with the secretary of state.  
(By authority conferred on the director of the Michigan department of licensing and  
regulatory affairslabor and economic opportunity by sections 14r, 16, and 21 of the  
Michigan occupational safety and health act, 1974 PA 154, MCL 408.1014r, 408.1016,  
and 408.1021, and Executive Reorganization Order Nos. 1996-2, 2003-1, 2008-4, and  
2011-4, and 2019-3, MCL 445.2001, 445.2011, 445.2025, and 445.2030, and 125.1998)  
R 408.17401, R 408.17402, R 408.17403, R 408.17404, R 408.17405, R 408.17411, R  
408.17415, R 408.17421, R 408.17422, R 408.17423, R 408.17424, R 408.17426, R  
408.17431, R 408.17432, R 408.17433, R 408.17436, R 408.17440, R 408.17443, R  
408.17451, R 408.17461, and R 408.17463 of the Michigan Administrative Code are  
amended, R 408.17430 and R 408.17464 are added, and R 408.17434, R 408.17435, and  
R 408.17437 are rescinded, as follows:  
PART 74. FIRE FIGHTINGFIREFIGHTING  
R 408.17401 Scope.  
Rule 7401. This part prescribes rules for training; for the construction, care, and use of  
equipment; and for the safeguards to be furnished and maintained as it relates to  
municipal fire service personnelfirefighters and equipment. The occupation can be full-  
time or part-time; for pay or volunteer status.  
R 408.17402 Applicability.  
Rule 7402. A person who is functioning as a municipal fire fighterfirefighter and who  
is exposed to the hazards of an emergency operation shall comply with this part.  
R 408.17403. Definitions; A to M.  
Rule 7403. (1) “Approved label” means a label or other identifying mark of a nationally  
recognized testing laboratory, such as underwriters laboratory, inc.Underwriters  
Laboratory, Inc., or factory mutual research corporationFactory Mutual Research  
Corporation, that maintains a periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or  
January 5, 2022  
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materials and by whose labeling compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests  
to determine suitable usage in a specified manner is indicated.  
(2) “Aerial apparatus” means a fire department vehicle which that is equipped with a  
power operated extension ladder or elevating platform used for rescue, ventilation,  
elevated master streams, and gaining access to upper levels and whichthat carries ground  
ladders, tools, and other equipment.  
(3) “Control” means the limitation of worker exposure to exhaust emissions to levels not  
exceeding applicable MIOSHA exposure limits.  
(4) “Controlled process” means an arrangement of equipment to control exhaust  
emissions by means of any of the following:  
(a) A point of source capture of exhaust emissions by a mechanical tailpipe exhaust  
ventilation system.  
(b) A general mechanical exhaust ventilation system in a fire apparatus building bay  
or bays.  
(c) A device that is permanently installed directly on the fire apparatus exhaust  
system.  
(5) “Emergency operations” means a fire or nonfire incident, including, but not limited  
to, rescues, extrications, hazardous material release, and natural disasters, where fire  
department response can be anticipated and which subject fire personnelsubjects  
firefighters to personal injury or hazards. Vegetative cover fires are not included in this  
definition.  
(6) “Exhaust emissions” means exhaust by-products of combustion, from internal  
combustion engines, capable of causing occupational illness or disease to a person.  
(7) “Fire apparatus” means mobile fire fightingfirefighting equipment such  
asincluding, but not limited to, a pumper/engine, aerial apparatus, a tanker/tender, or any  
other similar equipment that has fire suppression or rescue as its primary use. A vehicle  
not designed, equipped, or utilized for emergency operations is not fire apparatus.  
(8) “Firefighter” means a member of an organized fire department who is  
responsible for, or is in a capacity that includes responsibility for, the  
extinguishment of fires, the directing of the extinguishment of fires, the directing or  
management of emergency response activities, fire safety prevention inspection,  
plans examination, fire investigation, hazardous materials response, technical rescue  
response, airport rescue response, airport rescue firefighting, fire service  
instruction, and the enforcement of the general fire laws of this state and the  
community where he or she serves.  
(8)(9) “Fire station” means a structure in which fire service equipment is housed and  
employees may be quartered.  
(9) “Fire service personnel” means all employees who are engaged in fire suppression,  
fire inspection, or fire investigation or who are subjected to the hazards of emergency  
operations.  
(10) “Foam containing PFAS” means firefighting foam containing intentionally  
added perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance.  
(10) “Head protection” means a fire fighter’s helmet and hood.  
(11) “Ladder pipe” means a large capacity water delivery device attached to an aerial  
ladder.  
(12) “Municipal” means any public entity.  
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R 408.17404. Definitions; O to V.  
Rule 7404. (1) “Operator’s control station” means a work station where the operator of  
an apparatus, such as an aerial ladder or pumper, is stationed.  
(2) “Personal alert safety systems” or (“PASS)” means a device that is certified as  
being in compliance complying with these rules, that senses movement or lack of  
movement, and that automatically activates an audible alarm signal, (which can also be  
manually activated to alert and to assist others in locating a fire fighterfirefighter or  
emergency services person who is in danger).  
(3) “PFAS” means a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance.  
(3)(4) “Platform control station” means a work station where the rider of an elevating  
platform is stationed.  
(4) “Positive-pressure breathing apparatus” means a self-contained breathing apparatus  
in which the pressure in the breathing zone is positive in relation to the immediate  
environment during inhalation and exhalation.  
(5) “Physician or other licensed health care professional” or “PLHCP” means an  
individual whose legally permitted scope of practice based on their license,  
registration, or certification, allows him or her to independently provide, or be  
delegated the responsibility to provide, some or all of the health care services.  
(5)(6) “Primary control station” means a work station where the operator of apparatus  
that has an aerial ladder or platform is stationed.  
(6)(7) “Protective ensemble” means multiple elements of clothing and equipment  
designed to provide a degree of protection for fire service personnelfirefighters from  
adverse exposures to the inherent risks of structural fire fightingfirefighting operations  
and other emergency operations.  
(8) “Qualified” means a person who, by possession of a recognized degree,  
certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and  
experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems  
relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.  
(7) “Roof ladder” means a ladder equipped with folding hooks. The hooks provide a  
means of anchoring the ladder to the roof ridge or other roof part.  
(8) “Stay poles” also called tormenters, mean poles attached to the rails of the long  
extension ladders to aid in the raising and supporting of the ladder.  
(9)(9) “Structural fire fightingfirefighting” means activities of rescue, fire suppression,  
and property conservation in buildings, enclosed structures, aircraft, vehicles, vessels, or  
like properties that are involved in a fire or emergency situation.  
(10)(10) “Training” means the process of making fire service personnelfirefighters  
proficient through instruction or hands-on practice, or both, in the operation and care of  
equipment that is expected to be used and in the performance of assigned duties.  
(11) “Volunteer” means a person who is permitted to work as, and who is trained as, a  
member of an organized fire department.  
R 408.17405 Adopted and referenced standards.  
Rule 7405. (1) The following National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards  
are adopted by reference in these rules and are available from the National Fire Protection  
Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, Massachusetts,  
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02269-910102169-7471, or via the internet at the following website: www.nfpa.org, at a  
cost as of the time of adoption of these amendments, as stated in these rules.:  
(a) NFPA 1901: “Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus,” 2009 edition. Cost:  
$50.50 $96.60.  
(b) NFPA 1983: “Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System ComponentsStandard on  
Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services,” 19952001 edition. Cost:  
$27.00 $68.50.  
(c) NFPA 1971: “Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire FightingStandard on  
Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting,”  
2007 edition. Cost: $48.50 $79.50.  
(d) NFPA 1971: “Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting  
and Proximity Fire Fighting,” 2013 edition. Cost: $74.00.  
(e) NFPA 1981: “Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus  
(SCBA) for Emergency Services,” 1997 edition. Cost: $68.50.  
(d)(f) NFPA 1981: “Open Circuit Self-contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire  
FighterStandard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for  
Emergency Services,” 19972007 edition. Cost: $43.00 $63.50.  
(g) NFPA 1982: “Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS),” 1998  
edition. Cost: $68.50.  
(e)(h) NFPA 1982: “Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS) for Fire  
Fighters,” 19982007 edition. Cost: $39.00 $68.50.  
(i) NFPA 1403: “Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions,” 2018 edition. Cost:  
$57.00.  
(j) NFPA 1931: “Standard for Manufacturer’s Design of Fire Department  
Ground Ladders,” 1994 edition. Cost: $31.00.  
(k) NFPA 1932: “Standard on Use, Maintenance, and Service Testing of In-  
Service Fire Department Ground Ladders,” 2015 edition. Cost: $49.50.  
(2) The standards adopted in these rules are available for inspection at the Department  
of Licensing and Regulatory AffairsLabor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA  
Regulatory ServicesStandards and FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box  
30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-8143.  
(3) Copies of the standards adopted in these rules may be obtained from the publisher  
or may be obtained from the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory  
AffairsLabor and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA Regulatory ServicesStandards  
and FOIA Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan,  
48909-8143, at the cost charged in these rules plus $20.00 for shipping and handling.  
(4) The following Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA)  
standards are referenced in these rules. Up to 5 copies of these standards may be obtained  
at no charge from the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory AffairsLabor  
and Economic Opportunity, MIOSHA Regulatory ServicesStandards and FOIA  
Section, 530 West Allegan Street, P.O. Box 30643, Lansing, Michigan, 48909-8143 or  
via the internet at the following website: www.michigan.gov/mioshastandards. For  
quantities greater than 5, the cost, as of the time of adoption of these rules, is 4 cents per  
page.  
(a) General Industry Safety and Health Standard Part 2. “Walking-Working Surfaces,”  
R 408.10201 to R 408.10241.  
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(b) General Industry Safety and Health Standard Part 33. “Personal Protective  
Equipment,” R 408.13301 to R 408.13398.  
(c) General Industry Safety Standard Part 72. “Automotive Service Operations,” R  
408.17201 to R 408.17253.  
(d) General Industry Safety and Health Standard Part 380 “Occupational Noise  
Exposure in General Industry,” R 325.60101 to R 325.60128.  
(e) Occupational Health Standard Part 451. “Respiratory Protection,” R 325.60051 to  
R 325.60052.  
(f) Occupational Health Standard Part 472. “Medical Services and First Aid,” R  
325.47201.  
R 408.17411. Duties of employer.  
Rule 7411. (1) An employer shall comply with all of the following requirements:  
(a) Provide initial and continuing training to an employee commensurate with and  
specific to the duties and functions that the employee is expected to perform. The training  
shall be provided before the employee is permitted to perform emergency operations.  
(b)(a) Assure Ensure that prospective fire service personnelfirefighters receive a pre-  
employment physical conducted by a PLHCP to ensure they are physically fit and  
have the ability to perform assigned emergency operations.  
(c)(b) Assure Ensure that job-required equipment and tools are maintained free of  
recognized defects that could cause an injury.  
(d)(c) Develop a basicwritten procedure that covers the treatment and transport of  
injured employees from the emergency scene to a medical facility.  
(e) Provide in the workplace first aid supplies/kits appropriate for the hazard history,  
to minimally comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health Standard Part 472  
“Medical Services and First Aid,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
(f)(d) Comply with the requirements of this part, review with, and make available a  
copy of this part for employees.  
(2) An employer shall prepare and maintain a statement or written policy which that  
establishes its basic organizational structure. and which establishes the type, amount,  
frequency of training to be provided to fire service personnel and maintain training  
records. The organizational statementstructure and training records shallmust be  
available for inspection by the director of the department of licensing and regulatory  
affairslabor and economic opportunity or his or her authorized representative and by an  
employee or his or her authorized representative.  
R 408.17415. Fire station safety.  
Rule 7415. (1) The area within 3 feet of the slide pole on all sides shallmust be  
maintained free of any obstruction. A floor-to-ceiling wall shall not be construed to be an  
obstruction.  
(2) A cushioned mat, not less than 3 feet in diameter, shallmust be located around the  
base of the slide pole at all times.  
(3) A dormitory and any means of egress from the dormitory, apparatus bay, and  
aisleways shallmust be equipped with an emergency lighting system which shallthat  
must be automatically activated in case of power failure. The system may be operated by  
battery or generator.  
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(4) Switches and electrical equipment located in the shower or other areas subject to  
hazards created by moisture shallmust be approved for the location or removed to a  
nonhazardous area.  
(5) All sleeping quarters shallmust be equipped with an operational smoke detection  
device and an operational carbon monoxide detection device.  
(6) Effective January 1, 2025, Allall new construction or significantly remodeled  
facilities (50% or more area) that house a fire apparatus shallmust install a controlled  
process exhaust ventilation system that will effectively control exhaust emissions created  
by the fire apparatus. and will assure that employee exposures to the exhaust emissions  
do not exceed applicable MIOSHA exposure limits. If a general mechanical exhaust  
ventilation system is utilized, then a mechanical air supply system shallmust be provided  
if its absence will result in building negative pressures sufficient to cause back drafting of  
vents from fuel-fired equipment.  
(7) All equipment used for the control of exhaust emissions from fire apparatus  
shallmust be used, inspected, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s  
recommendations.  
CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF EQUIPMENT  
R 408.17421. Fire apparatus generally.  
Rule 7421. (1) Fire A fire apparatus shallmust be able to stop within 30 feet after  
application of the brakes at 20 miles per hour.  
(2) Fire A fire apparatus shallmust be equipped with all of the following items:  
(a) Windshield wipers.  
(b) Head, tail, stop, and backup lights and a backup alarm.  
(c) Horn and siren.  
(d) Slip-resistant steps, tailboard, and work platforms.  
(e) Seat belts for all seated employees. Seat belts shall be used while the apparatus is in  
motion.  
(f) If an employee is allowed by the employer to ride the apparatus in an unseated  
position while the apparatus is in motion, then the employer shall provide for, and  
enforce the use of, a safety harness.  
(3) Any employee riding on or in a fire apparatus shall be safely secured by a seat  
belt or safety harness any time the fire apparatus is in motion. No employee may  
stand or ride on the tail steps, sidesteps, running boards, or other exposed part of a  
fire apparatus while the fire apparatus is in motion, except for hose loading  
operations as provided in this subrule. Hose loading operations may be performed  
on a moving fire apparatus only when all of the following conditions are met:  
(a) Hose loading operations must be specified in a written procedure that includes  
the conditions set forth in this subdivision. All employees involved in the hose  
loading operation must be trained in these procedures.  
(b) There must be an employee, other than those employees loading the hose,  
assigned as a safety observer. The safety observer shall have an unobstructed view  
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of the hose loading operation and be in visual and voice contact with the fire  
apparatus driver.  
(c) All vehicular traffic must be excluded from the area or be under the direction  
of a qualified traffic control iividuals.  
(d) The fire apparatus must be driven at a speed of 5 mph or less.  
(e) No employee may stand on the tail step, sidesteps, running boards, or any  
other location on the fire apparatus while the fire apparatus is in motion unless  
otherwise allowed by the manufacturer’s specifications.  
(f) Employees using a travel restraint system or appropriate fall protection may  
be in the hose bed, but no employee may stand while the fire apparatus is in motion.  
(g) Before each hose loading operation, the situation must be evaluated to ensure  
compliance with the written procedure. If the written procedure cannot be followed,  
or if there is any question as to the safety of the operation for the specific situation,  
the hose may not be loaded on a moving fire apparatus.  
(3)(4) NewAny fire apparatus that is manufactured and purchased after April 17, 2013,  
the effective date of these rules shallmust comply with meet or exceed the requirements  
of the NFPA 1901: standard for “Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus,” 2009  
edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
(4)(5) Except on instructions of a designated signalperson, an operator of the fire  
apparatus shall not move the equipmentfire apparatus when his or her vision is  
obstructed.  
(5)(6) A minimum distance of 10 feet from unprotected energized equipment or high-  
voltage transmission lines, as distinguished from low voltage secondary lines and series  
streetlight construction, shallmust be maintained when using fire apparatus. The training  
of fire service personnelfirefighters shallmust include development of the ability to  
recognize and identify primary, high-voltage transmission lines and series street lighting  
construction.  
R 408.17422. Fire apparatus tires and rims.  
Rule 7422. (1) A thorough visual inspection of the tread and sidewall areas of fire  
apparatus tires for cuts, cracks, splits, or bruises, including a tread depth measurement,  
shallmust be made at least annually. A record of this inspection shallmust be maintained  
for a minimum of 10 years.  
(2) A tire shallmust be replaced if 1 of the following occurs:  
(a) The average tread depth is worn to 5/32 of an inch or less.  
(b) The tread depth at any 1 location is 2/32 of an inch, or less.  
(c) A cut or crack exposes the cord fabric.  
(3) A replacement tire shallmust meet or exceed the standards of the original tire  
furnished with the apparatus.  
(4) Fire apparatus tires and rims shallmust be inspected inside at least once every 10  
years.  
(5) All breakdown of fire apparatus tires shall comply with General Industry Safety  
Standard Part 72 “Automotive Service Operations,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17423. Fire apparatus with elevating platforms.  
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Rule 7423. (1) When an aerial apparatus platform is elevated, parking brakes shallmust  
be set and stabilizing jacks or outriggers and safety locks shallmust be used. When  
needed, ground plates shallmust be used under the jack or outriggers.  
(2) An instructional information plate, which is clearly visible to the operator, shallmust  
be located at the operator’s control station. If the aerial is equipped with a platform, then  
a plate shallmust also be located at the platform control station. The plate shallmust  
contain all of the following information:  
(a) Rated capacity of the aerial tip or platform.  
(b) Operating controls identified for motion.  
(c) Cautions or restrictions of operation.  
(3) An operator shall comply with all of the following provisions:  
(a) Remain at the primary control station when the aerial ladder or platform is  
occupied.  
(b) Not move the apparatus unless the ladder or platform is in the bed of the apparatus.  
(c) Maintain clearances as required in R 408.17421(5)(6).  
R 408.17424. Aerial apparatus.  
Rule 7424. (1) An aerial apparatus that is equipped with a ladder shallmust not have  
the ladder extended or retracted when an employee is positioned on the ladder unless  
otherwise allowed by the manufacturer’s specifications.  
(2) While working fromin a fixed position from an aerial apparatus ladder, an  
employee shall be secured with a safetyladder belt system as referenced inthat meets or  
exceeds the requirements of NFPA 1983: standard on “Fire Service Life Safety Rope  
and System ComponentsStandard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for  
Emergency Services,” 19952001 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
(3) The tip of the aerial ladder shallmust not be forcefully extended against a solid  
object or used to support the ladder.  
(4) The steps and rungs of an aerial apparatus shallmust have a slip-resistant surface.  
(5) Jacks, outriggers, and safety locks shallmust be used as required in R 408.17423(1).  
(6) The rated capacity for an aerial apparatus shallmust not be exceeded.  
(7) The operator of an aerial ladder shall comply with all of the following provisions:  
(a) Remain at the primary control station when the ladder is occupied.  
(b) Communicate to the occupant of the ladder prior to before movement.  
(c) Not move the apparatus unless the ladder is in the bed.  
(8)The operator of an aerial ladder shall maintain clearances as required in R  
408.17421(5)(6).  
(9) The controls for the operation of an aerial apparatus shallmust be of a type that  
returns to a neutral position when released.  
(10) Tools or equipment shall not be mounted or installed on the turntable must be  
installed or approved by the manufacturer.  
(11) A 2-way voice communication system shallmust be provided between the  
employee on the raised portion of the equipment and the operator control station.  
(12) Detachable ladder pipes shallmust be operated in the direction the ladder is facing.  
(13) Ladder pipes shallmust be secured to the ladder so that the pipe cannot be  
accidentally dislodged while in operation.  
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(14) An employer shall follow the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations for  
the use, testing, and maintenance of aerial apparatus.  
R 408.17426 Portable ladders.  
Rule 7426. (1) Except as otherwise required by these rules, a portable ladder must be  
constructed, used, and maintained in compliance with General Industry Safety and Health  
Standard Part 2. “Walking-Working Surfaces,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
(1) Effective January 1, 2025, portable ground ladders used in structural  
firefighting or training for these operations must meet or exceed the requirements of  
both of the following:  
(a) NFPA 1931: “Standard for Manufacturer’s Design of Fire Department  
Ground Ladders,” 1994 edition.  
(b) NFPA 1932: “Standard on Use, Maintenance, and Service Testing of In-  
service Fire Department Ground Ladders,” 2015 edition.  
(2) The rung spacing must be not less than 12 inches nor more than 16 inches.  
(3) The rungs of a metal ladder must have a slip-resistant surface.  
(4) A roof ladder assembly shall be capable of supporting a direct load of not less than  
500 pounds.  
(5) Stay poles or tormenters must be furnished on any wood ladder that extends more  
than 36 feet. The spikes on stay poles must not project beyond the end of the ladder when  
nested. The locking pins on stay poles must be securely attached to the ladders.  
(6)(2) Portable ladders that are mounted more than 4 feet in height and less than 7 feet  
in height on a fire apparatus, and that have ends that extend beyond the ladder’s mounting  
surface or compartment must be protected from contact.  
R 408.17430 Proper use, handling, storage, and containment of firefighting foam  
concentrate.  
Rule 7430. (1) An employer must follow the specific, manufacturer provided safety  
data sheets (SDSs) for all firefighting foam concentrate that employees may be  
exposed to and follow best practices regarding the proper use, handling, and storage  
iormation.  
(2) An employer must prevent intentionally added PFAS containing foam  
concentrate or foam solution from entering ground water, surface water, or storm  
drains, as soon as possible. Manual containment strategies used for spills involving a  
hazardous liquid should be employed. These include blocking storm drains to  
prevent the contaminated foam/water solution from entering the wastewater system  
or the environment. Defensive tactics such as damming, diking, and diverting  
should be employed to get the foam/water solution to an area suitable for  
containment until it can be removed in accordance with local, state, and federal  
regulations. Immediately after the end of a fire or other incident at which an  
organized fire department uses firefighting foam containing intentionally added  
PFAS, the fire chief shall report the incident to the Michigan pollution emergency  
alert system.  
(3) An employer must dispose of materials contaminated by foam containing PFAS  
pursuant to the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451,  
MCL 324.101 to 324.90106.  
10  
(4) An employer must ensure the decontamination of a firefighter’s body and  
equipment as follows:  
(a) Post fire response contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE) must be  
decontaminated as soon as practical. A mild detergent, with a pH of not less than 6  
and not greater than 10.5, must be used. The use of chlorine bleach, chlorinated  
solvents, or solvents is not permitted. Follow manufacturer’s recommended cleaning  
procedures.  
(b) A firefighter’s exposed skin, including the neck, face, and hands, must be  
decontaminated, post fire response and whenever exposed to firefighting foam.  
Employees must wash exposed skin with a mild soap and rinse thoroughly with  
water.  
(5) An employer must prohibit the use of firefighting foam concentrate containing  
intentionally added PFAS, by a firefighter, for training purposes.  
(6) An employer must prohibit the use of firefighting foam concentrate containing  
intentionally added PFAS, by a firefighter, for equipment calibration purposes,  
unless required by law or facility where the calibration takes place has implemented  
appropriate measures.  
PROTECTIVE EUIPMENT  
R 408.17431. Personal protective equipment.  
Rule 7431. (1) An employer shall assureensure that all emergency service personnel  
use personal protective equipment appropriate for the exposurehazards involved when  
performing emergency operations.  
(2) Personal protective equipment shallmust be provided by the employer at no cost to  
the employee and shall comply with the requirements of this part.  
(3) An employer shall assureensure that personal protective equipment protects the  
head, body, and extremities and consists of at least all of the following components:  
(a) Foot and leg protection.  
(b) Hand protection.  
(c) Body protection.  
(d) Face, eye, and head protection.  
(4) Personal protective equipment that is required by these rules to comply with the  
requirements of a nationally recognized standard shallmust either bear an approved label  
of, or be certified in writing by, the manufacturer as being in compliance with the  
applicable standard.  
(5) Head protection and eye protection shall be provided for, and used by, persons who  
ride in cabs or tiller seats that are not enclosed.  
(6)(5) Personal protective equipment that is used by more than 1 employee shallmust be  
inspected and cleaned or sanitized before reassignmentafter each use.  
(7) Personal protective equipment shall be inspected by the user after each use.  
(8)(6) An employer shall implement procedures for the inspecting and servicing of  
psonal protective equipment according to manufacturer’s recommendations,  
particularly following fires or other emergency usage. The procedures employed for such  
11  
servicing, such as product washing or other cleaning, shall comply with the  
manufacturer’s recommendations.  
(9)(7) An employer shall implement a procedure for determining whether personal  
protective equipment shallmust be repaired or replaced. All repairs shallmust be made in  
compliance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.  
(10) Respiratory equipment devices shall be inspected by the user after each use.  
Malfunctioning or damaged components or units shall be repaired by the manufacturer or  
a person who is certified by the manufacturer or shall be replaced.  
R 408.17432.  
Protective clothingensemble for emergency operationsstructural  
firefighting.  
Rule 7432. An employer shall provide both protective coats and protective trousers, or  
a protective coveralla protective ensemble, to all employees who engage in or are  
exposed to fire hazards of emergency operationsstructural firefighting. The protective  
coat, trouser, and coverallensemble shallmust meet the applicableor exceed the  
requirements of NFPA 1971: standard on “Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire  
FightingStandard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and  
Proximity Fire Fighting,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405. Effective January  
1, 2025, the protective ensemble must meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA  
1971: “Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and  
Proximity Fire Fighting,” 2013 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17433. Head, eEye, and face protection for emergency operations.  
Rule 7433. (1) An employer shall do all of the following:  
(a) Provide primary head, face, and eye protection appropriate for a given specific  
hazard to all employees exposed, or potentially exposed, to the specific hazard. An  
employer shall assess potential emergency operation scenes to determine what hazards  
requiring head, face, and eye protection are present, or likely to be present, and match the  
protective device to the particular hazard. An employer shall have and implement written  
operational procedures specific to the type of hazard to which an employee may be  
exposed.  
(b) Maintain head, face, and eye protection in a location of readiness for immediate  
response to structural fires or other emergency operations.  
(c) Ensure that protective eye and face devices that comply with General Industry  
Safety Standard Part 33 “Personal Protective Equipment,” as referenced in R 408.17405,  
are used by emergency service personnel when performing operations where the hazards  
of flying or falling materials that might cause eye and face injuries are present.  
(2) ile conducting emergency operations, if there is a potential exposure to eye  
and face hazards, the requirement of face and eye protection shallmust be met by 1 of  
the following:  
(a) hHelmet face shield, if equipped, and primary eye protection,.  
(b) or bBreathing apparatus face piece,.  
(c) or pPrimary eye protection and secondary means of face protection. An employer  
shall provide helmets to all employees who engage in or are exposed to the hazards of  
structural fire fighting. The helmets shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1971  
12  
“Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire Fighting,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R  
408.17405.  
(3) An employer shall provide protective hoods to all employees who engage in or are  
exposed to fire hazards of emergency operations. The protective hoods shall meet the  
applicable requirements of NFPA 1971 “Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire  
Fighting,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17434. Foot and leg protection.Rescinded.  
Rule 7434. An employer shall provide foot and leg protection to all employees who  
engage in or are exposed to the hazards of emergency operations. The foot and leg  
protection shall meet the applicable requirements of NFPA 1971 “Protective Ensemble  
for Structural Fire Fighting,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17435. Hand protection.Rescinded.  
Rule 7435. An employer shall provide hand protection to all employees who engage in  
or are exposed to the hazards of emergency operations. The hand protection shall meet  
the applicable requirements of NFPA 1971 “Protective Ensemble for Structural Fire  
Fighting,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17436. Respirator protection devices.  
Rule 7436. (1) An employer shall have a written respiratory protection program to  
address the safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres that may be encountered in  
emergency operations, that complies with Occupational Health Standard Part 451  
“Respiratory Protection,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
(2) An employer shall assure that self-contained breathing apparatus for use by fire  
service personnel is of the positive pressure type. All Any self-contained breathing  
apparatus currently in use must meet or exceed the requirements of that is purchased  
after the effective date of these rules shall comply with NFPA 1981: “Open Circuit Self-  
Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire FightersStandard on Open-Circuit Self-  
Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services,” 1997 edition, as  
adopted in R 408.17405. Effective January 1, 2025, any self-contained breathing  
apparatus currently in use must meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA 1981:  
“Standard on Open Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for  
Emergency Services,” 2007 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
(3) Subrule (2) of this rule does not prohibit the use of a self-contained breathing  
apparatus where the apparatus can be switched from a demand mode to a positive  
pressure mode when an employee is performing emergency operations.  
R 408.17437. Hearing protection.Rescinded.  
Rule 7437. An employer shall comply with Occupational Health Standard Part 380  
“Occupational Noise Exposure,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
R 408.17440 Personal alert safety system (PASS).  
Rule 7440. An employer shall provide and enforce the use of a Personal Alert Safety  
System (PASS) device to each employee utilizing a self-contained breathing apparatus  
while engaged in structural fire fightingfirefighting operations. "PASS" devices shall  
13  
meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA 1982: "Standard on Personal Alert Safety  
Systems (PASS) for Fire Fighters," 1998 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405. Effective  
January 1, 2025, PASS devices must meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA  
1982: "Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS)," 2007 edition, as  
adopted in R 408.17405.  
TOOLS  
R 408.17443 Air-moving equipment.  
Rule 7443. Air-moving equipment exposed to hazardous levels of flammable gases,  
flammable vapors, or explosive fumes, combustible dust, or vapors shallmust be  
powered by an approved as intrinsically safe explosion proof motor and labeled as  
such.  
OPERATIONS  
R 408.17451. Management of emergency operations.  
Rule 7451. (1) Each fire department shall establish and implement written procedures  
for emergency operations. The written procedures shallmust include all of the following:  
(a) A requirement that a nationally recognized incident management system providing  
structure and coordination to the management of emergency operations be is  
implemented at each emergency.  
(b) A requirement that a personnel accountability system be is implemented at each  
emergency.  
(c) A statement that the procedures apply to all employees who are operating at the  
emergency.A written assessment of the types of emergency operations the fire  
department is expected to perform, for example, fire suppression, trench rescue,  
and rope rescue, and the employees authorized to perform the identified operations.  
(d) A requirement for initial training and annual refresher training in emergency  
operations and the incident management system.  
(e) A requirement that the procedures shall comply with the “two in/two out” rules as  
found in R 1910.134(g)(4), as adopted in Occupational Health Standard Part 451  
“Respiratory Protection,” as referenced in R 408.17405.  
(2) A trainedqualified employee shall function as the incident commander at each  
emergency.  
INSPECTIONS  
R 408.17461. Inspection of fire apparatus and equipment; record of repair or  
replacement; lifeline guns and explosive devices; apparatus and equipment involved in  
14  
accident; equipment testing.  
Rule 7461. (1) All of the following items of the fire apparatus, if so equipped,  
shallmust be inspected for proper operation and for defects at least once a month:  
(a) Windshield washers and wipers.  
(b) Defroster and heater.  
(c) Head, tail, stop, backup, and flasher lights.  
(d) Backup alarm.  
(e) Horn and siren.  
(f) Slip-resistant steps and platforms.  
(g) Tires, rims, and suspension system.  
(h) Steering mechanism.  
(i) Braking system.  
(j) Operational controls.  
(2) Inspection records shallmust be maintained for a minimum period of 24 months for  
the apparatus.  
(2)(3) Records of repair or replacement shallmust be maintained for the life of the  
apparatus.  
(3)(4) Lifeline guns and explosive devices shallmust be cleaned and made ready for  
operation after each use.  
(4)(5) All portable equipment carried on a fire apparatus shallmust be inspected for  
operation and for defects at least monthly and within 24 hours after any use. Inspection  
records shallmust be maintained for a minimum period of 24 months for portable  
equipment.  
(5)(6) All equipment carried on fire apparatus or designated for training shallmust be  
tested at least annually in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and applicable  
standards.  
(6)(7) Fire fightingFirefighting apparatus and equipment found to be defective or in  
unserviceable condition shallmust be removed from service or repaired or replaced.  
R 408.17463. General utility ropes, life safety ropes, harnesses, and hardwareauxiliary  
equipment.  
Rule 7463. (1) Life safety rope, harnesses, and auxiliary equipment dedicated for  
the purpose of supporting people during emergency operations or training for these  
operationsAll life safety ropes, harnesses, and hardware used by employees shallmust  
be used and meet or exceed the requirements of NFPA 1983: “Fire Service Life Safety  
Rope and System ComponentsStandard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for  
Emergency Services,” 19952001 edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
(2) General utility ropes must comply wh following conditions: During fall arrest or  
repelling operations, an employee shall ensure that life safety harnesses are used as  
specified in NFPA 1983 “Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System Components,” 1995  
edition, as adopted in R 408.17405.  
(a) A rope must be inspected after each use for all of the following:  
(i) Externally for abrasions, cut or broken fibers, decay, burns, lack of strength,  
softness, variation in size or roundness of the strands, and for mildew or mold.  
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(ii) Natural fiber ropes must be inspected internally annually, by separating the  
strands at 3-foot intervals, for broken fibers, presence of grit, mildew or mold, color  
change of the fibers, or powdering and short, loose fibers.  
(b) A rope that has any of the conditions described in subdivision (a) of this  
subrule must be replaced or repaired.  
(c) Ropes must be stored in a dry location.  
(3) Natural fiber ropes shall be inspected visually after each use for all the following  
conditions:  
(a) Externally for abrasions, cut or broken fibers, decay, burns, lack of strength,  
softness, variation in size or roundness of the strands, and for mildew or mold.  
(b) Internally annually, by separating the strands at 3-foot intervals, for broken fibers,  
presence of grit, mildew or mold, color change of the fibers, or powdering and short,  
loose fibers.  
(4) A natural fiber rope that has any of the conditions described in subrule (3)(a) and  
(b) of this rule shall be replaced or repaired.  
(5) Synthetic rope shall be inspected visually after each use for all of the following  
conditions:  
(a) Abrasions.  
(b) Cut or broken fibers.  
(c) Burns.  
(d) Melted fibers.  
(e) Variations in the size or roundness of the strands.  
(6) A synthetic rope that has any of the conditions specified in subrule (5) of this rule  
shall be replaced or returned to the manufacturer for repair.  
R 408.17464 Training and education program.  
Rule 7464. (1) Each fire department shall establish and maintain an employee  
training and education program. The training and education program must include  
all of the following:  
(a) A written policy that establishes the type, amount, and frequency of training  
to be provided to firefighters. Training records must be maintained and be made  
available for inspection by the director of the department of labor and economic  
opportunity or his or her authorized representative and by an eployee or his or  
her authorized representative.  
(b) Assurance that the training and education provided under this section are  
based upon the fire department’s written policies or procedures.  
(c) Assurance that the training and education required under this section are  
provided by a qualified person.  
(d) Assurance that an eployee receives initial and continuing training and  
education commensurate with and specific to the duties and functions that the  
employee is expected to perform. The training and education must be provided  
before the employee is permitted to perform emergency operations.  
(e) Assurance that firefighters receive annual training and education on incident  
management and personnel accountability systems.  
(f) Assurance that firefighters receive and maintain certification in first aid,  
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and automated external defibrillator.  
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(2) All live fire training must meet or exceed the requirements of the NFPA 1403:  
“Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions,” 2018 edition, as adopted in R  
408.17405.  
(3) An employer shall provide additional training in relevant topics to an employee  
under any of the following conditions:  
(a) An employee has been involved in an accident or near miss incident.  
(b) An employee has been observed operating in an unsafe manner.  
;